N. Milicevic, M. Sakač, Bojana Šarić, D. Škrobot, B. Filipčev, O. Šimurina, P. Jovanov, M. Pestoric, A. Marić
Soybean bran (SB) was used for partial replacement of fat (30-50%) in a gluten-free cookie formulation. Dough properties, physical (cookie dimension and weight loss), textural (hardness and fracturability), colour and sensory parameters, as well as nutritional profiles were evaluated to characterise full-fat (FFC) and fat-reduced cookies (FRC). Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the fat reduction in cookie formulation at the level of 30% maintained the sensory properties of the FFC. It was revealed that the fat replacement using SB at the level of 30% resulted in the fat-reduced value-added gluten-free cookies in terms of dietary fibre and minerals. A daily portion of the 30% FRC meets 11.87% and 18.04% of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for dietary fibres, 26.50% of DRIs for calcium, 35.71% and 46.88% of DRIs for magnesium and 65.43% and 83.61% of DRIs for manganese, for male and female adults, respectively.
{"title":"Soybean bran as the fat replacer in gluten-free cookie formulation: Physicochemical properties and sensory profiles","authors":"N. Milicevic, M. Sakač, Bojana Šarić, D. Škrobot, B. Filipčev, O. Šimurina, P. Jovanov, M. Pestoric, A. Marić","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211222025m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211222025m","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean bran (SB) was used for partial replacement of fat (30-50%) in a gluten-free cookie formulation. Dough properties, physical (cookie dimension and weight loss), textural (hardness and fracturability), colour and sensory parameters, as well as nutritional profiles were evaluated to characterise full-fat (FFC) and fat-reduced cookies (FRC). Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the fat reduction in cookie formulation at the level of 30% maintained the sensory properties of the FFC. It was revealed that the fat replacement using SB at the level of 30% resulted in the fat-reduced value-added gluten-free cookies in terms of dietary fibre and minerals. A daily portion of the 30% FRC meets 11.87% and 18.04% of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for dietary fibres, 26.50% of DRIs for calcium, 35.71% and 46.88% of DRIs for magnesium and 65.43% and 83.61% of DRIs for manganese, for male and female adults, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes the use of mass balance and the method of McCabe-Thiele in absorption column for the removal of drying air humidity with ethylene glycol and energy balances in heat exchangers for the determination of the optimum operation conditions of a factory for the production of recycled polyester fibers from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes. The evaluation of these machines involved the combination of variables such as temperature, flow rate, specific heat and operational efficiency to guarantee the correct adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the fluids and materials of the process. Highlighted in this study, the efficiency of the absorption column was determined at 25% and a diagram correlating ethylene glycol humidity, dew point of the drying air and efficiency of humidity removal from the PET flake dryer was constructed to define what is the most appropriate configuration for operation. By the graph curves, it was found that the humidity of ethylene glycol for absorption should be inferior to 1% (w/w) to guarantee a dew point < -27?C at 175?C of the drying air introduced in the dryer, that would finally promote a removal with efficiency superior to 91% of the PET flake humidity for values < 0.005% (w/w).
{"title":"Study on heat exchangers and industrial absorption column for drying polyethylene terephthalate","authors":"F. Silva, I. Bastos","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210622020s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210622020s","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes the use of mass balance and the method of McCabe-Thiele in absorption column for the removal of drying air humidity with ethylene glycol and energy balances in heat exchangers for the determination of the optimum operation conditions of a factory for the production of recycled polyester fibers from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes. The evaluation of these machines involved the combination of variables such as temperature, flow rate, specific heat and operational efficiency to guarantee the correct adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the fluids and materials of the process. Highlighted in this study, the efficiency of the absorption column was determined at 25% and a diagram correlating ethylene glycol humidity, dew point of the drying air and efficiency of humidity removal from the PET flake dryer was constructed to define what is the most appropriate configuration for operation. By the graph curves, it was found that the humidity of ethylene glycol for absorption should be inferior to 1% (w/w) to guarantee a dew point < -27?C at 175?C of the drying air introduced in the dryer, that would finally promote a removal with efficiency superior to 91% of the PET flake humidity for values < 0.005% (w/w).","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During pyrolysis of hydrochloric acid pickling waste liquid in a Venturi Reactor from iron and steel enterprises, the reaction products agglomera ted and hindered product recovery. Addition of citric acid to materials at the inlet improved product distribution. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the combustion, phase change, and gas-solid chemistry involved in a citric acid-added pickling waste liquid was conducted. These results showed that citric acid added to the inlet resulted in a peak concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the back half of the venturi throat, and some ferric oxide (Fe2O3) underwent a secondary reaction to afford ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4). As the addition of citric acid increased, the flow of Fe2O3 at the outlet first increased and then decreased, while the flow rate of Fe3O4 first decreased and then increased. When the ratio of citric acid was 7%, the flow rate of Fe2O3 was the smallest and the flow rate of Fe3O4 was the largest.
