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Liquefied fuel from plastic wastes using nitro cracking method with refinery distillation bubble cap plate column 利用炼油厂蒸馏泡盖板塔硝基裂解法提取塑料废弃物液化燃料
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ200907014S
M. Sundarraj, M. Meikandan
Development and modernization have resulted in an immense increase in the production of all kinds of goods, which indirectly produce waste to the globe. Plastic was one of the materials that produce more waste due to its wide range of applications due to its versatility and relatively low cost. In most cases, thermoplastics polymer makes up a high proportion of waste and steadily increasing worldwide pollution to the environment. As a result, waste plastics pose a severe environmental challenge due to their non-biodegradable properties and disposal problems. Diverse innovations are being developed to address plastic drawbacks, which can boost the profits of the recycling industry and shrink the world plastic waste landfills. As a part of recycling, the present work is aimed to produce liquefied fuel through the nitro cracking method using pyrolysis reactor induced with bubble cap plate column with Y zeolite as a catalyst. The liquefied fuel results produced from plastic wastes (plastics bags, plastic bottles, packing materials, and medical plastics) are compared with fuel produced from virgin plastics. The 8% higher pyrolytic oil yield is achieved compared with the results of oil produced without catalyst, and 82% of total waste plastic material is converted into liquefied fuel by the presence of a catalyst. FTIR, GC-MS, Bomb Calorimeter characterize the obtained fuel results by adopting the standard ASTM methods, and the results were compared with virgin and waste plastics.
发展和现代化导致了各种商品生产的大量增加,这间接地给地球带来了废物。塑料由于其多功能性和相对较低的成本,其应用范围广泛,是产生更多废物的材料之一。在大多数情况下,热塑性聚合物构成了很高比例的废物,并不断增加全球对环境的污染。因此,废塑料由于其不可生物降解的特性和处理问题,对环境构成了严峻的挑战。人们正在开发各种创新技术来解决塑料的缺点,这可以提高回收行业的利润,并缩小世界塑料垃圾填埋场。作为循环利用的一部分,本工作旨在以Y型沸石为催化剂,利用气泡帽板塔诱导热解反应器,通过硝化裂解法生产液化燃料。将从塑料废物(塑料袋、塑料瓶、包装材料和医用塑料)中产生的液化燃料与从原始塑料中产生的燃料进行比较。与无催化剂产油相比,热解油收率提高了8%,在催化剂的作用下,废塑料总量的82%转化为液化燃料。FTIR、GC-MS、Bomb量热仪采用标准ASTM方法对所得燃料结果进行表征,并将结果与生塑料和废塑料进行比较。
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引用次数: 1
Enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of reactive dye using manganese catalyst complex 锰催化剂配合物增强活性染料的光催化氧化
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ201202019V
S. Vajnhandl, Lidija Škodič, M. Simonič, A. Lobnik, J. Volmajer-Valh
In this work, the treatment efficiency of advanced oxidation processes H2O2/UV enhanced by the addition of a manganese catalyst complex (MnTACN) was investigated on a model dye solution and a real dye-house effluent. The experimental results were evaluated in terms of absorbance (A) and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. The major degradation products of the model dye solution were identified by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. In addition, the toxicity of the final reaction solution after H2O2/UV/MnTACN treatment to Vibrio fischeri bacteria was determined. The results showed that the addition of the H2O2/UV/MnTACN system at in different concentrations of the catalyst solution increased enhance the decolourization rate compared to H2O2/UV for both the model dye solution and real dye-house effluent.
