Lucas Cardoso, Bruno Conceição, M. Paredes, S. Mattedi
This work aimed at the thermodynamic modeling of gases solubility in ILs using the SRK, CPA, and PC-SAFT. Wherefore, routines were developed for the parameterization of ILs. Implementations of the ILs were carried out in the Aspen Plus simulator, to evaluate the EoS and explore the phase equilibrium data with the predictive equations and with the correlation of the binary interaction parameter. Hence, it was verified the correlation of the density and speed of sound curves presented limitations to correct the slope of the curves of pure ILs. Nonetheless, PC-SAFT with the 4C associative scheme demonstrated a better fit for the thermophysical properties. As for the prediction of phase equilibrium, for the [EMIM][TfO], the PC-SAFT with the 2B scheme showed a better fit with CO2, while the CPA with the 2B scheme presented the best result for the H2S. For [OMIM][NTf2], PC-SAFT with 1A scheme showed better results with CO2, and CPA with 2B scheme showed the lowest deviation with H2S.
{"title":"Thermodynamic modeling of gas solubility in ionic liquids using equations of state","authors":"Lucas Cardoso, Bruno Conceição, M. Paredes, S. Mattedi","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220417028c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220417028c","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed at the thermodynamic modeling of gases solubility in ILs using the SRK, CPA, and PC-SAFT. Wherefore, routines were developed for the parameterization of ILs. Implementations of the ILs were carried out in the Aspen Plus simulator, to evaluate the EoS and explore the phase equilibrium data with the predictive equations and with the correlation of the binary interaction parameter. Hence, it was verified the correlation of the density and speed of sound curves presented limitations to correct the slope of the curves of pure ILs. Nonetheless, PC-SAFT with the 4C associative scheme demonstrated a better fit for the thermophysical properties. As for the prediction of phase equilibrium, for the [EMIM][TfO], the PC-SAFT with the 2B scheme showed a better fit with CO2, while the CPA with the 2B scheme presented the best result for the H2S. For [OMIM][NTf2], PC-SAFT with 1A scheme showed better results with CO2, and CPA with 2B scheme showed the lowest deviation with H2S.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. R. Vinod Kumaar, R. Thanigaivelan, Madesh Soundarrajan
The use of stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) in industries such as medical, marine, aerospace, bio-medical, and automobile sectors is increasing rapidly. Electrochemical micro-machining (ECMM) is the apt method for machining SS 316L due to its burr-free machining surface, no residual stress, and high precision. However, there are some limitations found in the usage of strong electrolytes such as HCl, H2SO4, KOH, NaNO3, and NaCl, which are reportedly facing difficulties in disposing it to the environment and handling issues. Hence, this paper addresses to overcome the disadvantages faced in ECMM process when using strong electrolytes to machine SS 316L, so therefore different organic electrolytes such as tartaric acid (C4H6O6), citric acid (C6H8O7), and a combination of tartaric and citric acid electrolyte (mixed electrolyte) are considered to select the best electrolyte. Process parameters like machining voltage, duty cycle, and electrolyte concentration are included in determining the performance of machining. The performance of ECMM is evaluated using material removal rate (MRR) and overcut. The overcut of tartaric acid electrolyte is found to be 179% less than mixed electrolyte for the parameter combination of 12 g/l, 11 V, and 85%. The mixed electrolyte shows 114.2% higher MRR than the tartaric acid electrolyte for the parameter solutions of 25%, 11 V, and 20 g/l. Furthermore, the citric acid electrolyte shows the second lowest overcut and higher MRR in all aspects of machining performance. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) studies are carried out to realise the effect of electrolyte on the machining surface.
