V. Jovanov, S. Vučetić, S. Markov, B. Angjusheva, E. Fidančevska, J. Ranogajec
This work illustrates the prediction of frost action mechanisms on ceramic compacts, as well as their biocorrosion resistance to fungus action. The ceramic compacts were produced from two raw materials: coal fly ash (40 wt. %) and clay material (60 wt. %). The ceramics models were made in laboratory conditions by pressing (P = 45 MPa), drying (105?C, 3h) and sintering (1100?C, 1h; heating rates 3?C/min and 10?C/min.). The mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the designed ceramic compacts were defined based on the values of the total porosity, pore size distribution, pore critical radius and the Maage factor, as well as on the values of water permeability. The process of biocorrosion was investigated by using Aspergillus niger fungus as a model microorganism. The different degrees of fungus colonization on the designed compacts were comparatively analysed based on the results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation. The gained results are encouraging as they show that the utilization of fly ash (40 wt. %) in ceramic composites is possible without significantly deterioration of their durability (frost action and microbiological corrosion resistance) compared with the ones whose production was based only on clay material.
{"title":"Resistance to frost action and microbiological corrosion of novel ceramic composites","authors":"V. Jovanov, S. Vučetić, S. Markov, B. Angjusheva, E. Fidančevska, J. Ranogajec","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210904016j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210904016j","url":null,"abstract":"This work illustrates the prediction of frost action mechanisms on ceramic compacts, as well as their biocorrosion resistance to fungus action. The ceramic compacts were produced from two raw materials: coal fly ash (40 wt. %) and clay material (60 wt. %). The ceramics models were made in laboratory conditions by pressing (P = 45 MPa), drying (105?C, 3h) and sintering (1100?C, 1h; heating rates 3?C/min and 10?C/min.). The mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the designed ceramic compacts were defined based on the values of the total porosity, pore size distribution, pore critical radius and the Maage factor, as well as on the values of water permeability. The process of biocorrosion was investigated by using Aspergillus niger fungus as a model microorganism. The different degrees of fungus colonization on the designed compacts were comparatively analysed based on the results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation. The gained results are encouraging as they show that the utilization of fly ash (40 wt. %) in ceramic composites is possible without significantly deterioration of their durability (frost action and microbiological corrosion resistance) compared with the ones whose production was based only on clay material.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The challenging task in our ecosystem is to reduce acidic gas emissions to some extent. Many gases are emitted from the industries like H2S, CO, CO2, SO2, NO, and NO2 as exhaust gases. Among these gases CO2, NO2 and SO2 are known as acidic gases which result in adverse effects on human beings, animals, and plants. Owing to the increase in the emission of CO2 gases from both anthropogenic and industrial sources, it has resulted in CO2 mitigation studies. CO2 absorption studies have been carried out by employing iron oxide nanofluid with the novel structured packed absorption column. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using XRD analysis, SEM analysis, and TEM analysis. Ammonia is used as an absorbent along with iron oxide nanofluid of three different concentrations (0.0001 w/v%, 0.001 w/v%, and 0.0015 w/v%). It was found that the iron oxide nanofluid of 0.0015 w/v% showed an improved % CO2 removal efficiency. This enhanced % CO2 removal efficiency was due to the increased interfacial area of the ameliorated contact between the liquid and gas phase. Along with the packed column the magnetic field was introduced, which resulted in increased % CO2 removal efficiency of 1.5%.
