Eu doped Aluminum oxide transparent conducting powder were preparedbysolid state reactionmethod. Structural properties of the samples were investigated as a function of various Eu-dopinglevels (x=0.00-0.0012-0.0016-0.002-0.003). The results of x-ray diffraction haveshown that the samples are polycrystalline structure in tetragonal phase with preferential orientationsalong the (400) for all samples The relative intensities, distance between crystalline planes (d),crystallite size (D) and lattice parameters (a), (c) were determined. Infrared Spectroscopyhave been studied by Infrared Spectrometer Device. Keywords : powder, Eu doped Aluminum Oxide, solid state reaction, Structural properties,Infrared Spectroscopy. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-4-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
{"title":"Studying Effect of Eu Doping on the Structural Properties and Infrared Spectroscopy of Aluminum Oxide powders by Solid State Reaction Method","authors":"Abd almajed krawe","doi":"10.7176/cmr/12-4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/12-4-02","url":null,"abstract":"Eu doped Aluminum oxide transparent conducting powder were preparedbysolid state reactionmethod. Structural properties of the samples were investigated as a function of various Eu-dopinglevels (x=0.00-0.0012-0.0016-0.002-0.003). The results of x-ray diffraction haveshown that the samples are polycrystalline structure in tetragonal phase with preferential orientationsalong the (400) for all samples The relative intensities, distance between crystalline planes (d),crystallite size (D) and lattice parameters (a), (c) were determined. Infrared Spectroscopyhave been studied by Infrared Spectrometer Device. Keywords : powder, Eu doped Aluminum Oxide, solid state reaction, Structural properties,Infrared Spectroscopy. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-4-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"47 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nanocrystals of semiconducting metal oxides have attracted great attention because of their interesting properties. Therefore, our study of some physical properties of the pure and Sb doping Tin Oxide powder , The measurement of the infrared spectrum of pure tin oxide powder shows vibrational frequencies (415.585 - 574.683 - 1641.13 – 2125.3- 3432.67) cm -1 and for Sb doping tin oxide ;(x=0.01) shows vibration frequencies and the most prominent is (589.147- 1384.64 – 1637.27 – 3515.04) cm -1 , the study showed that the greatest value of the absorbance and absorption coefficient was in pure sample respectively A = 0.725, α = 16.687 cm -1 corresponding to the wavenumber ʋ = 574.683cm -1 , the the greatest value of the optical conductivity was in doping sample 0.0833(Ωcm) -1 corresponding to the wavenumber ʋ = 589.147cm -1 and the refractive index for pure tin oxide ranged from [1.832 - 2.371]. As for the Sb doping Tin Oxide powder, the refractive index value was between [1.937 – 2.562]. Keywords : Tin Oxide - infrared spectrum - absorbance - absorption coefficient - refractive index - optical conductivity. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/10-5-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2020
{"title":"Studying the Infrared Spectroscopy of the SnO2: Sb (x= 0.00,0.01) Powders","authors":"Ahmad Khoudro","doi":"10.7176/cmr/10-5-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/10-5-02","url":null,"abstract":"The nanocrystals of semiconducting metal oxides have attracted great attention because of their interesting properties. Therefore, our study of some physical properties of the pure and Sb doping Tin Oxide powder , The measurement of the infrared spectrum of pure tin oxide powder shows vibrational frequencies (415.585 - 574.683 - 1641.13 – 2125.3- 3432.67) cm -1 and for Sb doping tin oxide ;(x=0.01) shows vibration frequencies and the most prominent is (589.147- 1384.64 – 1637.27 – 3515.04) cm -1 , the study showed that the greatest value of the absorbance and absorption coefficient was in pure sample respectively A = 0.725, α = 16.687 cm -1 corresponding to the wavenumber ʋ = 574.683cm -1 , the the greatest value of the optical conductivity was in doping sample 0.0833(Ωcm) -1 corresponding to the wavenumber ʋ = 589.147cm -1 and the refractive index for pure tin oxide ranged from [1.832 - 2.371]. As for the Sb doping Tin Oxide powder, the refractive index value was between [1.937 – 2.562]. Keywords : Tin Oxide - infrared spectrum - absorbance - absorption coefficient - refractive index - optical conductivity. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/10-5-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"35 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77523843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma in cows. It is caused by multiple pathogens that result in economic losses because of the reduction in milk production and poor quality of the milk. It is commonly caused by bacteria that multiply in the mammary gland and regional lymph nodes, damaging the mammary parenchyma. The present study focuses on the bovine mastitis treating capacity of zinc oxide nanoparticles by examining in vitro antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC against pathogens isolated and identified from sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized both chemically and green methods from a plant extract of Coriandrum sativum and characterized for phase and microstructural analysis. The milk sample from subclinical mastitis cows was collected from the veterinary hospital. The bacteriological examination revealed the presence of S. aureus and E. coli . The antibacterial activity of the zinc oxide nanoparticle was evaluated at 650, 850, 1300, 1700, 1950 and 