在模型染料溶液和实际染料废水上,研究了锰催化剂配合物(MnTACN)对H2O2/UV高级氧化工艺处理效率的提高。实验结果以吸光度(A)和总有机碳(TOC)减少量进行评价。通过高分辨率气相色谱/质谱分析鉴定了模型染料溶液的主要降解产物。此外,还测定了H2O2/UV/MnTACN处理后的最终反应溶液对费氏弧菌的毒性。结果表明,在不同浓度的催化剂溶液中加入H2O2/UV/MnTACN体系,对模型染料溶液和实际染料废水的脱色率都比H2O2/UV体系提高了。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of different mathematical models in the CFD-DEM simulation of conical spouted bed fluid dynamics 不同数学模型在锥形喷流床流体动力学CFD-DEM模拟中的评价
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ110707002B
R. Béttega
The input parameters, empirical, and semi-empirical models significantly influence the responses obtained by CFD-DEM simulations. In this work, the effect of three turbulence models, three conditions of the particle rotation, and five drag models on the fluid dynamic behavior of a conical spout bed applied to the drying of sorghum grains were evaluated. Experimental data on the solids pressure drop, height, and shape of the fountain were used to validate the simulations. Results showed the importance of including the particle rotation in the model to approximate the results simulated with the experimental behavior. Compared with experimental data, considering the particle rotation by Dennis et al. model, the deviation was of the 2% for the fountain height and 9.18% for the pressure drop. While for the model without the particle rotation, the deviations were 106.33% and 42.31% for the fountain height and pressure drop, respectively. For the analyzed case, the standard k-? turbulence model showed a greater agreement with the experimental data. For the drag models evaluated, the best fit with the experimental data was obtained by the Koch-Hill drag model, followed by the Gidaspow model, with deviations less than 10%.
输入参数、经验和半经验模型显著影响CFD-DEM模拟得到的响应。本文研究了三种湍流模型、三种颗粒旋转条件和五种阻力模型对用于高粱颗粒干燥的锥形喷床流体动力学特性的影响。利用固体压降、喷泉高度和喷泉形状的实验数据验证了模拟结果。结果表明,在模型中加入粒子旋转对接近实验行为模拟结果的重要性。与实验数据相比,Dennis等人的模型考虑粒子旋转,喷泉高度偏差为2%,压降偏差为9.18%。而对于不考虑粒子旋转的模型,喷泉高度和压降的偏差分别为106.33%和42.31%。对于所分析的情况,标准k-?湍流模型与实验数据吻合较好。在所评估的阻力模型中,与实验数据拟合最好的是Koch-Hill阻力模型,其次是Gidaspow模型,偏差小于10%。
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引用次数: 1
Biosorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions by beech sawdust and wheat straw 山毛榉木屑和麦秸对水溶液中铅离子的生物吸附
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq191113021b
D. Božić, M. Gorgievski, V. Stanković, M. Cakic, S. Dimitrijević, V. Conić
This paper presents the results of the Pb2+ adsorption from synthetic Pb(NO3)2 solutions, using the beech sawdust and wheat straw as adsorbents. Physicochemical characterization of the adsorbents included the specific surface area, pHpzc, SEM-EDS and FTIR analysis. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms, as well as changes in the pH solution during the process, were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that the adsorption is well explained by the pseudosecond order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Adsorption of the Pb2+ on sawdust and straw is well described by the Temkin isotherm, which is confirmed by the high values of the regression coefficient R2. The maximum adsorption capacity of lead ions on the beech sawdust and wheat straw was 9.9 and 9.7 mg g-1, respectively. The obtained results have indicated that the beech sawdust and wheat straw are suitable adsorbents for the adsorption of lead ions from dilute aqueous solutions.
本文介绍了以山毛榉木屑和麦秸为吸附剂,对合成Pb(NO3)2溶液中Pb2+的吸附效果。对吸附剂进行了比表面积、pHpzc、SEM-EDS和FTIR等理化表征。对吸附动力学和等温线以及过程中pH溶液的变化进行了监测和分析。结果表明,两种吸附剂的准二级动力学模型都能很好地解释吸附过程。Temkin等温线很好地描述了Pb2+在木屑和稻草上的吸附,回归系数R2的高值证实了这一点。山毛榉木屑和麦秸对铅离子的最大吸附量分别为9.9和9.7 mg g-1。结果表明,山毛榉木屑和麦秸是较好的吸附铅离子的吸附剂。
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引用次数: 5
Clean printing process of cotton with natural dyes: Effect of paste formulation components on printing performances 天然染料棉的洁净印花工艺:浆料配方成分对印花性能的影响
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq191004019b
Fadhel Ben Amal, W. Miled, Wafa Haddar, N. Meksi
A novel natural dye Corchorus olitorius L. was investigated in the preparation of printing pastes for screen printing of cotton fabric. To ensure ecological printing, greener thickeners were used such as: sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Ceratonia siliqua L. flour. The nature and concentration of thickener, dyestuff and urea concentrations, mordant type and fixation method were explored. Printed cotton fabric qualities were evaluated by determining different parameters: color strength, penetration percentage, printing fastnesses and mechanical properties, whereas print paste quality was evaluated by measuring its apparent viscosity. The higher dye concentration used in the printing paste led to better apparent viscosity and color strength levels. The increase of urea concentration improved the color strength, but reduced the apparent viscosity of printing paste. Best results of viscosity and color strength parameters were obtained using ferrous sulfate as a mordant and sodium alginate as a thickener, the results being 1346.67 mPa s-1 and 4.90, respectively. The resulting color shades varied from green to brown and very good color fastnesses was achieved, but depended mainly on the used experimental conditions.