{"title":"Simulation study of citric acid effects on pyrolysis of hydrochloric acid pickling waste liquor","authors":"Lv Chao, Yin Hongxin, Sun Minghe, Zhu Hangyu","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211003013c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211003013c","url":null,"abstract":"During pyrolysis of hydrochloric acid pickling waste liquid in a Venturi Reactor from iron and steel enterprises, the reaction products agglomera ted and hindered product recovery. Addition of citric acid to materials at the inlet improved product distribution. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the combustion, phase change, and gas-solid chemistry involved in a citric acid-added pickling waste liquid was conducted. These results showed that citric acid added to the inlet resulted in a peak concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the back half of the venturi throat, and some ferric oxide (Fe2O3) underwent a secondary reaction to afford ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4). As the addition of citric acid increased, the flow of Fe2O3 at the outlet first increased and then decreased, while the flow rate of Fe3O4 first decreased and then increased. When the ratio of citric acid was 7%, the flow rate of Fe2O3 was the smallest and the flow rate of Fe3O4 was the largest.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, lemon slices were dried at various microwave powers (120, 350, 460, 600 and 700 W) to determine drying characteristics and energy efficiency. Drying rate and time were significantly affected by increasing of microwave power. The lowest and highest drying time were 8 and 54 min at 700 and 120 W, respectively. As microwave power increase, drying rate increased and drying time decreased. Besides, the most suitable model to describe microwave drying curves of lemon slice was obtained as Page model. The values of Deff of the dried lemon slices were calculated between 3.61x10-9 and 3.41x10-8 m2s-1. The Ea of drying of the lemon slices were calculated by using Deff and rate constant obtained from the Page model as 4.39 Wg-1 and 6.04 Wg-1, respectively. Additionally, the higher cumulative energy efficiency, the lower specific energy consumption. The lowest specific energy consumption and the highest energy efficiency were calculated at 460 W. 460 W drying power was found the best power with 11 min of drying time, the highest energy efficiency and lowest specific energy consumption.
{"title":"Drying kinetics and energy efficiency of microwave-dried lemon slices","authors":"Begüm Tepe, T. Tepe, Ayten Ekinci","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210125004t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210125004t","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, lemon slices were dried at various microwave powers (120, 350, 460, 600 and 700 W) to determine drying characteristics and energy efficiency. Drying rate and time were significantly affected by increasing of microwave power. The lowest and highest drying time were 8 and 54 min at 700 and 120 W, respectively. As microwave power increase, drying rate increased and drying time decreased. Besides, the most suitable model to describe microwave drying curves of lemon slice was obtained as Page model. The values of Deff of the dried lemon slices were calculated between 3.61x10-9 and 3.41x10-8 m2s-1. The Ea of drying of the lemon slices were calculated by using Deff and rate constant obtained from the Page model as 4.39 Wg-1 and 6.04 Wg-1, respectively. Additionally, the higher cumulative energy efficiency, the lower specific energy consumption. The lowest specific energy consumption and the highest energy efficiency were calculated at 460 W. 460 W drying power was found the best power with 11 min of drying time, the highest energy efficiency and lowest specific energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68461747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maja Milijas, D. Cvetković, A. Savić, Ana Velemir, L. Topalić-Trivunović, Saša Papuga
Honey is a product of high nutritive value, used as a raw material for obtaining mead. The quality of mead can be improved by adding fruit juices, including chokeberry juice. This paper aims to assess the effects that adding different quantities of chokeberry juice, with the variation of 3 amounts of inoculated yeast, has on the fermentation course, physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of mead. The parameters analyzed are the dry matter content, pH value, and content of volatile acids, ethanol and methanol, total phenols and flavonoids, FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests and antimicrobial properties. The results obtained in this paper show that adding chokeberry juice improves antioxidant properties of the final product and affects positively the course of mead fermentation, i.e. it has led to an increase of the maximum concentration of ethanol (Pm). In terms of the chemical composition of mead, there is no significant difference, except in the obtained ethanol content, which is the highest in samples with 10% of added chokeberry juice. Control sample showed the best antimicrobial activity, while sample with 5 % of added chokeberry juice showed the weakest effect. The strongest effect was seen in the sample with 20% of added chokeberry juice.
