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Interactions of carbon‑nitrogen coupling in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China 中国北方农牧交错带碳氮耦合的相互作用

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109863

Shijun Tu , Wanfa Wang , Cai Li , Yuanbi Yi , Jinfeng Ge , Wenrui Yao , Wenhong Shi , Fu-Jun Yue , Zhongjun Wang , Yulin Qi , Si-Liang Li

Understanding the multi-scale coupling of carbon and nitrogen (CN) in agro-pastoral ecotones is complex due to the dual pressures of global change and human activities. This study aimed to investigate CN dynamics in the Yang River basin (Northern China) using isotopic signatures (δ¹³C_TOC, δ¹⁵N_TN), C/N ratios, and molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter across different spatial scales (1000, 3000, and 5000 m) and land uses (cropland, forest, grassland, and urban). Our findings indicated that terrestrial organic inputs are predominant, with agricultural and urban activities significantly accelerating the transformation between total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 88.9%. Land use within 3000 m riparian buffers significantly regulated organic C sources, while N dynamics are predominantly controlled by circular buffers of the same spatial extent. The diversity of nitrogenous heteroatoms in farmland, grassland, and urban areas ranged from 62.7% to 74.7%, which is higher than the 58.7% observed in forested areas. This suggests an increase in the extent of N transformation. Overall, human activities in the Yang River basin drive strong CN coupling, with dissolved oxygen (DO) availability playing a crucial role in DOC-dissolved inorganic nitrogen dynamics (DO peaked at 16.0 mg/L). This research provides a new multi-scale perspective on CN interactions in semi-arid ecotones, offering insights that can support targeted strategies for ecological restoration and sustainable resource management.

由于全球变化和人类活动的双重压力，了解农牧交错带碳氮多尺度耦合是复杂的。利用同位素特征（δ13CTOC、δ15NTN）、C/N比值以及不同空间尺度（1000、3000和5000 m）和土地利用方式（农田、森林、草地和城市）上溶解有机质的分子特征，研究了中国北部杨河流域CN的动态变化。结果表明，陆源有机输入占主导地位，农业和城市活动显著加速了总有机碳和溶解有机碳（DOC）之间的转换，速率达88.9%。3000 m河岸缓冲带内的土地利用显著调节有机碳源，而氮动态主要受相同空间范围的圆形缓冲带控制。农田、草地和城市地区氮素杂原子多样性为62.7% ~ 74.7%，高于林区的58.7%。这表明N转变的程度有所增加。总体而言，杨河流域人类活动驱动了强CN耦合，溶解氧（DO）有效性在doc -溶解无机氮动态中起关键作用（DO峰值为16.0 mg/L）。该研究为半干旱过渡带CN相互作用提供了一个新的多尺度视角，为生态恢复和资源可持续管理提供了有针对性的策略支持。

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引用次数: 0

Decoupling microbial diversity from C/N/S cycling potential: A shrubification-driven ecological filtering mechanism in alpine meadow soils 高寒草甸土壤微生物多样性与C/N/S循环潜力解耦：灌丛驱动的生态过滤机制

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109870

Qingshan Fan , Jie Bai , Ting Jiao , Yujie Niu , Fujiang Hou

How shrubification in alpine meadows of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) impacts the coupling between soil microbial structure and its biogeochemical functioning remains a core, unresolved scientific question. This study systematically investigates the significant decoupling between soil microbial diversity and its genetic potential for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling along a shrubification gradient. The results demonstrate that the ecological filtering effect, constituted by shrub-induced changes in specific soil factors (TP and NH₄⁺-N), leads to reduced community diversity and network stability; whereas, in sharp contrast, directional selection mediated by soil organic matter (OM) enrichment and elevated pH greatly enriches key functional genes for C/N/S cycling (with pmoC-amoC increasing over 20-fold). Elucidating this mechanism not only highlights the limitations of simplistically equating microbial diversity with ecosystem functioning in extreme environments, but also establishes a more reliable mechanistic basis for predicting the functional trajectories of these alpine ecosystems.