研究了一种新型天然染料Corchorus olitorius L.在棉织物丝印印花浆料制备中的应用。为了保证生态印刷,使用了绿色增稠剂,如:海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素和白角藻粉。探讨了增稠剂的性质和浓度、染料和尿素的浓度、媒染剂的种类和固定方法。通过测定色度、渗透率、印花牢度和机械性能等参数来评价印花棉织物的质量,通过测定其表观粘度来评价印花浆料的质量。印花浆料中使用的染料浓度越高,表观粘度越高,颜色强度越高。尿素浓度的增加提高了印刷浆料的色强,但降低了印刷浆料的表观粘度。以硫酸亚铁为媒染剂,海藻酸钠为增稠剂,获得了最佳的粘度和色强参数,分别为1346.67 mPa s-1和4.90 mPa s-1。所得到的颜色深浅从绿色到棕色变化,并且获得了非常好的色牢度,但主要取决于所使用的实验条件。
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引用次数: 5
Cellulose acetate butyrate graphene oxide nanocomposite membrane: Fabrication, characterization, and performance 醋酸丁酸纤维素氧化石墨烯纳米复合膜:制备、表征和性能
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq200128022a
Majed M. Alghamdi, A. El-Zahhar
In this study, the effects of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on the physicochemical properties and performances of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes were investigated. Nanocomposite membranes were fabricated using CAB and a small amount of GO in the range of 0 to 0.07 wt.%, using a conventional phase-inversion method. Membranes were characterized by different methods and their performances were tested using a dead-end filtration system. Compared with pristine CAB membrane, experimental results demonstrated an improvement in features such as hydrophilicity, permeability, salt rejection, antifouling, and stability. The results proved an increase in the porosity and pore sizes of membranes with GO addition. Furthermore, the membrane containing 0.07 wt.% of GO exhibited a low contact angle of 37??and a dramatic improvement in water flux of about 450% (from 2 to 11 L/(m2 h)). Moreover, it demonstrated a salt rejection of 39% for NaCl and 87% for Na2SO4, corresponding to improvements of about 144 and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed a higher antifouling property with an 86% improvement in flux recovery and higher stability in terms of performance and thermal properties compared to CAB.
在本研究中,研究了氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米片对醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)膜理化性质和性能的影响。采用常规的反相法,在0 ~ 0.07 wt.%的氧化石墨烯中加入CAB和少量氧化石墨烯,制备了纳米复合膜。采用不同的方法对膜进行了表征,并采用终端过滤系统对膜的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,与原始CAB膜相比,该膜在亲水性、渗透性、防盐性、防污性和稳定性等方面均有改善。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的加入增加了膜的孔隙率和孔径。此外,含有0.07 wt.%氧化石墨烯的膜的接触角较低,为37?水通量显著提高约450%(从2升/(m2 h)到11升/(m2 h))。对NaCl和Na2SO4的阻盐率分别为39%和87%,分别提高了约144和93%。此外,结果显示,与CAB相比,其防污性能更高,通量回收率提高86%,性能和热性能方面的稳定性更高。
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引用次数: 2
Magnesium removal from phosphoric acid by precipitation: Optimization by experimental design 沉淀法去除磷酸中的镁:实验设计优化
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq200101030m
Ahmed Mahrou, Rim Jouraiphy, H. Mazouz, A. Boukhair, M. Fahad
High content of magnesium in phosphate and phosphoric acid affects negatively the performance and operating conditions in phosphate industry. A content of more than 0.3% in phosphate increases the P2O5 losses during phosphate digestion and filtration, and also increases steam consumption and solid settling kinetics during concentration. In this work, the removal of magnesium from phosphoric acid by precipitation in one of the compounds, MgAlF5 or MgAl2F8, was studied. Magnesium precipitation is achieved by the simultaneous addition of aluminum and fluorine. The experimental design methodology was used to carry out this work. Tests were conducted according to the NEMRODW software using industrial quality phosphoric acid. The screening study of parameters affecting the removal efficiency of magnesium from industrial wet phosphoric acid showed that from the following parameters: temperature, F/Mg and Al/Mg ratios, aluminum form and fluorine form, only temperature and F/Mg ratio have an effective influence on magnesium removal. The optimization of magnesium removal from phosphoric acid was performed according to the response surface methodology using a composite matrix. By applying this methodology, the optimum parameters corresponding to a maximum magnesium removal efficiency in phosphoric acid were determined. The values of the optimum parameters obtained by this method are T = 80 ?C, ratios: Al/Mg = 1 and F/Mg = 16.
