Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献

The increase in obesity prevalence has been slowing down in numerous countries recently. WHO Europe has organized surveillance of childhood obesity (Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative, COSI) since 2008, which observed the prevalence of overweight and obesity of 6-9-year-old children is followed during this study and proved this result. The study Children's Health 2016 showed that after a period of the global increase of obesity until 2011, there was in the Czech Republic a period of certain stabilization, in which there weren´t major changes in weight. Unfortunately, the covid pandemic changed this trend and the current data from 2021 showed in the Czech Republic a serious increase in childhood obesity. For these children will be necessary to use a new type of treatment of obesity as a surgical and pharmacological specific treatment.

Tuková tkáň je komplexní orgán s různými funkcemi. Působí jako zásobárna energie, tepelný izolant a tlumič nárazů a zastává také roli v endokrinním systému. V posledních letech byl objeven její regenerační a protizánětlivý potenciál. Za tyto funkce jsou zodpovědné různé typy progenitorových, kmenových a zralých buněk jiných než adipocyty, které se nacházejí v tukové tkáni a souhrnně se označují jako stromální vaskulární frakce. V retikulární dermis tukové buňky obklopují vlasové folikuly a úzce regulují vlasový cyklus. Intradermální progenitorové adipocyty jsou metabolicky aktivní a vylučují řadu signálních molekul, které jsou zodpovědné za indukci anagenní fáze a růst nových vlasů. V tomto přehledu se zabýváme účinností kmenových buněk odvozených z tukové tkáně při léčbě alopecie v klinických studiích.

Until the 17th century, Japan was almost exclusively influenced by the Chinese medical tradition. A brief experience with European medicine was interrupted in the mid-17th century by edicts that isolated the country from outside world. However, thanks to the Dutch presence in Nagasaki, some Japanese intellectuals maintained contact with Western physicians. Thanks to them, the latest medical publications and textbooks gradually spread to Japan. This intellectual exchange led to a surge of interest in new discoveries and stimulated the development of scientific research. Medicine thus played a crucial role in Japan's subsequent modernization.

Principal goal of the article is to inform health care professionals about the concept of dementia-friendly community (DFC) reflecting the contemporary thinking of living with dementia, i.e. dementia as a disability, equal human rights, a sense of meaning. Experiences from abroad and from the Czechia are discussed with special attention to implementation of this concept in the health care facilities. The National Action Plan for Alzheimer´s Disease 2020-2030 (NAPAN) is presented, which shows that the Czech Government, ministries, specialists, care providers, informal careers and even the people with dementia worked together on the improvement in this field. The purpose of this paper is to bring the principles of DFC closer to the physicians and other health care professionals and support friendly and helpful approach to people living with dementia when providing health care to them. The multidisciplinary cooperation of GPs, geriatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists etc. is emphasized. An example of a regional project in Middle Bohemia is presented looking for criteria and ways of evaluation of the effect of DFC.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications leads to the need to intensify its prevention and treatment. The treatment of obesity is currently based on lifestyle modification, which often fails in the long term. For the next decade, the long-term administration of anti-obesity drugs, i.e. drugs that have a positive effect not only on the reduction of excess weight but also on the health risks associated with obesity, seems to be a necessary part of obesity treatment, along with surgical approaches. This text provides an overview of the current options for the pharmacotherapy of obesity, including their indications, appropriate patient selection and adverse effects of treatment. It also provides an overview of studies that demonstrate the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments. Although effective and safe anti-obesity drugs are currently available, it is not even partially covered by general health insurance. However, the cost of treatment is unaffordable in the long term for a large proportion of the obese. The virtual unavailability of effective antiobesity drugs for indicated patients has serious health-economic consequences. Failure to take advantage of effective therapeutic options, confirmed by evidence-based medicine, results in a high prevalence of obesity-related diseases, which are even more costly to treat economically and, in the case of type 2 diabetes, even less effective. We consider at least partial reimbursement of antiobesity drugs from general health insurance for cooperating patients under clearly defined conditions to be a necessary step towards improving the situation, and clearly cost-effective in its consequences.

Volunteering in the health sector contributes to improving the quality of services and has positive benefits for the volunteers themselves and the health service providers, and especially for patients and their families, as well as for society. The aim of this article is to summarize the main findings of the evaluation of the project Efficiency of the hospital care system in the Czech Republic through volunteering (CZ.03 .3.X/0.0/0.0/15_018/0007517), which was implemented between 2019 and 2023 by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the project was based on a combination of quantitative research (questionnaire surveys focused on the target groups of the project) and qualitative methods (individual and group interviews). The internal and external impact evaluation of the project shows significant changes in the short term for patients and their family members who use volunteering in healthcare, as well as for healthcare professionals and providers. The development of volunteering in healthcare and its effective coordination is a suitable and proven tool to support and improve the psychosocial aspect of care for hospitalized patients and a way to achieve the desired goals of the healthcare system.

During the five years from 2015 to 2020, the proportion of people with limited health literacy decreased by 12%. This finding results from international research on the level of health literacy, which took place since 2019 till 2021 in 17 countries of the European region of the World Health Organization. In total, more than 42,000 respondents were interviewed, in Czechia there were 1,650 respondents. In 2020, however, we recorded a limited level of health literacy in 47% of the population over the age of 18. Respondents have the greatest problems with understanding health information from the media and with assessing different treatment options. Czechs (like Slovaks) have the biggest problem with following the instructions of a doctor or pharmacist. Health literacy is influenced by gender, age and education: women, older people and less educated people show higher levels of health literacy. The respondent's social gradient, primarily subjective social status has positive influence to health literacy while financial deprivation has negative influence. On the other hand, health literacy positively affects the physical activity of the respondent; subjectively perceived health and consumption of medical services are influenced as well. The Czech Health Literacy Institute is currently preparing monitoring in 2024-2025.

Plénies sign is one of the main symptoms of peritoneal irritation reported in the Czech medical literature and used in clinical practice. However, it is not known who Plénies really was. The author reveals his identity with the help of archival materials, registers and contemporary press, presents a key article and lecture in which this symptom is described, and provides a basic biography and bibliography of this forgotten physician.

In recent years, monitoring of vitamin D levels and possible use of supplementation is gaining attention. Numerous studies showed low levels of vitamin D in winter months followed by improvement during summer. These changes are mostly dependent on the level of sun exposure, but also on geographical location, genetic factors, social-economic status, quality of nutrition and environmental pollution. In this observation we found significant decrease in vitamin D levels in populations exposed to extreme environmental pollution in area of central Europe. This region is known for extreme burden from microparticles originating in chemical industry, surface coal mining and cold-based power stations. Vitamin D levels in all patients was determined by ELISA. Using 540 patients in our department of clinical immunology and allergology we measured the levels of vitamin D in 2016 to 2021 period. In only 4 patients (0.74 %) we found vitamin D levels higher than 30 ng/ml. The curve of observed values does not reflect dependency on sun exposure and does not change during the year. We discuss the effect of environmental contaminants, lifestyle and economic and social factors. From our observations, we propose to directly supplement population with vitamin D, particularly children and seniors. From our observations, we propose to directly supplement population with vitamin D, particularly children and seniors.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is the highest form of resuscitation care in management of patients with respiratory failure. In the case of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the veno-venous setting is more often used. ECMO support enables, in case of lung function failure, to obtain the necessary time for the onset of the causal treatment effect or is used as a bridge to transplantation Mortality of the patients varies according to the underlying cause and presence of risk factors (e.g., age, complications or comorbid diseases). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the need for ECMO. The quality of life of patients after ECMO is significantly reduced, but most patients do not experience permanent disability.