{"title":"Effect of different electrolytes on electrochemical micro-machining of SS 316L","authors":"J. R. Vinod Kumaar, R. Thanigaivelan, Madesh Soundarrajan","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211204007v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211204007v","url":null,"abstract":"The use of stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) in industries such as medical, marine, aerospace, bio-medical, and automobile sectors is increasing rapidly. Electrochemical micro-machining (ECMM) is the apt method for machining SS 316L due to its burr-free machining surface, no residual stress, and high precision. However, there are some limitations found in the usage of strong electrolytes such as HCl, H2SO4, KOH, NaNO3, and NaCl, which are reportedly facing difficulties in disposing it to the environment and handling issues. Hence, this paper addresses to overcome the disadvantages faced in ECMM process when using strong electrolytes to machine SS 316L, so therefore different organic electrolytes such as tartaric acid (C4H6O6), citric acid (C6H8O7), and a combination of tartaric and citric acid electrolyte (mixed electrolyte) are considered to select the best electrolyte. Process parameters like machining voltage, duty cycle, and electrolyte concentration are included in determining the performance of machining. The performance of ECMM is evaluated using material removal rate (MRR) and overcut. The overcut of tartaric acid electrolyte is found to be 179% less than mixed electrolyte for the parameter combination of 12 g/l, 11 V, and 85%. The mixed electrolyte shows 114.2% higher MRR than the tartaric acid electrolyte for the parameter solutions of 25%, 11 V, and 20 g/l. Furthermore, the citric acid electrolyte shows the second lowest overcut and higher MRR in all aspects of machining performance. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) studies are carried out to realise the effect of electrolyte on the machining surface.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Shcherban, A. Gapchich, Aleksey Zhdanov, Olga Letunovskaya
The paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of various technological solutions of the liquid brines use during the development of polymineral potash ore deposits, considers the problem of determining the choice of the optimal approach by taking into account geological, technical, environmental, and financial factors. The study of the issues of utilization and reduction of the liquid brines components of discharges in the production of potash fertilizers, the simultaneous reduction of valuable components loss with liquid discharges, and, due to this, increasing the production of potash fertilizers, and also the usage in the technology of mine brines, are an urgent and important scientific and engineering challenge of the potash industry. Technologically, several alternative solutions are possible to reduce the number of liquid by-products placed in sludge storages. A set of analytical methods was used in the work, including statistical data processing, modeling, pre-design studies of technological solutions, and assessment of economic costs. Excess brines of potash mining and processing plants are liquid waste obtained during the production of potashfertilizers - MOP ? SOP. The accumulation of excess brines in sludge storage facilities is estimated at millions of cubic meters per year. The expansion of the sludge storage facilities area and the construction of dams are only a temporary solution and associated with risks in design, construction, and operation of hydraulic structures, increasing the risks of brine leakage into open and underground water basins. This makes it necessary to use other methods of brine disposal. Depending on the nature of the processed polymineral potash ores, several methods can be used in combination for the the disposal of excess brines at once: backfiling, osmosis, injection into deep horizons, multistage evaporation. The most optimal combination of brine reduction technologies for potassium-magnesium processing plants raw materials is the following : 60% is disposed by usage of vacuum evaporation units , 20 % - by injecting excessive brines into deep absorbing horizons, 10-20% should be used for backfilling or production of additional products.