{"title":"Effects of adding different quantities of yeast and chokeberry juice on fermentation of mead","authors":"Maja Milijas, D. Cvetković, A. Savić, Ana Velemir, L. Topalić-Trivunović, Saša Papuga","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220325022m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220325022m","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a product of high nutritive value, used as a raw material for obtaining mead. The quality of mead can be improved by adding fruit juices, including chokeberry juice. This paper aims to assess the effects that adding different quantities of chokeberry juice, with the variation of 3 amounts of inoculated yeast, has on the fermentation course, physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of mead. The parameters analyzed are the dry matter content, pH value, and content of volatile acids, ethanol and methanol, total phenols and flavonoids, FRAP, DPPH and ABTS tests and antimicrobial properties. The results obtained in this paper show that adding chokeberry juice improves antioxidant properties of the final product and affects positively the course of mead fermentation, i.e. it has led to an increase of the maximum concentration of ethanol (Pm). In terms of the chemical composition of mead, there is no significant difference, except in the obtained ethanol content, which is the highest in samples with 10% of added chokeberry juice. Control sample showed the best antimicrobial activity, while sample with 5 % of added chokeberry juice showed the weakest effect. The strongest effect was seen in the sample with 20% of added chokeberry juice.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, biodiesel was produced from a naturally grown green algae (spirogyra). The algae were cultivated in an open pond for 180 days without any fertilizers or nutrients. The dried algae powder to oil yield and significant fuel properties of viscosity, density, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, pour and cloud points are investigated for B10 to B100 blends. The results of solvent oil extraction show that at a 1:2 (algae powder to solvent) ratio and 65oC, algae oil yield was observed as 22.66%. Furthermore, Box-Behnken assisted response surface optimization technique was implemented. From the 29 random experiments, 96.24% spirogyra algae oil biodiesel (SAOBD) yield was achieved under the optimum conditions of 50oC, 180 minutes, the molar ratio of 9:1 and catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt%. The fatty acid composition (FAC) by gas chromatography reveals that 73.95 wt% saturated FAC was observed in SAOBD. The significant fuel properties are measured by following ASTM-D6751 standards and 40% SAOBD in diesel fuel could possibly be an optimum blend ratio for engine experimentation. Finally, regression equations with high correlation coefficients (R2) were developed for the fuel properties to predict the various blend ratios.
{"title":"Preparation and physicochemical properties of naturally grown green spirogyra algae biodiesel","authors":"Teku Kalyani, L. Prasad, Aditya Kolakoti","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220215015k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220215015k","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, biodiesel was produced from a naturally grown green algae (spirogyra). The algae were cultivated in an open pond for 180 days without any fertilizers or nutrients. The dried algae powder to oil yield and significant fuel properties of viscosity, density, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, pour and cloud points are investigated for B10 to B100 blends. The results of solvent oil extraction show that at a 1:2 (algae powder to solvent) ratio and 65oC, algae oil yield was observed as 22.66%. Furthermore, Box-Behnken assisted response surface optimization technique was implemented. From the 29 random experiments, 96.24% spirogyra algae oil biodiesel (SAOBD) yield was achieved under the optimum conditions of 50oC, 180 minutes, the molar ratio of 9:1 and catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt%. The fatty acid composition (FAC) by gas chromatography reveals that 73.95 wt% saturated FAC was observed in SAOBD. The significant fuel properties are measured by following ASTM-D6751 standards and 40% SAOBD in diesel fuel could possibly be an optimum blend ratio for engine experimentation. Finally, regression equations with high correlation coefficients (R2) were developed for the fuel properties to predict the various blend ratios.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenol and phenolic compounds are omnipresent organic contaminants which are sent out to water bodies and wastewater systems produced from industrial processes, and they require specific attention due to their extraordinary features such as high toxicity, carcinogenic characteristics, and ability to accumulate, which affects the health of humans and the environment. In this practical study, the integrated system of a pulsation bubble column with an inverse fluidization air loop reactor was tested to remove phenol. The test platform was made and operated with a bubble column containing at its upper end an electrical solenoid valve engaged via at least two timers, and connected to the air loop reactor consisting of an outer rectangular tube and an internal draft tube by one-way valve, where the granular activated carbon is put as an adsorbent material in the annulus region between the inner and outer tube. The effects of various parameters [molar ratio of Phenol to H2O2 (1/10, 1/15 and 1/20), airflow rate (5-20 L/min), remediation time (5-60 min), initial phenol concentration (10- 150 mg L-1) have been studied. Removing 90% of the contaminated phenol as a result of this study may represent a partial solution to the ecological problem.
