Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献

From October 12-16, 2025, the 47th annual International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers (ISOBM) conference was held in Murnau, Bavaria, under the subtitle "New Era of Biomarkers in Oncology". The focus of the conference was the integration of modern technologies in oncology, including biomarker research, molecular diagnostics, and artificial intelligence applications in cancer care. The event welcomed more than 300 participants, 38 exhibitors, and 7 corporate partners from a total of 27 countries. The rich program featured presentations across 17 sessions, panel discussions, 12 workshops, and over 70 posters. The conference thus provided a multidisciplinary platform bringing together laboratory medicine, pathology, molecular biology, clinical oncology, and specialists in data processing and artificial intelligence.

Biobanks are essential infrastructures for biomedical research and personalized medicine. The exponential growth of heterogeneous data from various sources (genomics, imaging, electronic health records, environmental data) creates opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI) applications to improve data management, biomarker discovery, laboratory automation, and sample accessibility. This article reviews current trends, technical and ethical challenges, GDPR-related considerations, the role of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data principles and federated learning, the importance of explainable AI, and implications for the Czech healthcare system. Practical recommendations for safe and sustainable AI integration into biobanks are provided.

This study is part of the World Health Organization's European initiative to monitor trends in overweight and obesity in children. Children have been monitored every two years using a consistent protocol since 2008. The COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021) and related restrictions significantly altered daily life, including that of children. We compared the prevalence of overweight in seven-year-olds from the 5th monitoring period (Jan-Dec 2019) and the 6th period (Nov 2022-Mar 2024) to assess the impact of pandemic-related restrictions. Results showed no significant change in overall overweight or obesity prevalence between the two periods. In the 6th monitoring, 5.7% of boys and 6% of girls had overweight; 7.5% of boys and 7.3% of girls had obesity. Severe obesity was relatively high (3.8% for both sexes) but not significantly different from 2019. Abdominal obesity, indicated by a risk waist-to-height ratio, was found in 12.9% of boys and 12.2% of girls - also unchanged from the earlier monitoring. Overall, two years after lifting COVID-19 restrictions, overweight prevalence in 7-year-olds remained like pre-pandemic levels. However, the persistent prevalence of severe obesity is concerning and highlights the need for continued public health efforts.

The Trauma Plan is a set of measures to mitigate the consequences of injury in emergencies and crisis situations. It was activated at the First Surgical Clinic of the General University Hospital in December 2023, on the day of the tragic shooting in the building of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague. Thanks to the practice activations, teams, premises and beds were prepared within 20 minutes without complications. An exceptional case was a gunshot wound that occurred at 350 meters (on the other bank of the Vltava River), the origin of which, however, the patient-foreigner was not aware of and was reported as a fracture of the femur after a fall while fleeing.

In July 2024, a European Union regulation on substances of human origin came into effect, which is to be implemented into the legislation of member states by August 2027. The fundamental ethical principle remains voluntary and unpaid donation, but the responsibility for addressing related ethical issues is left to the member states. Ethical topics that should be considered during implementation, such as methods of obtaining and compensating donors of substances of human origin, donor anonymity, and the content of informed consents, were addressed in our research project "Quality and Sustainability of Body Part Donation Programs in the Czech Republic - TA ČR No. TL05000144", which took place between 2021 and 2023.

Late-onset hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome defined by androgen-deficiency symptoms and persistently low testosterone; it affects roughly two to eight percent of European men aged 40-79 years and becomes more prevalent with advancing age, obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. The 2025 update of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines sets a unified biochemical threshold of total testosterone below 12 nmol/L confirmed by two morning samples and emphasises baseline assessment of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), blood pressure and haematocrit before therapy. The large multicentre TRAVERSE trial showed that transdermal testosterone replacement does not increase major adverse cardiovascular events, yet revealed a mild rise in systolic blood pressure, a finding reflected in the latest US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labelling changes. Building on this evidence, we propose a four-step algorithm encompassing precise diagnosis, judicious initiation of treatment, integrated management of cardiometabolic risk factors and personalised fertility preservation. Such an approach permits effective and safe management of symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism while mitigating long-term risks.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents a broad continuum of pathological conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption - from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis and fibrosis to cirrhosis and its complications. The article summarizes the current view on this issue.

Health literacy means the ability to acquire, evaluate and apply health-related information. Health literacy affects motivation, health behavior, but also trust in health systems. For the development and improvement of health literacy in the European context, it is necessary to measure health literacy and compare it internationally.