{"title":"Optimization of excess brines disposal methods at potash mining and processing plants","authors":"P. Shcherban, A. Gapchich, Aleksey Zhdanov, Olga Letunovskaya","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211228024s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211228024s","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of various technological solutions of the liquid brines use during the development of polymineral potash ore deposits, considers the problem of determining the choice of the optimal approach by taking into account geological, technical, environmental, and financial factors. The study of the issues of utilization and reduction of the liquid brines components of discharges in the production of potash fertilizers, the simultaneous reduction of valuable components loss with liquid discharges, and, due to this, increasing the production of potash fertilizers, and also the usage in the technology of mine brines, are an urgent and important scientific and engineering challenge of the potash industry. Technologically, several alternative solutions are possible to reduce the number of liquid by-products placed in sludge storages. A set of analytical methods was used in the work, including statistical data processing, modeling, pre-design studies of technological solutions, and assessment of economic costs. Excess brines of potash mining and processing plants are liquid waste obtained during the production of potashfertilizers - MOP ? SOP. The accumulation of excess brines in sludge storage facilities is estimated at millions of cubic meters per year. The expansion of the sludge storage facilities area and the construction of dams are only a temporary solution and associated with risks in design, construction, and operation of hydraulic structures, increasing the risks of brine leakage into open and underground water basins. This makes it necessary to use other methods of brine disposal. Depending on the nature of the processed polymineral potash ores, several methods can be used in combination for the the disposal of excess brines at once: backfiling, osmosis, injection into deep horizons, multistage evaporation. The most optimal combination of brine reduction technologies for potassium-magnesium processing plants raw materials is the following : 60% is disposed by usage of vacuum evaporation units , 20 % - by injecting excessive brines into deep absorbing horizons, 10-20% should be used for backfilling or production of additional products.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanderlei Costa, L. Chiarello, V. Botton, E. Simionatto, V. Wiggers, H. Meier, Laercio Ender
This work evaluated the process for heptaldehyde, undecylenic acid and methyl undecenoate production from castor oil, methyl ester of castor oil and ricinoleic acid. Experiments were performed in a continuous pilot-plant scale pyrolysis reactor. Those are very important green chemical products that might be obtained by the thermal cracking of castor oil. Transesterification of castor oil produces methyl ricinoleate and its thermal cracking generates methyl undecenoate and heptaldehyde. The pyrolysis temperatures tested were 530, 545, 560, and 575 ?C, with residence time from 17 to 32 s and mass flow at 400 g/h of the mixture of materials with 25% distilled water. It was observed that the temperature influence in relation to bio-oil generated and their differences for each material. The bio-oil was characterized by iodine index, acid number, mass, and the contents of its compounds were obtained by GC-FID chromatography. The best result for the undecylenic acid mass yield of the desired compounds occurred at 530?C, achieving 17.8 % from ricinoleic acid and 16.5% from castor oil. For the heptaldehyde the highest production was also obtained at 530 ?C, with a value of 20.7% from methyl ester and 15.2% from ricinoleic acid.
{"title":"Green chemical production based on thermal cracking of inedible vegetable oil","authors":"Vanderlei Costa, L. Chiarello, V. Botton, E. Simionatto, V. Wiggers, H. Meier, Laercio Ender","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220114033c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220114033c","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluated the process for heptaldehyde, undecylenic acid and methyl undecenoate production from castor oil, methyl ester of castor oil and ricinoleic acid. Experiments were performed in a continuous pilot-plant scale pyrolysis reactor. Those are very important green chemical products that might be obtained by the thermal cracking of castor oil. Transesterification of castor oil produces methyl ricinoleate and its thermal cracking generates methyl undecenoate and heptaldehyde. The pyrolysis temperatures tested were 530, 545, 560, and 575 ?C, with residence time from 17 to 32 s and mass flow at 400 g/h of the mixture of materials with 25% distilled water. It was observed that the temperature influence in relation to bio-oil generated and their differences for each material. The bio-oil was characterized by iodine index, acid number, mass, and the contents of its compounds were obtained by GC-FID chromatography. The best result for the undecylenic acid mass yield of the desired compounds occurred at 530?C, achieving 17.8 % from ricinoleic acid and 16.5% from castor oil. For the heptaldehyde the highest production was also obtained at 530 ?C, with a value of 20.7% from methyl ester and 15.2% from ricinoleic acid.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julieta Cerioni, M. Vallejos, F. Felissia, M. Area, N. Nichio, G. Santori
This work presents the study of heterogeneous catalysis of sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal treatment spent liquors using a sulfonated resin. Besides, results were compared with those obtained by a conventional route using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysis is suitable for the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal liquors under mild conditions (100 ?C and 6 h). The obtained maximum xylose yield was 82% due to furfural formation, which causes a xylose selectivity drop. The hydrogenation of this xylose-rich liquor at 100?C and 3 MPa of hydrogen pressure employing a supported Ni/?-Al2O3 produced the total conversion of xylose with a selectivity towards xylitol of 100% by using a catalyst to xylose mass ratio of 0.5. Heterogeneous catalysis in a two-step route (hydrolysis and hydrogenation) constitutes an outstanding alternative to produce xylitol from sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal spent liquors since materials can be easily separated and reused in several reaction cycles.