青藏高原东北部高寒草甸灌丛如何影响土壤微生物结构及其生物地球化学功能的耦合是一个核心的、尚未解决的科学问题。本研究系统地研究了土壤微生物多样性与其沿灌木化梯度进行碳(C)、氮(N)和硫(S)循环的遗传潜力之间的显著解耦。结果表明：由灌丛引起的特定土壤因子（TP和nh4 +-N）变化构成的生态过滤效应导致群落多样性和网络稳定性降低；与此形成鲜明对比的是，土壤有机质（OM）富集和pH升高介导的定向选择极大地丰富了C/N/S循环的关键功能基因（pmoC-amoC增加了20多倍）。阐明这一机制不仅突出了极端环境下简单地将微生物多样性与生态系统功能等同起来的局限性，而且为预测这些高寒生态系统的功能轨迹建立了更可靠的机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Direct cause of the prehistoric catastrophe revealed by the sedimentary provenance source of the overburden layer in the Lajia ruins in western China 中国西部喇家遗址覆盖层沉积物源揭示的史前大灾难的直接原因

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109859

Hui Zhao , Chun Chang Huang , Haiyan Wang , Yuzhu Zhang , Jiangli Pang , Ruiqing Shang , Xiaoke Qiang

The causes of the prehistoric catastrophe recorded at the Lajia ruins—located in the Guanting Basin, upper reaches of the Yellow River—have sparked intense academic debate. However, whether the Lajia ruins were buried and destroyed by outburst floods from the Yellow River, landslide dam outburst floods from Jishi Gorge or earthquake-induced flashfloods and mudflows in tributary valleys is still inconclusive. To reveal the direct cause of the prehistoric catastrophe, here we performed sedimentary provenance analysis (including heavy mineral assemblages and zircon typomorphism) of the overburden layer at the Lajia ruins. Our results indicate that the flashflood deposits covering the western and southwestern Lajia ruins are mixtures of old metamorphic bedrock from Laji Mountain at the source of the Lüjiagou gully and sand and clay materials from the Tertiary red layer mountain and gully region. The red mudflow deposits covering the eastern and southeastern Lajia ruins were sourced mainly from the large ancient landslide zone of the Tertiary red layer mountain region on the northern slope of the Guanting Basin. Therefore, the deposits covering the Lajia ruins are typical flashflood and mudflow deposits. Combined with the densely distributed ground fissures and severely damaged ruins, these lines of evidence indicate that a strong earthquake occurred along the Lajishan fault zone at 3850a BP, and in conjunction with the torrential rain, it triggered large-scale flashfloods and mudflows from the northern valley slope of the central Guanting Basin, which inundated the Lajia ruins. The landslide-mudflow disaster triggered by the 2023 Jishishan earthquake in the same fault zone can serve as an important analogue for comparative research on the Lajia ruins. Overall, our results provide direct evidence and a new research perspective for accurately identifying the cause of the Lajia ruins destruction, and further support ongoing regional studies concerning this complex disaster chain.

喇家遗址位于黄河上游关亭盆地，其所记录的史前灾难的原因引发了激烈的学术争论。然而，喇家遗址究竟是被黄河溃决洪水、积石峡滑坡坝溃决洪水还是地震引发的山洪、支流河谷泥石流所掩埋和破坏，目前尚无定论。本文对喇家遗址上覆层进行了沉积物源分析（包括重矿物组合和锆石标型），以揭示史前大灾难的直接原因。研究结果表明，覆盖喇家遗址西部和西南部的山洪堆积物是由家沟沟源区喇集山的老变质基岩与第三系红层山沟壑区的砂粘土物质混合而成。覆盖喇家遗址东部和东南部的红泥流沉积主要来源于官厅盆地北坡第三系红层山区的大型古滑坡带。因此，覆盖喇家遗址的沉积物是典型的山洪、泥石流沉积。结合分布密集的地裂缝和破坏严重的遗址，这些证据表明，在3850a BP时，沿喇家山断裂带发生了强烈地震，并结合暴雨引发了关亭盆地中部北部河谷坡的大规模山洪泥石流，淹没了喇家遗址。2023年鸡石山地震在同一断裂带引发的滑坡泥石流灾害可以作为喇家遗址对比研究的重要模拟物。研究结果为准确识别喇家遗址的破坏原因提供了直接证据和新的研究视角，并进一步支持了这一复杂灾害链的区域研究。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental resistance parameters generated by soil and semi-arid crops under inter-rill erosion and overland flow with low Reynolds numbers 低雷诺数沟间侵蚀和坡面流条件下土壤和半干旱作物的环境抗性参数