磷酸盐和磷酸中镁的高含量对磷酸盐工业的性能和操作条件产生不利影响。磷酸盐含量超过0.3%会增加磷酸盐消化和过滤过程中的P2O5损失,也会增加浓缩过程中的蒸汽消耗和固体沉降动力学。本文研究了用MgAlF5或MgAl2F8沉淀法去除磷酸中的镁。镁的沉淀是通过同时加入铝和氟来实现的。本研究采用实验设计方法。使用工业质量磷酸,根据NEMRODW软件进行测试。对影响工业湿式磷酸中镁脱除效率的参数筛选研究表明,在温度、F/Mg和Al/Mg比、铝形态和氟形态等参数中,只有温度和F/Mg比对镁的脱除有有效影响。采用复合基质响应面法对磷酸中除镁工艺进行了优化。应用该方法,确定了与磷酸中最大脱镁效率相对应的最佳参数。该方法得到的最佳工艺参数为:温度= 80℃,Al/Mg = 1, F/Mg = 16。
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引用次数: 2
Hydrodynamic studies in two - phase stirred fluidized bed with three types of impellers 三种叶轮两相搅拌流化床的流体力学研究
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq200305029d
N. Deepa, K. Saravanan
Fluidized beds are extensively used in petrochemical, chemical process industries, pharmaceutical, food and biotechnology industries. They are preferred to process materials with a wide range of particle size distribution and offer even temperature distribution and excellent heat and mass transfer. To improve the quality of the fluidized bed, mechanical stirring can be employed along with aeration. Hence, an attempt was made to study the hydrodynamics of stirred fluidized bed using air-water system. The characteristics of the fluidized bed can be well understood by studying its hydrodynamics. Pressure drop is one of the vital factors which affect the performance of fluidized bed. Hence, the effects of gas velocity and stirrer speed on pressure drop and power were studied for both stirred and unstirred bed conditions. It was observed that pressure drop and power increases with increase in gas velocity and stirrer speed. Also, the pressure drop and power are lower for the stirred bed condition than the unstirred bed condition.
流化床广泛应用于石油化工、化工过程、制药、食品和生物技术等行业。它们优先用于加工粒度分布范围广、温度分布均匀、传热传质优良的材料。为提高流化床质量,可采用机械搅拌加曝气。因此,本文尝试用空气-水系统研究搅拌流化床的流体力学。通过对流化床流体力学的研究,可以更好地了解流化床的特性。压降是影响流化床性能的重要因素之一。因此,在搅拌床和未搅拌床条件下,研究了气速和搅拌速度对压降和功率的影响。随着气体速度和搅拌速度的增加,压降和功率也随之增加。搅拌床的压降和功率也比未搅拌床低。
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引用次数: 1
Application of the model of cylindrical reactor for self-purification by indigenous microorganisms 圆柱形反应器模型在原生微生物自净化中的应用
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ201126006R
Drazana Radonjic
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs), in particular, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are in increasingly wider usage, and as such are more and more frequently part of the organic matter of recipient rivers, especially in their lower course. To indicate their significance as pollutants, as well as the significant role that the presence of autochthonous microflora plays in solving this issue, we undertook to perform this experiment. The experiment, titled ?Application of the Model of Cylindrical Reactor In Self-purification by Indigenous Microorganisms?, was conducted during one year period at the location of Vukovci, in the lower course of Moraca river. Assuming that the concentration of NSAIDs and PhACs in water can be reduced through self-purification, it has been proven that such processes result in a modification of phenotype in the indigenous microbiological population. Having the abovementioned premise in mind, we constructed the experiment model, which entails kineticism of water, whereas the defined volume flow rate per unit time was 0.005 m/s; through the known distance of 432 m. Over one year of application of the model of the cylindrical reactor for enhancing self-purification capacity by indigenous microorganisms, auto-purification increased by 28.05%, the phenotype of the indigenous microorganisms changed by 24.62%, whereas the total concentration of particular PhACs, micropollutants, and NSAIDs decreased by 4.19%.