{"title":"CO2 mitigation studies in packed absorption column using iron oxide nano fluid","authors":"P. Selvi, R. Baskar","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210510023s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210510023s","url":null,"abstract":"The challenging task in our ecosystem is to reduce acidic gas emissions to some extent. Many gases are emitted from the industries like H2S, CO, CO2, SO2, NO, and NO2 as exhaust gases. Among these gases CO2, NO2 and SO2 are known as acidic gases which result in adverse effects on human beings, animals, and plants. Owing to the increase in the emission of CO2 gases from both anthropogenic and industrial sources, it has resulted in CO2 mitigation studies. CO2 absorption studies have been carried out by employing iron oxide nanofluid with the novel structured packed absorption column. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using XRD analysis, SEM analysis, and TEM analysis. Ammonia is used as an absorbent along with iron oxide nanofluid of three different concentrations (0.0001 w/v%, 0.001 w/v%, and 0.0015 w/v%). It was found that the iron oxide nanofluid of 0.0015 w/v% showed an improved % CO2 removal efficiency. This enhanced % CO2 removal efficiency was due to the increased interfacial area of the ameliorated contact between the liquid and gas phase. Along with the packed column the magnetic field was introduced, which resulted in increased % CO2 removal efficiency of 1.5%.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selma Kayacan‐Cakmakoglu, İ. Atik, P. Akman, I. Doymaz, O. Sağdıç, S. Karasu
This study aims to investigate the effect of different infrared powers (IP) (38, 50, 62, 74, and 88 W) on drying kinetics, total phenolic content (TPC) and individual phenolics, antioxidant activity (AA) and antibacterial activity, and color quality of sage leaves. IP level significantly affected (p<0.05) drying kinetics and bioactive contents and color quality of sage leaves. Higher TPC and AA were obtained from the sample dried at 88 W. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and luteolin were found as major phenolic compounds and their higher levels were obtained from the samples dried at IP level of 88 W. All samples showed antibacterial activity on test pathogens. A higher correlation was observed between TPC, rosmarinic acid level, and antibacterial activity (P>0.80). This study suggested that sage leaves should be dried at 88 W regarding lower drying times and color changes, lower phenolic degradation, and higher antibacterial activity.
{"title":"Effect of the different infrared levels on some properties of sage leaves","authors":"Selma Kayacan‐Cakmakoglu, İ. Atik, P. Akman, I. Doymaz, O. Sağdıç, S. Karasu","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220429030k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220429030k","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effect of different infrared powers (IP) (38, 50, 62, 74, and 88 W) on drying kinetics, total phenolic content (TPC) and individual phenolics, antioxidant activity (AA) and antibacterial activity, and color quality of sage leaves. IP level significantly affected (p<0.05) drying kinetics and bioactive contents and color quality of sage leaves. Higher TPC and AA were obtained from the sample dried at 88 W. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and luteolin were found as major phenolic compounds and their higher levels were obtained from the samples dried at IP level of 88 W. All samples showed antibacterial activity on test pathogens. A higher correlation was observed between TPC, rosmarinic acid level, and antibacterial activity (P>0.80). This study suggested that sage leaves should be dried at 88 W regarding lower drying times and color changes, lower phenolic degradation, and higher antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of drying kinetics and characteristics of agricultural products is essential for drying time estimation, designing dryers, and optimizing the drying process. Moisture diffusivity under different drying conditions is crucial to process and equipment design. The drying kinetics of paddy using a cabinet tray dryer was modeled using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. For predicting moisture ratio and drying rate, the Levenberg-Marquardt (L.M.) training algorithm with TANSIGMOID and TANSIGMOID hidden layer activation function provided superior results. A comparative evaluation of the predicting abilities of ANN and 12 different mathematical drying models was also carried out. The Midilli model was found to be adequate for fitting the experimental data with an R2 comparable to that of the ANN. However, the RMSE observed for ANN (0.0360) was significantly lower than that of the midilli model (0.1673 to 0.712). Effective moisture diffusivity increased with an increase in temperature from 15.05 to 28.5 x 10-9 m2/s. The activation energy for drying paddy grains varied between 6.8 to 7.3 kJ/mol, which showed a moderate energy requirement for moisture diffusion.
{"title":"Artificial neural network modeling for drying kinetics of paddy using a cabinet tray dryer","authors":"R. Subramanyam, Meyyappan Narayanan","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220106017s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220106017s","url":null,"abstract":"The study of drying kinetics and characteristics of agricultural products is essential for drying time estimation, designing dryers, and optimizing the drying process. Moisture diffusivity under different drying conditions is crucial to process and equipment design. The drying kinetics of paddy using a cabinet tray dryer was modeled using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. For predicting moisture ratio and drying rate, the Levenberg-Marquardt (L.M.) training algorithm with TANSIGMOID and TANSIGMOID hidden layer activation function provided superior results. A comparative evaluation of the predicting abilities of ANN and 12 different mathematical drying models was also carried out. The Midilli model was found to be adequate for fitting the experimental data with an R2 comparable to that of the ANN. However, the RMSE observed for ANN (0.0360) was significantly lower than that of the midilli model (0.1673 to 0.712). Effective moisture diffusivity increased with an increase in temperature from 15.05 to 28.5 x 10-9 m2/s. The activation energy for drying paddy grains varied between 6.8 to 7.3 kJ/mol, which showed a moderate energy requirement for moisture diffusion.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Cvetković, O. Šovljanski, Aleksandra Ranitović, A. Tomić, S. Markov, D. Savić, B. Danilović, L. Pezo
Kombucha as a tea-based fermented beverage has become progressively widespread, mainly in the functional food market because of health-improving benefits. As part of a daily diet for adults and children, kombucha stood out as a valuable non-alcoholic drink containing beneficial mixtures of organic acids, minerals, vitamins, proteins, polyphenols, etc. The influence of specific surface area of vessel, inoculum size, and initial tea concentration as operating parameters and fermentation time as output variable on the efficiency of kombucha fermentation was examined. The focus of this study is optimization and standardization of kombucha fermentation conditions using Box-Behnken's experimental design and applying an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model for the fermentation process. The Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno iterative algorithm was used to accelerate the calculation. The obtained ANN models for the pH value and titratable acidity showed good prediction capabilities (the r2 values during the training cycle for output variables were 0.990 and 0.994, respectively). Predictive ANN modelling demonstrated to be effective and reliable in establishing optimum kombucha fermentation process using selected operating parameters.