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109862

Jose Ramon B. Cantalice , Francisco Manuel de Assis Filho , Genival Barros Junior , Clara Barros Mendes Cantalice , Kalinny Patricia Lafayette , Jonas da Silva Bezerra , Joyce Ingrid de Arandas Sobral , Luciana Cássia Lima da Silva , Luan Carlos De Andrade Santos , Bruno Jose Silva de Medeiros , Daniel Moura Silva , Cicero Gomes dos Santos

Under overland flow with low Reynolds numbers, the resistance parameters generated by the soil and vegetation are crucial under current climate change conditions. The inter-rill erosion occurring under this overland flow can lead to inter-rill erodibility as a resistance parameter, and each type of plant generates different vegetal drag coefficients and hydraulic resistance parameters. A set of sixteen simulated rainfall events capable of generating overland flow on an Fluvisol tilled with a semiarid agroforest, cactus, under a litter layer, and under bare conditions was applied. The overland flows generated were laminar tranquil flows with very low Reynolds numbers varying from 6 to 25 on bare soil.

在低雷诺数的坡面流条件下，土壤和植被产生的阻力参数在当前气候变化条件下至关重要。坡面流作用下发生的沟间侵蚀可导致沟间可蚀性作为阻力参数，不同类型植物产生不同的植被阻力系数和水力阻力参数。在半干旱农林业、仙人掌、凋落物层和光秃条件下，在Fluvisol上进行了一组16次模拟降雨事件，这些降雨事件能够产生地面流。在裸地上产生的流为极低雷诺数的层流静流，雷诺数在6 ~ 25之间。

引用次数: 0

Characterization of nutrient release from volcanic rocks in soils from the southern Main Ethiopian Rift 埃塞俄比亚主裂谷南部土壤中火山岩中养分释放的特征

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109830

David Buriánek , Emi Hažmuková , Jana Janderková , Petra Pacherová , Ilja Knésl , Kryštof Verner

The Ethiopian Rift, with its rugged topography and varied lithology, substantially influences soil physicochemical properties. Nutrient distribution within these landscapes is primarily influenced by rock geochemistry and weathering intensity, though their interactions remain debatable. Consequently, we investigated soil chemical and mineral composition across various volcanic substrates at different altitudes in the Ethiopian Highlands. At elevations up to 1800 m above sea level, kaolinite mineral dominates saprolite, reflecting advanced weathering. A-horizons in this region exhibit low pH levels (KCl/CaCl₂: 3.7 to 6.3) and medium to high cation exchange capacity (CEC: 11 to 51 cmolc.kg⁻¹). A positive correlation between Organic Carbon (Cox: 1.7 to 4.6 wt%) and CEC highlights the role of organic matter in nutrient retention in the A-horizon. By contrast, rift floor soils—modified by Holocene to Pleistocene pyroclastic deposits—show mixed mineralogy of kaolinite, smectites, chlorites, volcanic glass (pumice), feldspars, quartz, and iron hydroxides. Their A-horizons have pH values of 4.0–7.1 (KCl/CaCl₂), with medium to low levels of Cox (0.3–2.8 wt%), and CEC ranging from 14 to 58 cmolc.kg⁻¹. The CEC is positively correlated with clay mineral content, particularly smectite. Here, nutrient availability is closely related to clay mineral content, especially smectite, and the progressive weathering of volcanic glass. These findings indicate contrasting controls on soil fertility: in Highlands, organic matter strongly regulates nutrient availability, whereas in rift floor soils, mineralogy and volcanic glass weathering are the dominant drivers. Together, they highlight the dual importance of organic processes and parent material alteration in shaping soil development across the Main Ethiopian Rift.