2500 µg/ml concentrations and the minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 650 µg/ml and 850 µg/ml for S.aureus and E.coli respectively, and minimum bactericidal concentration was 650 µg/ml and 1700 µg/ml for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, bovine subclinical Mastitis, Coriandrum sativum, chemical synthesis, green synthesis, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, zinc oxide nanoparticles DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-10-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"The Possibility of Using Zinc Oxide Nano Particles for Treatment of Bovine-Subclinical Mastitis, in Vitro Antibacterial Activity","authors":"R. Ghosh","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-10-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-10-01","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma in cows. It is caused by multiple pathogens that result in economic losses because of the reduction in milk production and poor quality of the milk. It is commonly caused by bacteria that multiply in the mammary gland and regional lymph nodes, damaging the mammary parenchyma. The present study focuses on the bovine mastitis treating capacity of zinc oxide nanoparticles by examining in vitro antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC against pathogens isolated and identified from sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized both chemically and green methods from a plant extract of Coriandrum sativum and characterized for phase and microstructural analysis. The milk sample from subclinical mastitis cows was collected from the veterinary hospital. The bacteriological examination revealed the presence of S. aureus and E. coli . The antibacterial activity of the zinc oxide nanoparticle was evaluated at 650, 850, 1300, 1700, 1950 and 2500 µg/ml concentrations and the minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 650 µg/ml and 850 µg/ml for S.aureus and E.coli respectively, and minimum bactericidal concentration was 650 µg/ml and 1700 µg/ml for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, bovine subclinical Mastitis, Coriandrum sativum, chemical synthesis, green synthesis, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, zinc oxide nanoparticles DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-10-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81957662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater which constitutes high percent of the global fresh water is one of the most important sources of drinking water. When polluted, groundwater has deleterious effects on its users. Consequently, the quality and pollution of groundwater is a health concern in the world. The focus of the study is to evaluate the impact of seasonal variation on the quality of groundwater within the study areaHundred (100) boreholes spread to cover the study area were sampled. The water samples were analyzed using standard procedures for assessing drinking water qualities in order to determine the condition of groundwater quality within the study area. Statistical analysis of the groundwater quality data was done using weighted average index method to determine the water quality index and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess the impact of seasonal variation. Result of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) which was employed to assess the presence of seasonal variability revealed that the calculated partial Eta squared of the Pillai’s trace statistics was 1.00 which indicates 100% variability among the dependent variables occasioned by seasonal change. Keywords: Multivariate statistics, Seasonal variation, Water quality index, Pillai’s trace statistics and Partial Eta squared. DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-10-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Seasonal Variability on Groundwater Quality using Multivariate Analysis of Variance","authors":"O. Izinyon, L. I. Meindinyo, I. Ilaboya","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-10-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-10-05","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater which constitutes high percent of the global fresh water is one of the most important sources of drinking water. When polluted, groundwater has deleterious effects on its users. Consequently, the quality and pollution of groundwater is a health concern in the world. The focus of the study is to evaluate the impact of seasonal variation on the quality of groundwater within the study areaHundred (100) boreholes spread to cover the study area were sampled. The water samples were analyzed using standard procedures for assessing drinking water qualities in order to determine the condition of groundwater quality within the study area. Statistical analysis of the groundwater quality data was done using weighted average index method to determine the water quality index and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess the impact of seasonal variation. Result of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) which was employed to assess the presence of seasonal variability revealed that the calculated partial Eta squared of the Pillai’s trace statistics was 1.00 which indicates 100% variability among the dependent variables occasioned by seasonal change. Keywords: Multivariate statistics, Seasonal variation, Water quality index, Pillai’s trace statistics and Partial Eta squared. DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-10-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of two coriander variety (Indium and Dinqnesh) produced in Ethiopia. The essential oil content was obtained by hydro distillation method with Clevenger apparatus. The