{"title":"An artificial neural network as a tool for kombucha fermentation improvement","authors":"D. Cvetković, O. Šovljanski, Aleksandra Ranitović, A. Tomić, S. Markov, D. Savić, B. Danilović, L. Pezo","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211013002c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211013002c","url":null,"abstract":"Kombucha as a tea-based fermented beverage has become progressively widespread, mainly in the functional food market because of health-improving benefits. As part of a daily diet for adults and children, kombucha stood out as a valuable non-alcoholic drink containing beneficial mixtures of organic acids, minerals, vitamins, proteins, polyphenols, etc. The influence of specific surface area of vessel, inoculum size, and initial tea concentration as operating parameters and fermentation time as output variable on the efficiency of kombucha fermentation was examined. The focus of this study is optimization and standardization of kombucha fermentation conditions using Box-Behnken's experimental design and applying an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model for the fermentation process. The Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno iterative algorithm was used to accelerate the calculation. The obtained ANN models for the pH value and titratable acidity showed good prediction capabilities (the r2 values during the training cycle for output variables were 0.990 and 0.994, respectively). Predictive ANN modelling demonstrated to be effective and reliable in establishing optimum kombucha fermentation process using selected operating parameters.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Srinivasan, Nesakumar Dharmakkan, M. Vishnu, H. Prasath, Ramaraj Gokul, Ganeshan Thiyagarajan, Govindasamy Sivasubramani, Balachandran Moulidharan
Improving heat transfer performance of conventional fluid creates significant energy savings in process Industries. In this aspect, experimental study was performed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of Fe2O3-Water (W)-Engine Oil (EO) nanofluid at different concentrations and different hot fluid inlet temperatures in a plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted by mixing Fe2O3 nanoparticle (45 nm) in a base fluid of water-engine oil mixture with volume fractions of 5%EO + 95%W and 10%EO +90%W. Main aim of the present study is to assess the impact of variations in nanoparticle volume fraction and hot fluid inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance of prepared nanofluid. Based on the experimental results, convective heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds, Prandtl and Nusselt number were determined. Result shows that at the hot fluid inlet temperature of 75?C, the increase in Nusselt number and convective heat transfer co efficient are optimum at 0.9 vol. % nanoparticle for both the base fluid mixtures. The increase in heat transfer coefficient is because of the Brownian motion (increasing thermal conductivity) effect, motion caused by temperature gradient (Thermo-phoretic) and motion due to concentration gradient (Osmophoretic). If the volume fraction of nanoparticle increases then Reynolds number increment is higher than Prandtl number decrement, which augments Nusselt number as well as convective heat transfer coefficient.