埃塞俄比亚大裂谷地形崎岖，岩性多变，对土壤理化性质有很大影响。这些景观中的营养分布主要受岩石地球化学和风化强度的影响，尽管它们之间的相互作用仍有争议。因此，我们研究了埃塞俄比亚高原不同海拔的各种火山基质的土壤化学和矿物组成。在海拔1800米以上的地方，高岭石矿物以腐岩为主，反映出超前的风化作用。该地区的a层具有较低的pH值（KCl/CaCl2: 3.7 ~ 6.3）和中高的阳离子交换容量（CEC: 11 ~ 51 cmol .kg−1）。有机碳（Cox: 1.7 ~ 4.6 wt%）与CEC呈正相关关系，突出了有机质在A层营养物质保留中的作用。相比之下，裂谷底土壤——由全新世至更新世火山碎屑沉积物改造——显示出高岭石、蒙脱石、绿泥石、火山玻璃（浮石）、长石、石英和铁氢氧化物的混合矿物学特征。其a层的pH值为4.0-7.1 (KCl/CaCl2)， Cox含量中低（0.3-2.8 wt%）， CEC范围为14 - 58 cmolc.kg−1。CEC与粘土矿物含量，尤其是蒙脱石含量呈正相关。在这里，营养物质的有效性与粘土矿物含量密切相关，特别是蒙脱石，以及火山玻璃的渐进风化。这些发现表明了土壤肥力的不同控制因素：在高地，有机质强烈地调节养分有效性，而在裂谷底土壤，矿物学和火山玻璃风化是主要的驱动因素。总之，他们强调了有机过程和母质变化在塑造埃塞俄比亚主裂谷土壤发育中的双重重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Soil Memory: from metaphor to a framework for Earth system history and human–environment interactions 土壤记忆：从隐喻到地球系统历史与人-环境相互作用的框架

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109839

Lilit Pogosyan , Maria Bronnikova , Sergey Goryachkin , Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo , Anna Schneider

引用次数: 0

Optimizing check dams construction and afforestation for debris flows mitigation in slag and landslides- prone gullies 在易发生矿渣和滑坡的沟渠中，优化堤防建设和造林以减少泥石流

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109852

Liqun Lyu , Guanyu Zhou , Jun Li , Chenyou Hou , Yunqi Wang , Chao Ma , Zihan Qi , Mengzhen Xu , Zhaoyin Wang

Xiaojiang Valley, situated in a seismically active region with rich copper resources, has undergone extensive seismic activity and mining operations, resulting in significant landslides and slag accumulation in its gullies. This has led to decreased vegetation coverage and frequent debris flow disasters. This study examined seven typical debris flow gullies, focusing on the impact of 70 years of afforestation and check dam construction on debris flow mitigation. Using dendrochronological methods, we reconstructed the historical interception of debris flow sediment by check dams. The trend in debris flow volume was analyzed based on sediment accumulation behind the dams. Additionally, we assessed the influence of base level rise behind the dams on the potential energy of landslides and slag deposits. The results showed that gullies with more check dams exhibited faster and more successful vegetation recovery. While the dams' ability to intercept debris flow volume declined over time, there is an overall decreasing trend in debris flow volume, which may be attributed to the continuous reduction in landslide and slag energy. We developed a model incorporating landslide and slag potential energy, vegetation coverage, and debris flow volume. The model indicates that the sequence of afforestation and check dam construction should vary at different development stages of debris flow gullies. Finally, we provided recommendations for the sequence and extent of afforestation and check dam construction at each stage of debris flow gully development, based on the potential energy of landslides and slags.