{"title":"Obtaining xylitol by hydrolysis-hydrogenation of liquors derived from sugarcane bagasse","authors":"Julieta Cerioni, M. Vallejos, F. Felissia, M. Area, N. Nichio, G. Santori","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210721012c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210721012c","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the study of heterogeneous catalysis of sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal treatment spent liquors using a sulfonated resin. Besides, results were compared with those obtained by a conventional route using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysis is suitable for the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal liquors under mild conditions (100 ?C and 6 h). The obtained maximum xylose yield was 82% due to furfural formation, which causes a xylose selectivity drop. The hydrogenation of this xylose-rich liquor at 100?C and 3 MPa of hydrogen pressure employing a supported Ni/?-Al2O3 produced the total conversion of xylose with a selectivity towards xylitol of 100% by using a catalyst to xylose mass ratio of 0.5. Heterogeneous catalysis in a two-step route (hydrolysis and hydrogenation) constitutes an outstanding alternative to produce xylitol from sugarcane bagasse hydrothermal spent liquors since materials can be easily separated and reused in several reaction cycles.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mendes, Jefferson de Oliveira Daimon, Thamayne Valadares de Oliveira, Fernando Pederson Voll, R. Vieira, A. Mariano
To make algal biomass a suitable feedstock for fuel and bioproducts, a practical way of dewatering and concentrating algal cells must be devised. In this study, a system comprising microfiltration membranes combined with a flocculant was developed on a low-cost ceramic substrate for efficient harvest of Tetradesmus obliquus. The effects of tannin-based flocculant concentration, microalgal concentration, and pH on microfiltration were studied. Permeate flux was evaluated for 5400 s through experiments to analyze the total resistance and the fouling mechanism. Results show that the cake filtration model best represented the data. The experiments at pH 4 and 0.06 kg/m3 of microalgae (with flocculant) showed improved results with reduction in J/J0 (permeate flux/initial flux) of 39%. In addition, the effects of critical flux, transmembrane pressure, and fouling mechanism on microfiltration were investigated under the best conditions studied. Application of the stepping method to the critical flux yielded permeate flux of 2.2 ? 10-5 m3m?2s?1. The 70 kPa condition showed the highest permeate flux (3.0 ? 10?5 m3m?2s?1) and a low cake pore blocking coefficient (k) obtained by the modified Hermia model. This study showed that the use of Tanfloc at low pH can maximize microalgal separation in membrane processes.