chemical profiles of two varieties were identified using GC-MS. The essential oil content of the dried seeds was 0.60% for Dinqnesh and 0.50% for Indium varieties, respectively. About thirty four and fifty one different compounds were identified from essential oil of Indium and Dinqnesh varieties, respectively. Linalool was found to be the principal constituent for both varieties. The variety Indium had higher linalool content (76.45%) than Dinqnesh (58.85%). Other major components identified were Geranyl acetate (5.60% for Indium and 4.04% for Dinqnesh variety), γ-terpinene (6.76% for Dinqnesh variety and 2.83% for Indium) and α-pinene (6.15% for Dinqnesh and 4.90% for Indium) were identified. Bicycle [2,2,2] heptan-2one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S) and Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl) were a compounds found only in Dinqnesh Variety and yielded 6.54% and 1.28%, respectively. With comparing the chemical composition of both variety essential oil constituents to other origin or standard requirements, both varieties meet the potential for nutritional and export standard requirement. Keywords: Coriander, essential oil, chemical composition, quality DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-9-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2019
{"title":"Chemical Composition of Essential Oils From Released Coriander Variety (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in Ethiopia","authors":"Biruk Hirko","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-9-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-9-01","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of two coriander variety (Indium and Dinqnesh) produced in Ethiopia. The essential oil content was obtained by hydro distillation method with Clevenger apparatus. The chemical profiles of two varieties were identified using GC-MS. The essential oil content of the dried seeds was 0.60% for Dinqnesh and 0.50% for Indium varieties, respectively. About thirty four and fifty one different compounds were identified from essential oil of Indium and Dinqnesh varieties, respectively. Linalool was found to be the principal constituent for both varieties. The variety Indium had higher linalool content (76.45%) than Dinqnesh (58.85%). Other major components identified were Geranyl acetate (5.60% for Indium and 4.04% for Dinqnesh variety), γ-terpinene (6.76% for Dinqnesh variety and 2.83% for Indium) and α-pinene (6.15% for Dinqnesh and 4.90% for Indium) were identified. Bicycle [2,2,2] heptan-2one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S) and Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl) were a compounds found only in Dinqnesh Variety and yielded 6.54% and 1.28%, respectively. With comparing the chemical composition of both variety essential oil constituents to other origin or standard requirements, both varieties meet the potential for nutritional and export standard requirement. Keywords: Coriander, essential oil, chemical composition, quality DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-9-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. K. Vowotor, S. S. Sackey, C. Amuah, A. Huzortey, Dennis M. Ahorlu, Godwin Kortey, Dickson Kuvedzi
This project was funded by The Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy (DRIC) and the Management of the University of Cape Coast. It was sponsored as a Group-led Research involving researchers from the Department of Physics during the third call for proposals for Research Support Grants (RSGs) in 2018 Abstract Table salt is essential for life and if it contains metal impurities, it can affect the people that consume it. The Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem municipality makes salt by evaporating brine from the Benya Lagoon. Benya lagoon is a lagoon known to be polluted due to various anthropogenic activities within its environs. The concentration of eight metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn) Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and Vanadium (V) have been determined in salt mined using water from the Benya lagoon. Salt samples were selected from five fixed-sampling stations and the concentrations of the metals determined using Neutron Activation Analysis. The ranges of the measured concentrations in the salts are as follows: 161.04-632.63 mg/kg for Al, 0.001-0.004 mg/kg for As, 1.50-2.70 mg/kg for Mg, 49.14-3883.00 mg/kg for Mg, 17.24-110.96 mg/kg for Mn, and 2.85-7.10 mg/kg for V. An assessment according to the metal concentration marked Mg as the most abundant, whiles Cd and Pb the least being 0.001 mg/kg at all the five stations. Principal Component Analysis also established Mg to be the most abundant metal, and used to identify two major clusters; Group 1 (stations 4 and 5) and Group 2 (stations 1, 2 and 3). Group 2 recorded higher intensities of Mg. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, significant correlations were drawn between Al and Mg (r = - 0.862), Mg and Mn (r = 0.863) and Mn and V (r = 0.735), indicating the same or similar source inputs for each pair. Comparison with Codex Standard for Food Grade Salt showed that concentration values recorded for Al, Mg and Mn were above recommended limits. The contamination factor (C F ) and degree of contamination (C D ) confirmed this level of contamination for Al, Mg and Mn for all the five Stations, with Station 2 recording the highest Degree of Contamination. the least and corroborated salt from station 2 as most contaminated considering the combined toxicity at each station. Using an average daily salt intake of 6,000 mg, the mean daily intake of the elements when one consumes salt mined from the Benya lagoon was found to be above each element’s Upper Tolerable Limit of its Recommended Dietary Allowable for the various Life Stage Groups. The associated Hazard Index suggests the probability of adverse effects when consumed. High standard deviation values for Al and Mn indicated the non-uniform spatial distribution of the individual metal contaminates at the various stations. Keywords: Benya Lagoon; salt; heavy metal; contamination factor; degree of contamination, neutron activation analysis; recommended daily allowance, GHARR-1 DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-8-06