{"title":"Heat transfer studies in a plate heat exchanger using Fe2O3-water-engine oil nanofluid","authors":"P. Srinivasan, Nesakumar Dharmakkan, M. Vishnu, H. Prasath, Ramaraj Gokul, Ganeshan Thiyagarajan, Govindasamy Sivasubramani, Balachandran Moulidharan","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220430029s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220430029s","url":null,"abstract":"Improving heat transfer performance of conventional fluid creates significant energy savings in process Industries. In this aspect, experimental study was performed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of Fe2O3-Water (W)-Engine Oil (EO) nanofluid at different concentrations and different hot fluid inlet temperatures in a plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted by mixing Fe2O3 nanoparticle (45 nm) in a base fluid of water-engine oil mixture with volume fractions of 5%EO + 95%W and 10%EO +90%W. Main aim of the present study is to assess the impact of variations in nanoparticle volume fraction and hot fluid inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance of prepared nanofluid. Based on the experimental results, convective heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds, Prandtl and Nusselt number were determined. Result shows that at the hot fluid inlet temperature of 75?C, the increase in Nusselt number and convective heat transfer co efficient are optimum at 0.9 vol. % nanoparticle for both the base fluid mixtures. The increase in heat transfer coefficient is because of the Brownian motion (increasing thermal conductivity) effect, motion caused by temperature gradient (Thermo-phoretic) and motion due to concentration gradient (Osmophoretic). If the volume fraction of nanoparticle increases then Reynolds number increment is higher than Prandtl number decrement, which augments Nusselt number as well as convective heat transfer coefficient.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geopolymer foams, due to their favorable production conditions and promising properties (e.g. low shrinkage after foaming, mechanical and chemical stability, high temperature resistance) are suitable for use as heat- and sound insulating as well as refractory building materials. Another promising field of application may be their use as catalyst supports in water treatment. Metakaolin based foams were prepared by direct foaming process with high total porosity (> 75 vol%), low bulk density (< 500 kg/m3), approximately 1 MPa compressive strength and low thermal conductivity (0.095 W/mK). By varying the concentration of foaming agent (H2O2 solution) and stabilizing agent (sodium oleate), it is possible to produce foams with designed porosity and pore size distribution. Foams with mainly closed pores are suitable for thermal insulation, while those with significantly open pores can use as catalyst supports. The computed tomography images showed that the concentration of stabilizing agent is a key parameter in the formation of a homogeneous pore structure and open pores; up to 24 vol% open porosity can be achieved without significantly affecting other properties. The physical properties of the foams are equally influenced by the thickness of cell walls and the size of the cells themselves.
{"title":"Foamed geopolymer with customized pore structure","authors":"Ida Balczár, Adrienn Boros, A. Kovacs, T. Korim","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211007003b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211007003b","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer foams, due to their favorable production conditions and promising properties (e.g. low shrinkage after foaming, mechanical and chemical stability, high temperature resistance) are suitable for use as heat- and sound insulating as well as refractory building materials. Another promising field of application may be their use as catalyst supports in water treatment. Metakaolin based foams were prepared by direct foaming process with high total porosity (> 75 vol%), low bulk density (< 500 kg/m3), approximately 1 MPa compressive strength and low thermal conductivity (0.095 W/mK). By varying the concentration of foaming agent (H2O2 solution) and stabilizing agent (sodium oleate), it is possible to produce foams with designed porosity and pore size distribution. Foams with mainly closed pores are suitable for thermal insulation, while those with significantly open pores can use as catalyst supports. The computed tomography images showed that the concentration of stabilizing agent is a key parameter in the formation of a homogeneous pore structure and open pores; up to 24 vol% open porosity can be achieved without significantly affecting other properties. The physical properties of the foams are equally influenced by the thickness of cell walls and the size of the cells themselves.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Among various types of fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered one of the most promising candidates for the next generation power sources because of high power densities, zero-emission, and low operation temperature. In order to understand and study the PEMFC phenomena, modeling has achieved huge attention and interest in recent years. This article reviews recent progress in PEMFC modeling. Empirical/semi-empirical, analytical and mechanistic models, zero to three dimensional models, multiphase flow models such as multiphase mixture, multi-fluid and VOF model are different types of PEMFC modeling approaches respectively in terms of parametric, dimensional and two or three-phase flow. The present study enlightens the importance of combining different modeling strategies and parameter identification in PEMFC modeling to achieve precise models to reduce the time and cost of experiments.
{"title":"A review on modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"Sahra Hamdollahi, Luo Jun","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220126014h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220126014h","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Among various types of fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered one of the most promising candidates for the next generation power sources because of high power densities, zero-emission, and low operation temperature. In order to understand and study the PEMFC phenomena, modeling has achieved huge attention and interest in recent years. This article reviews recent progress in PEMFC modeling. Empirical/semi-empirical, analytical and mechanistic models, zero to three dimensional models, multiphase flow models such as multiphase mixture, multi-fluid and VOF model are different types of PEMFC modeling approaches respectively in terms of parametric, dimensional and two or three-phase flow. The present study enlightens the importance of combining different modeling strategies and parameter identification in PEMFC modeling to achieve precise models to reduce the time and cost of experiments.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variable speed drives are the most promising technique to reduce electric motors energy consumption. This paper discusses energy savings achieved by installing variable speed drives to control rotating equipment motors such as pumps, compressors, blowers, and fans in oil processing facilities. In addition to energy savings, variable speed drives will improve overall equipment efficiency, increase reliability, and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. An Energy audit was performed on a case study to investigate energy consumption for all electric motors. Technical and operational constraints for installing and operating variable speed drives have been discussed. Installation requires adjustments in operation schedules and parameters to allow reducing energy consumption. The case study has illustrated how to calculate energy savings for Pipelines, air coolers, air blowers for furnaces, pumps with variable flow rates and reciprocating compressing systems. Variable speed drives were technically and economically accepted in air blowers, fans, and pumps. Energy consumption and greenhouse gases have been reduced by 67%, Payback period for the whole project was less than 1 year. Meanwhile, it was not valid for reciprocating compressors as the Payback period was 6.2 years.