{"title":"Phenol removal using pulsation bubble column with inverse fluidization airlift loop reactor","authors":"Alias Abdul","doi":"10.2298/ciceq200312028a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq200312028a","url":null,"abstract":"Phenol and phenolic compounds are omnipresent organic contaminants which are sent out to water bodies and wastewater systems produced from industrial processes, and they require specific attention due to their extraordinary features such as high toxicity, carcinogenic characteristics, and ability to accumulate, which affects the health of humans and the environment. In this practical study, the integrated system of a pulsation bubble column with an inverse fluidization air loop reactor was tested to remove phenol. The test platform was made and operated with a bubble column containing at its upper end an electrical solenoid valve engaged via at least two timers, and connected to the air loop reactor consisting of an outer rectangular tube and an internal draft tube by one-way valve, where the granular activated carbon is put as an adsorbent material in the annulus region between the inner and outer tube. The effects of various parameters [molar ratio of Phenol to H2O2 (1/10, 1/15 and 1/20), airflow rate (5-20 L/min), remediation time (5-60 min), initial phenol concentration (10- 150 mg L-1) have been studied. Removing 90% of the contaminated phenol as a result of this study may represent a partial solution to the ecological problem.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68460845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gunay Baydar-Atak, Mert Akin Insel, M. E. Oruc, H. Sadıkoğlu
Platelets (PLTs) are responsible for stopping the bleeding. They are small cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. Low platelet count is a significant health problem for a patient. PLTs can usually be stored for up to 5 days prior to transfusion. Instantaneous production of PLTs from isolated and stored MKs is crucial for the patient?s health. Thanks to microfluidic platforms, PLTs can be produced instantaneously from MKs. Herein, we have computationally studied fluid dynamics in the microchannels with slit structures and different inlet geometries. Analysis of the flow dynamics was performed by the commercial analysis software. The effects of flow rates and the angle between the inlet channels on the MKs trapping were investigated. The optimization of the angle between inlet channels and flow rates of main and pressure flows was done with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by counting the trapped MKs. The optimum conditions lead to the percentage of trapped MKs were 100 with a relative deviation of <1%. We also concluded that flow rates to trapping a higher amount of MKs are as important as the angle between the inlet channels.
{"title":"Optimization of megakaryocyte trapping for platelet formation in microchannels","authors":"Gunay Baydar-Atak, Mert Akin Insel, M. E. Oruc, H. Sadıkoğlu","doi":"10.2298/CICEQ201224012B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ201224012B","url":null,"abstract":"Platelets (PLTs) are responsible for stopping the bleeding. They are small cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. Low platelet count is a significant health problem for a patient. PLTs can usually be stored for up to 5 days prior to transfusion. Instantaneous production of PLTs from isolated and stored MKs is crucial for the patient?s health. Thanks to microfluidic platforms, PLTs can be produced instantaneously from MKs. Herein, we have computationally studied fluid dynamics in the microchannels with slit structures and different inlet geometries. Analysis of the flow dynamics was performed by the commercial analysis software. The effects of flow rates and the angle between the inlet channels on the MKs trapping were investigated. The optimization of the angle between inlet channels and flow rates of main and pressure flows was done with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by counting the trapped MKs. The optimum conditions lead to the percentage of trapped MKs were 100 with a relative deviation of <1%. We also concluded that flow rates to trapping a higher amount of MKs are as important as the angle between the inlet channels.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68461551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Barathiraja, P. Thirumal, G. Saraswathy, I. Rahamathullah
The influence of pre-treatment methods like physical, chemical, combined physical, and hybrid treatments on the Turkey berry fruits to enhance the water diffusion during drying was assessed due to the removal of a waxy layer on the peel. Pre-treated and untreated samples were dried at 70?C and 4 m/s of air flow in a fluidized bed dryer. Fruits pre-treated with combined abrasion and blanching have the lowest drying time, and favorable Vitamin-C content retention of 36%. The highest drying rate of 0.396 kg water/kg db min?1, maximum effective moisture diffusivity of 6.002 x 10-10 m2/s, and volumetric shrinkage ratio of 0.68 were obtained for fruits which undergone combined physical pre-treatment along with drying. The maximum change in color ?E = 14.75 and Chroma ?C = - 10.53 were obtained for the un-treated samples.