药物活性化合物(PhACs),特别是非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)的应用越来越广泛,因此越来越多地成为受体河流有机物的一部分,特别是在其下游。为了表明它们作为污染物的重要性,以及本地微生物群的存在在解决这一问题方面所起的重要作用,我们进行了这项实验。实验题目为“圆柱形反应器模型在原生微生物自净化中的应用”。在莫拉卡河下游的Vukovci地点进行了为期一年的调查。假设nsaid和PhACs在水中的浓度可以通过自净化来降低,已经证明这种过程会导致本地微生物种群表型的改变。考虑到上述前提,我们构建了实验模型,该模型考虑了水的运动学,定义单位时间体积流量为0.005 m/s;通过432米的已知距离。采用圆柱反应器模型提高微生物自净能力1年后,自净能力提高28.05%,微生物表型变化24.62%,而特定PhACs、微污染物和非甾体抗炎药总浓度下降4.19%。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of combined radiation for the treatment of lamivudine and zidovudine via AOP 经AOP联合放疗治疗拉米夫定和齐多夫定的疗效评价
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/ciceq210309029l
Alex Leandro Lucena Andrade de, R. R. Santana, Marcos André Oliveira Soares de, L. Almeida, M. Duarte, D. Napoleão
The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in nature is an environmental problem generating increasing concerns. Due to this, it is necessary to evaluate treatments that are capable of degrading these contaminants, such as the advanced oxidation processes (AOP). In this work, the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton AOP were applied to degrade a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine, in aqueous medium and synthetic effluent (SE). To this end, a bench reactor (UV-C; UV-A and sunlight irradiations) was built. The AOP treatments efficiency was evaluated by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The tests involved the application of the irradiations individually and combined. The best operational conditions were [H2O2] of 600 mg.L-1 and [Fe] of 0.5 mg.L-1, for both matrices, with degradations of 90.53% and 89.32% for the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton processes in aqueous media and 88.69% and 85.79% in SE. Kinetic studies showed a good fit for two pseudo-first order models with R2 > 0.93. Toxicity tests involving the application of lettuce, carrot, and tomato seeds showed an inhibition for the three seeds when submitted to solutions after treatment, for both matrices, this fact is corroborated by the HPLC analysis, in which the formation of small peaks was verified, suggestive of the formation of by-products. Thus, it can be affirmed that both photo-Fenton and photoperoxidation processes are efficient to degrade the drug mixture when applying UV-C radiation.
自然界中药物污染物的存在是一个日益引起关注的环境问题。因此,有必要评估能够降解这些污染物的处理方法,例如高级氧化过程(AOP)。在这项工作中,应用光过氧化和光fenton AOP在水介质和合成废水(SE)中降解药物拉米夫定和齐多夫定的混合物。为此,一个台架反应器(UV-C;紫外线和阳光照射)。采用紫外/可见分光光度法评价AOP处理的效果。这些试验包括单独和联合辐照的应用。最佳操作条件为[H2O2]浓度为600 mg。L-1和[Fe] 0.5 mg。L-1时,两种基质的降解率分别为90.53%和89.32%,在水介质中光过氧化和光fenton工艺的降解率分别为88.69%和85.79%。动力学研究表明,两个伪一阶模型拟合良好,R2 > 0.93。对生菜、胡萝卜和番茄种子进行的毒性试验表明,在处理后将这三种种子放入溶液中,对这两种基质都有抑制作用,高效液相色谱分析证实了这一事实,其中证实了小峰的形成,表明形成了副产品。由此可以肯定,在UV-C辐射作用下,光fenton和光过氧化两种工艺都能有效降解药物混合物。
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引用次数: 1
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Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly
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