{"title":"Neutron Activation Analysis as a tool to Determine Concentration of Selected Metals in Table Salt Mined from Benya Lagoon, Ghana","authors":"M. K. Vowotor, S. S. Sackey, C. Amuah, A. Huzortey, Dennis M. Ahorlu, Godwin Kortey, Dickson Kuvedzi","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-8-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-8-06","url":null,"abstract":"This project was funded by The Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy (DRIC) and the Management of the University of Cape Coast. It was sponsored as a Group-led Research involving researchers from the Department of Physics during the third call for proposals for Research Support Grants (RSGs) in 2018 Abstract Table salt is essential for life and if it contains metal impurities, it can affect the people that consume it. The Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem municipality makes salt by evaporating brine from the Benya Lagoon. Benya lagoon is a lagoon known to be polluted due to various anthropogenic activities within its environs. The concentration of eight metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn) Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and Vanadium (V) have been determined in salt mined using water from the Benya lagoon. Salt samples were selected from five fixed-sampling stations and the concentrations of the metals determined using Neutron Activation Analysis. The ranges of the measured concentrations in the salts are as follows: 161.04-632.63 mg/kg for Al, 0.001-0.004 mg/kg for As, 1.50-2.70 mg/kg for Mg, 49.14-3883.00 mg/kg for Mg, 17.24-110.96 mg/kg for Mn, and 2.85-7.10 mg/kg for V. An assessment according to the metal concentration marked Mg as the most abundant, whiles Cd and Pb the least being 0.001 mg/kg at all the five stations. Principal Component Analysis also established Mg to be the most abundant metal, and used to identify two major clusters; Group 1 (stations 4 and 5) and Group 2 (stations 1, 2 and 3). Group 2 recorded higher intensities of Mg. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, significant correlations were drawn between Al and Mg (r = - 0.862), Mg and Mn (r = 0.863) and Mn and V (r = 0.735), indicating the same or similar source inputs for each pair. Comparison with Codex Standard for Food Grade Salt showed that concentration values recorded for Al, Mg and Mn were above recommended limits. The contamination factor (C F ) and degree of contamination (C D ) confirmed this level of contamination for Al, Mg and Mn for all the five Stations, with Station 2 recording the highest Degree of Contamination. the least and corroborated salt from station 2 as most contaminated considering the combined toxicity at each station. Using an average daily salt intake of 6,000 mg, the mean daily intake of the elements when one consumes salt mined from the Benya lagoon was found to be above each element’s Upper Tolerable Limit of its Recommended Dietary Allowable for the various Life Stage Groups. The associated Hazard Index suggests the probability of adverse effects when consumed. High standard deviation values for Al and Mn indicated the non-uniform spatial distribution of the individual metal contaminates at the various stations. Keywords: Benya Lagoon; salt; heavy metal; contamination factor; degree of contamination, neutron activation analysis; recommended daily allowance, GHARR-1 DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-8-06 ","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83087911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to determine some essential minerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) content of honey produced in Chena Woreda, Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia. For mineral analysis, nine (9) honey samples each of 0.5 to 1 kg were obtained from Chena district. Sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium content of honey samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) observed between honey samples. The honey sample SC 1 had significantly (p < 0.05) highest calcium content (551.9 ± 21.9 mg/kg) and potassium (70.17 ± 1.24 mg/kg). The result also showed that sample SC 2 had significantly higher (p < 0.05) sodium (283.7 ± 18.7 mg/kg) and magnesium (47.7 ± 2.12 mg/kg) than other honey samples. Results obtained in this study, indicated that tested honey produced in Chena district are good for human consumption. More research should be conducted periodically on the elemental content of honey to indicate their origin and track the development of pollutants in particular areas. Keywords: Essential elements; honey; potassium; calcium; magnesium; sodium DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-01 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