{"title":"Effects of pretreatments on drying of Turkey berry in fluidized bed dryer","authors":"R. Barathiraja, P. Thirumal, G. Saraswathy, I. Rahamathullah","doi":"10.2298/ciceq201120028b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq201120028b","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of pre-treatment methods like physical, chemical, combined physical, and hybrid treatments on the Turkey berry fruits to enhance the water diffusion during drying was assessed due to the removal of a waxy layer on the peel. Pre-treated and untreated samples were dried at 70?C and 4 m/s of air flow in a fluidized bed dryer. Fruits pre-treated with combined abrasion and blanching have the lowest drying time, and favorable Vitamin-C content retention of 36%. The highest drying rate of 0.396 kg water/kg db min?1, maximum effective moisture diffusivity of 6.002 x 10-10 m2/s, and volumetric shrinkage ratio of 0.68 were obtained for fruits which undergone combined physical pre-treatment along with drying. The maximum change in color ?E = 14.75 and Chroma ?C = - 10.53 were obtained for the un-treated samples.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68461818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of different carbon sources on the carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphate ore were examined using FactSage7.2 calculations and vacuum reduction experiments. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the trend of the effect for three types of reducing agents was generally consistent under 1 Pa pressure and 14% carbon dosage. The reduction effect was maximum when graphite was used as the reducing agent, and a maximum mass of P was obtained at 1250 ?C. The vacuum experiment results showed that the reduction and volatilization ratios of phosphate rock increased with temperature for different carbon sources. Maximum reduction ratio was obtained using graphite in the temperature range 1250-1300?C. The reduction effect of pulverized coal was optimal at 1350?C, when SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO in the pulverized coal ash were exposed to form low-melting eutectics with CaO due to the increased degree of reaction, and the heat and mass transfer rates were increased. At this time, a maximum reduction ratio of 51.77% of the sample and a maximum volatilization ratio of 82.44% of P were achieved. Considering the cost effectiveness, pulverized coal was the optimum carbon source for the treatment of low-grade phosphate rock using vacuum carbothermal reduction.
{"title":"Effect of different carbon sources on vacuum carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphorus ore","authors":"X. He, Run Huang","doi":"10.2298/CICEQ210219013H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ210219013H","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of different carbon sources on the carbothermal reduction of low-grade phosphate ore were examined using FactSage7.2 calculations and vacuum reduction experiments. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the trend of the effect for three types of reducing agents was generally consistent under 1 Pa pressure and 14% carbon dosage. The reduction effect was maximum when graphite was used as the reducing agent, and a maximum mass of P was obtained at 1250 ?C. The vacuum experiment results showed that the reduction and volatilization ratios of phosphate rock increased with temperature for different carbon sources. Maximum reduction ratio was obtained using graphite in the temperature range 1250-1300?C. The reduction effect of pulverized coal was optimal at 1350?C, when SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO in the pulverized coal ash were exposed to form low-melting eutectics with CaO due to the increased degree of reaction, and the heat and mass transfer rates were increased. At this time, a maximum reduction ratio of 51.77% of the sample and a maximum volatilization ratio of 82.44% of P were achieved. Considering the cost effectiveness, pulverized coal was the optimum carbon source for the treatment of low-grade phosphate rock using vacuum carbothermal reduction.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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