{"title":"Evaluation of variable speed drives to improve energy efficiency and reduce gas emissions: Case study","authors":"M. Sadek, R. El-Maghraby, Mohamed M. Fathy","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220318018s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220318018s","url":null,"abstract":"Variable speed drives are the most promising technique to reduce electric motors energy consumption. This paper discusses energy savings achieved by installing variable speed drives to control rotating equipment motors such as pumps, compressors, blowers, and fans in oil processing facilities. In addition to energy savings, variable speed drives will improve overall equipment efficiency, increase reliability, and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. An Energy audit was performed on a case study to investigate energy consumption for all electric motors. Technical and operational constraints for installing and operating variable speed drives have been discussed. Installation requires adjustments in operation schedules and parameters to allow reducing energy consumption. The case study has illustrated how to calculate energy savings for Pipelines, air coolers, air blowers for furnaces, pumps with variable flow rates and reciprocating compressing systems. Variable speed drives were technically and economically accepted in air blowers, fans, and pumps. Energy consumption and greenhouse gases have been reduced by 67%, Payback period for the whole project was less than 1 year. Meanwhile, it was not valid for reciprocating compressors as the Payback period was 6.2 years.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro hole is the fundamental feature found in any device/components. Hence this paper aims to produces the micro holes using electrochemical micromachining (EMM). The existing machining techniques in EMM for creating micro holes are associated with more overcut (OC). Hence, it is very essential to reduce OC and enhance the machining rate (MR). This paper aspires to investigate the effect of graphite electrode with magnetic force on copper plate. Four different tools namely electromagnetic graphite tool (EMGT), permanent magnet graphite tool (PMGT), graphite tool and stainless steel (SS) tool are employed for these experiments. The major influencing factors are machining voltage in volts, duty cycle in % and electrolyte concentration in g/l was considered on MR and OC. The results exposed that EMGT, PMGT and graphite electrodes produce MR of 106.4%, 74.6 % and 44.5 % over SS tool at parameter level of 23 g/l, 15 V, and 85% respectively. Graphite and EMGT electrode resulting in 11.9% and 3.41 % reduced OC respectively than SS tool at parameter level of 8V, 95% and 28 g/l. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture examination is conducted to identify the magnetic field effect on the work surface.
{"title":"Enhancing MRR and accuracy with magnetized graphite tool in electrochemical micromachining of copper","authors":"Venugopal Palaniswamy, Kaliappan Seeniappan, Thanigaivelan Rajasekaran, Natrayan Lakshmaiya","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220731027p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220731027p","url":null,"abstract":"Micro hole is the fundamental feature found in any device/components. Hence this paper aims to produces the micro holes using electrochemical micromachining (EMM). The existing machining techniques in EMM for creating micro holes are associated with more overcut (OC). Hence, it is very essential to reduce OC and enhance the machining rate (MR). This paper aspires to investigate the effect of graphite electrode with magnetic force on copper plate. Four different tools namely electromagnetic graphite tool (EMGT), permanent magnet graphite tool (PMGT), graphite tool and stainless steel (SS) tool are employed for these experiments. The major influencing factors are machining voltage in volts, duty cycle in % and electrolyte concentration in g/l was considered on MR and OC. The results exposed that EMGT, PMGT and graphite electrodes produce MR of 106.4%, 74.6 % and 44.5 % over SS tool at parameter level of 23 g/l, 15 V, and 85% respectively. Graphite and EMGT electrode resulting in 11.9% and 3.41 % reduced OC respectively than SS tool at parameter level of 8V, 95% and 28 g/l. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture examination is conducted to identify the magnetic field effect on the work surface.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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