{"title":"Determination of Some Essential Minerals in Honey Samples Collected from Chena District, Ethiopia","authors":"Dekamo Fiseha Lomiso","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-7-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-7-01","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine some essential minerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) content of honey produced in Chena Woreda, Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia. For mineral analysis, nine (9) honey samples each of 0.5 to 1 kg were obtained from Chena district. Sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium content of honey samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) observed between honey samples. The honey sample SC 1 had significantly (p < 0.05) highest calcium content (551.9 ± 21.9 mg/kg) and potassium (70.17 ± 1.24 mg/kg). The result also showed that sample SC 2 had significantly higher (p < 0.05) sodium (283.7 ± 18.7 mg/kg) and magnesium (47.7 ± 2.12 mg/kg) than other honey samples. Results obtained in this study, indicated that tested honey produced in Chena district are good for human consumption. More research should be conducted periodically on the elemental content of honey to indicate their origin and track the development of pollutants in particular areas. Keywords: Essential elements; honey; potassium; calcium; magnesium; sodium DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-01 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ogunmodede, J. Johnson, R. Osunlana, S. Olarenwaju, H. Ndu-Okeke
Nanomaterials have gained much relevant in the world of science due to their applications in catalysis, wastewater treatment and desulfurization of fossil fuels, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and medicine. The green approach of nanoparticle synthesis employs the use of non-toxic reagents and is now preferred to the other methods which include thermal decomposition, electrochemical, photochemical, microwave assisted process chemical methods. Silver nanoparticle was biosynthesized using flower extract of Musa acuminata as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was confirmed by the colour change after addition of the flower extract of Musa acuminata into silver nitrate solution. The silver nanoparticle was characterized by UV–Visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The result of SEM reveals the formation of silver nanoparticle which was spherical in shape with varying sizes ranged between 20-30 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticle gave absorption at 375 nm, revealed silver metal as the most abundant element, vibrational bands indicating the presence of quinone, amides and conjugated ketone which served as reducing and capping agent. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed potent antibacterial activity and the economical synthesis of silver nanoparticle from aqueous flower extract of Musa acuminata which is ecofriendly. Keywords :Green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; flower extract; capping agents; antibacterial activity; scanning electron microscopy. DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-02 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
{"title":"Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Musa Acuminata Aqueous Flower Extract and Its Anti-Microbial Activities","authors":"O. Ogunmodede, J. Johnson, R. Osunlana, S. Olarenwaju, H. Ndu-Okeke","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-7-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-7-02","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterials have gained much relevant in the world of science due to their applications in catalysis, wastewater treatment and desulfurization of fossil fuels, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and medicine. The green approach of nanoparticle synthesis employs the use of non-toxic reagents and is now preferred to the other methods which include thermal decomposition, electrochemical, photochemical, microwave assisted process chemical methods. Silver nanoparticle was biosynthesized using flower extract of Musa acuminata as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was confirmed by the colour change after addition of the flower extract of Musa acuminata into silver nitrate solution. The silver nanoparticle was characterized by UV–Visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The result of SEM reveals the formation of silver nanoparticle which was spherical in shape with varying sizes ranged between 20-30 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticle gave absorption at 375 nm, revealed silver metal as the most abundant element, vibrational bands indicating the presence of quinone, amides and conjugated ketone which served as reducing and capping agent. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed potent antibacterial activity and the economical synthesis of silver nanoparticle from aqueous flower extract of Musa acuminata which is ecofriendly. Keywords :Green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; flower extract; capping agents; antibacterial activity; scanning electron microscopy. DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-02 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76983496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Daher, N. Badawy, W. Mohrez, AbdAllh M. Abd El-Hamid, A. Yossef, A. A. El, Pasir
It is important to develop technologies for the production of master alloys for industrial applications. Detailed research on reduction of titanium from Egyptian ilmenite by an aluminothermic process in a graphite Crucible was charged by the mixture of ilmenite, flux, aluminum was investigated. This paper study the effect of aluminum feed (10%35%), flux material (type, and amount), and temperature preheat from 50 C to 400 C and time of preheating from 0.5 hr. to 3 hrs. Then, the metallic samples formed by the reduction were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The mixed fluxes were strongly and successfully reduced ilmenite to a high-purity master alloy with small amounts of detected impurities.