为了使藻类生物量成为燃料和生物产品的合适原料，必须设计一种实用的方法来脱水和浓缩藻类细胞。在本研究中，在低成本的陶瓷基板上开发了一种由微滤膜和絮凝剂组成的系统，用于高效收获斜四角蝇。研究了单宁基絮凝剂浓度、微藻浓度和pH对微滤的影响。通过实验计算了5400s的渗透通量，分析了总阻力和结垢机理。结果表明，饼式过滤模型最能反映数据。在pH为4和0.06 kg/m3的微藻(添加絮凝剂)条件下进行的实验结果表明，微藻的渗透通量/初始通量降低了39%。在最佳条件下，考察了临界通量、跨膜压力和污染机理对微滤的影响。将步进法应用于临界通量，得到渗透通量为2.2 ?纯m3m 2 s ? 1。70 kPa条件下渗透通量最高，为3.0 ?10？5 m3m?2s?1)，通过改进的Hermia模型获得了较低的饼孔阻塞系数(k)。本研究表明，在低pH下使用Tanfloc可以最大限度地分离膜工艺中的微藻。
{"title":"Effects of microalgal concentration and pH with flocculant on microfiltration","authors":"A. Mendes, Jefferson de Oliveira Daimon, Thamayne Valadares de Oliveira, Fernando Pederson Voll, R. Vieira, A. Mariano","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220125032m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220125032m","url":null,"abstract":"To make algal biomass a suitable feedstock for fuel and bioproducts, a practical way of dewatering and concentrating algal cells must be devised. In this study, a system comprising microfiltration membranes combined with a flocculant was developed on a low-cost ceramic substrate for efficient harvest of Tetradesmus obliquus. The effects of tannin-based flocculant concentration, microalgal concentration, and pH on microfiltration were studied. Permeate flux was evaluated for 5400 s through experiments to analyze the total resistance and the fouling mechanism. Results show that the cake filtration model best represented the data. The experiments at pH 4 and 0.06 kg/m3 of microalgae (with flocculant) showed improved results with reduction in J/J0 (permeate flux/initial flux) of 39%. In addition, the effects of critical flux, transmembrane pressure, and fouling mechanism on microfiltration were investigated under the best conditions studied. Application of the stepping method to the critical flux yielded permeate flux of 2.2 ? 10-5 m3m?2s?1. The 70 kPa condition showed the highest permeate flux (3.0 ? 10?5 m3m?2s?1) and a low cake pore blocking coefficient (k) obtained by the modified Hermia model. This study showed that the use of Tanfloc at low pH can maximize microalgal separation in membrane processes.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, P. Tardioli, F. Furlan, R. de Sousa
The biosynthesis of sugar esters, molecules with biosurfactant properties, can occur through the esterification of sugars with fatty acids by enzymatic catalysis. An alternative to reduce the impact of raw materials on the final cost of biosurfactant production and reuse industrial waste is to use residues from vegetable oil industries as source of FFA (Free Fatty Acid, such as oleic acid) and lignocellulosic residues of 2G ethanol as source of sugar (xylose). In this scenario, the present work aimed to model the production process of biosurfactants via heterogeneous biocatalysis by lipase, using oleic acid and xylose. Product separation and purification was performed using a sequence of precipitations (by adding ethanol, water and methyl ethyl ketone). Simulation was performed using the equation-oriented software EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization), which is CAPE-OPEN compliant. The percentage of biosurfactants in the product was around 86%, with recovery of 88% in the purification. Regarding the study of energy expenditure, it was observed a value of -604.1 kW of heat associated with cooling and a value of 137.6 kW associated with heating. Developed mathematical models successfully described the process. The initial economic analysis of the process indicates a minimum biosurfactant selling price of US$72.37/kg.
糖酯(具有生物表面活性剂性质的分子)的生物合成可以通过酶催化糖与脂肪酸的酯化反应发生。减少原料对生物表面活性剂生产最终成本的影响和工业废物再利用的一种替代方法是使用植物油工业的残留物作为FFA(游离脂肪酸，如油酸)的来源，并使用2G乙醇的木质纤维素残留物作为糖(木糖)的来源。在这种情况下，本研究旨在模拟脂肪酶在油酸和木糖的非均相生物催化下生产生物表面活性剂的过程。采用一系列沉淀法(加入乙醇、水和甲乙基酮)对产物进行分离和纯化。仿真使用符合CAPE-OPEN标准的面向方程的软件EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization)进行。产物中生物表面活性剂的含量约为86%，纯化回收率为88%。关于能源消耗的研究，观察到与冷却有关的热量值为-604.1千瓦，与加热有关的热量值为137.6千瓦。建立的数学模型成功地描述了这一过程。对该工艺的初步经济分析表明，生物表面活性剂的最低售价为72.37美元/公斤。
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of the biosurfactant production by enzymatic route using xylose and oleic acid as reagents","authors":"Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, P. Tardioli, F. Furlan, R. de Sousa","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210621001c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210621001c","url":null,"abstract":"The biosynthesis of sugar esters, molecules with biosurfactant properties, can occur through the esterification of sugars with fatty acids by enzymatic catalysis. An alternative to reduce the impact of raw materials on the final cost of biosurfactant production and reuse industrial waste is to use residues from vegetable oil industries as source of FFA (Free Fatty Acid, such as oleic acid) and lignocellulosic residues of 2G ethanol as source of sugar (xylose). In this scenario, the present work aimed to model the production process of biosurfactants via heterogeneous biocatalysis by lipase, using oleic acid and xylose. Product separation and purification was performed using a sequence of precipitations (by adding ethanol, water and methyl ethyl ketone). Simulation was performed using the equation-oriented software EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization), which is CAPE-OPEN compliant. The percentage of biosurfactants in the product was around 86%, with recovery of 88% in the purification. Regarding the study of energy expenditure, it was observed a value of -604.1 kW of heat associated with cooling and a value of 137.6 kW associated with heating. Developed mathematical models successfully described the process. The initial economic analysis of the process indicates a minimum biosurfactant selling price of US$72.37/kg.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Souza, Pinto Souza, A. M. Sarkis, T. F. Pádua, R. Béttega
Drying operations in iron ore processing plants have a particularly high energy demand due to the massive solid flow rates employed in this industry. A 33 full-factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of air temperature, airflow velocity, and solids load on the drying time and the specific energy consumption (SEC) of the convective drying of iron ore fines in a fixed bed. The results demonstrated that each drying air condition was associated with an optimal solids load that minimized the SEC. A load of 73 g (bed height of about 0.8 cm) was identified and validated as the optimal condition in terms of energy consumption for the configuration with the highest air temperature (90?C) and airflow velocity (4.5 m/s). This condition resulted in a drying time of 29.0 s and a corresponding SEC of 12.8 MJ/kg to reduce the solids moisture content from 0.11 to a target of 0.05 kg water/kg dry solids. The approach presented here for identifying the optimum values for the process variables should assist in the design and operation of energy efficient convective dryers for iron ore fines.
{"title":"Energy analysis of the convective drying of iron ore fines","authors":"A. S. Souza, Pinto Souza, A. M. Sarkis, T. F. Pádua, R. Béttega","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220208026s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220208026s","url":null,"abstract":"Drying operations in iron ore processing plants have a particularly high energy demand due to the massive solid flow rates employed in this industry. A 33 full-factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of air temperature, airflow velocity, and solids load on the drying time and the specific energy consumption (SEC) of the convective drying of iron ore fines in a fixed bed. The results demonstrated that each drying air condition was associated with an optimal solids load that minimized the SEC. A load of 73 g (bed height of about 0.8 cm) was identified and validated as the optimal condition in terms of energy consumption for the configuration with the highest air temperature (90?C) and airflow velocity (4.5 m/s). This condition resulted in a drying time of 29.0 s and a corresponding SEC of 12.8 MJ/kg to reduce the solids moisture content from 0.11 to a target of 0.05 kg water/kg dry solids. The approach presented here for identifying the optimum values for the process variables should assist in the design and operation of energy efficient convective dryers for iron ore fines.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, grape marc waste from Negroamaro (a South of Italy vine variety) winery production, were used for the preparation of biosorbents for Hg(II) removal in aqueous media. A green approach was used to develop a proper biosorbent through two different grape marc washing procedures. In particular, the common chloridric acid and the greener citric acid, were evaluated. Comparing the adsorption results, the biosorbent prepared using citric acid as washing agent (GM-CA) gave similar results to the biosorbent washed with HCl (GM-HCl) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.39 mg g-1. Isothermal studies revealed a heterogeneous physical adsorption of Hg(II) on the biosorbents. Moreover, FTIR analysis of the grape marc-based biosorbent without and with Hg(II), confirmed ionic interactions in the biosorbent that fit with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. No significant adsorption on the biosorbent was observed when two other heavy metals, copper(II) and nickel(II), previously studied for similar sorbents, were considered. Finally, reusability of GM-CA biosorbent was also demonstrated over three cycles. Thus, the green preparation approach used in this work can be considered suitable for development of grape marc-based biosorbents.