{"title":"Optimization of Reduction Process of Egyptian Ilmenitevia Metallothermic reactions","authors":"A. Daher, N. Badawy, W. Mohrez, AbdAllh M. Abd El-Hamid, A. Yossef, A. A. El, Pasir","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-7-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-7-04","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to develop technologies for the production of master alloys for industrial applications. Detailed research on reduction of titanium from Egyptian ilmenite by an aluminothermic process in a graphite Crucible was charged by the mixture of ilmenite, flux, aluminum was investigated. This paper study the effect of aluminum feed (10%35%), flux material (type, and amount), and temperature preheat from 50 C to 400 C and time of preheating from 0.5 hr. to 3 hrs. Then, the metallic samples formed by the reduction were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The mixed fluxes were strongly and successfully reduced ilmenite to a high-purity master alloy with small amounts of detected impurities.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89778074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eco-friendly synthesis method was used to synthesize some amidoalkyl naphthol and benzoxanthene derivatives using zinc oxide nanoparticles under solvent free condition. The corresponding synthesized amidoalkyl naphthols A , B (89.8-90.4%) and benzoxanthenes C , D and E (89.4-93.5%) were found higher yield than other reported methods. Antibacterial activity results of synthesized benzoxanthenes D and E showed activities with zone of inhibition (mm) against all gram negative strains (9-15mm) and gram positive bacterial strains (9-13mm) tested where as benzoxanthene C was active against B. subtilis (8,9,10mm), (10,11,12mm) for both B. subtilis and E.coli . Amidoalkyl naphthol A showed activity against B. subtilis (10, 11, 12mm) only and amidoalkyl naphthol B was active against both B. subtilis (9, 10,12mm) and E.coli (10, 11,15mm). Amongst all, the benzoxanthene C has only shown antifungal activity against C. albicuna (12, 14, 16 mm zone of inhibition) even stronger than the standard fluconazole and amidoalkyl naphthol A , B and benzoxanthenes D , E were inactive against C. albicuna . Except benzoxanthene E , All the remaining synthesized compounds have shown promising antioxidant activities with IC 50 values of 24.45, 17.65, 22.6 and 47.56 μg/ml for amidoalkyl naphthol A , B , benzoxanthene C and D as compared to standard ascorbic acid (9.28µg/ml) respectively. Keywords : Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Amidoalkyl naphthols, Benzoxanthenes DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-03 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
{"title":"Synthesis of Some Amidoalkyl naphthol and Benzoxanthene Derivatives by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyst Under Solvent Free Condition and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities","authors":"Demirew Abera","doi":"10.7176/cmr/11-7-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/11-7-03","url":null,"abstract":"Eco-friendly synthesis method was used to synthesize some amidoalkyl naphthol and benzoxanthene derivatives using zinc oxide nanoparticles under solvent free condition. The corresponding synthesized amidoalkyl naphthols A , B (89.8-90.4%) and benzoxanthenes C , D and E (89.4-93.5%) were found higher yield than other reported methods. Antibacterial activity results of synthesized benzoxanthenes D and E showed activities with zone of inhibition (mm) against all gram negative strains (9-15mm) and gram positive bacterial strains (9-13mm) tested where as benzoxanthene C was active against B. subtilis (8,9,10mm), (10,11,12mm) for both B. subtilis and E.coli . Amidoalkyl naphthol A showed activity against B. subtilis (10, 11, 12mm) only and amidoalkyl naphthol B was active against both B. subtilis (9, 10,12mm) and E.coli (10, 11,15mm). Amongst all, the benzoxanthene C has only shown antifungal activity against C. albicuna (12, 14, 16 mm zone of inhibition) even stronger than the standard fluconazole and amidoalkyl naphthol A , B and benzoxanthenes D , E were inactive against C. albicuna . Except benzoxanthene E , All the remaining synthesized compounds have shown promising antioxidant activities with IC 50 values of 24.45, 17.65, 22.6 and 47.56 μg/ml for amidoalkyl naphthol A , B , benzoxanthene C and D as compared to standard ascorbic acid (9.28µg/ml) respectively. Keywords : Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Amidoalkyl naphthols, Benzoxanthenes DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-7-03 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76792023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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