{"title":"Green grape marc biosorbents preparation for mercury removal in aqueous media","authors":"S. Del, Alvaro Maggio, Lucia Mergola","doi":"10.2298/ciceq201014008s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq201014008s","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, grape marc waste from Negroamaro (a South of Italy vine variety) winery production, were used for the preparation of biosorbents for Hg(II) removal in aqueous media. A green approach was used to develop a proper biosorbent through two different grape marc washing procedures. In particular, the common chloridric acid and the greener citric acid, were evaluated. Comparing the adsorption results, the biosorbent prepared using citric acid as washing agent (GM-CA) gave similar results to the biosorbent washed with HCl (GM-HCl) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.39 mg g-1. Isothermal studies revealed a heterogeneous physical adsorption of Hg(II) on the biosorbents. Moreover, FTIR analysis of the grape marc-based biosorbent without and with Hg(II), confirmed ionic interactions in the biosorbent that fit with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. No significant adsorption on the biosorbent was observed when two other heavy metals, copper(II) and nickel(II), previously studied for similar sorbents, were considered. Finally, reusability of GM-CA biosorbent was also demonstrated over three cycles. Thus, the green preparation approach used in this work can be considered suitable for development of grape marc-based biosorbents.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68461121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Lugonja, V. Marinković, B. Miličić, J. Avdalović, M. Vrvić, S. Spasić
Freeze storage and pasteurization of human milk are common treatments in milk banks. Thermal treatment changes the quality of milk for preterm infants? nutrition, and the aim of this paper was to examine the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of preterm human milk after storage and pasteurization, and also after supplementation with fortifier. The effects of storage processes were estimated on mature preterm milk of 30 breastfeeding women. Total proteins, lipids and lactose were determined after thermal processing and supplementation of mature preterm milk with fortifier. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the ferric reducing antioxidant potential method and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. Protein concentration decreased after frozen storage and pasteurization (p<0.05). Pasteurization further reduced the lipid concentration after freezing. The ferric reducing antioxidant potential decreased after thermal treatments (p<0.05). Supplementation of mature milk with fortifier increased the concentration of proteins, lipids and lactose. Our findings demonstrated that storage and pasteurization processes affect the basic nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of preterm human milk. In order to ensure adequate nutrition for preterm infants with preterm human milk, supplementation, especially with high concentrations of proteins and lipids, is necessary after thermal treatments.
{"title":"Effect of storage process on nutritive properties of preterm human milk","authors":"N. Lugonja, V. Marinković, B. Miličić, J. Avdalović, M. Vrvić, S. Spasić","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220117021l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220117021l","url":null,"abstract":"Freeze storage and pasteurization of human milk are common treatments in milk banks. Thermal treatment changes the quality of milk for preterm infants? nutrition, and the aim of this paper was to examine the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of preterm human milk after storage and pasteurization, and also after supplementation with fortifier. The effects of storage processes were estimated on mature preterm milk of 30 breastfeeding women. Total proteins, lipids and lactose were determined after thermal processing and supplementation of mature preterm milk with fortifier. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the ferric reducing antioxidant potential method and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. Protein concentration decreased after frozen storage and pasteurization (p<0.05). Pasteurization further reduced the lipid concentration after freezing. The ferric reducing antioxidant potential decreased after thermal treatments (p<0.05). Supplementation of mature milk with fortifier increased the concentration of proteins, lipids and lactose. Our findings demonstrated that storage and pasteurization processes affect the basic nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of preterm human milk. In order to ensure adequate nutrition for preterm infants with preterm human milk, supplementation, especially with high concentrations of proteins and lipids, is necessary after thermal treatments.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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