小江河谷地处铜资源丰富的地震活跃区，由于地震活动频繁，采矿作业频繁，沟道内山体滑坡严重，矿渣堆积严重。这导致植被覆盖减少，泥石流灾害频发。本研究考察了7条典型的泥石流沟，重点研究了70年造林和拦水坝建设对泥石流防治的影响。采用树木年代学方法，重建了历史上拦坝截留泥石流泥沙的过程。根据坝后泥沙淤积分析了泥石流量的变化趋势。此外，我们还评估了坝后基准面上升对滑坡和矿渣堆积体势能的影响。结果表明，淤地坝越多的沟渠植被恢复越快、越成功。随着时间的推移，坝体拦截泥石流量的能力有所下降，但泥石流量总体呈下降趋势，这可能与滑坡能量和矿渣能量的持续减少有关。我们开发了一个包含滑坡和矿渣势能、植被覆盖和泥石流体积的模型。该模型表明，在泥石流沟壑区不同发育阶段，造林和筑坝的顺序应有所不同。最后，根据滑坡和矿渣势能，对泥石流沟发育各阶段的造林顺序和范围提出了建议，并对大坝建设进行了校核。

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引用次数: 0

Distribution of soil functional genes and enzymes jointly determined by slope positions and latitude in Mollisols belt 坡位和纬度共同决定Mollisols带土壤功能基因和酶的分布

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109838

Haijun Zhang , Shaoliang Zhang , Weitao Xu , Sihua Yan , Xiaoguang Niu , Pengke Yan , Muhammad Aurangzeib , Ziliang Xiao , Mingming Guo , Jielin Liu , Jinzhong Xu

The spatial heterogeneity of microbial functional genes (FGs) and the enzymes is highly correlated with nutrient cycling in soils. However, it is debated how latitude and topography influence the spatial distribution of microbial function at large scale, especially lacks reports about their interactions. To elucidate their interactive and individual effects, this study collected soil samples from the top, middle and bottom slope positions in seven locations with intervals of 80 km along the Mollisols belt in Northeast China (42°47′N-48°9′N). Shotgun sequencing and micro assay were used to characterize soil FGs and enzyme, respectively. Results indicated that (1) when slope positions were neglected, the abundance of most carbon (C) degradation FGs (starch, lignin) decreased linearly with latitude, while enzyme increased linearly. When the slope positions were considered, the variation of them with latitude was greater in middle slope than other slope positions. Phosphorus (P) FGs and enzyme activity increase linearly with latitude, and greater variation in bottom slope. Nitrogen (N) fixation FGs abundance increases firstly and then decreases with latitude in bottom slope, while increases linearly in other slope positions; (2) when latitude and slope positions were considered together, their interaction significantly influenced the distribution of C, N, and P genes and enzyme; (3) the β diversity of FGs exhibited a unimodal pattern with latitude due to specific climate and soil heterogeneity, which differed from previous knowledge; (4) breaking previous insights, the correlation coefficient between FGs and corresponding enzyme showed quadratic function with latitude caused by microbial functional redundancy and environmental constraints, with significant positive only at 43.8°-47.7°. Our study highlights the interaction of slope position and latitude determined soil microbial function, and recommends sampling based on slope positions as the minimum unit. This may also enhance the accuracy of microbial function studies and C and N cycle models in Mollisols.

土壤微生物功能基因和酶的空间异质性与土壤养分循环密切相关。然而，人们对纬度和地形如何在大尺度上影响微生物功能的空间分布存在争议，特别是缺乏关于它们之间相互作用的报道。为了阐明它们之间的相互作用和个体效应，本研究在东北Mollisols带（42°47′n -48°9′n）上、中、底坡7个地点采集了土壤样品，采样间隔为80 km。采用散弹枪测序法和微量法分别对土壤FGs和酶进行表征。结果表明：(1)忽略坡位时，大多数碳(C)降解FGs（淀粉、木质素）丰度随纬度线性降低，而酶丰度随纬度线性增加。在考虑坡位的情况下，中坡的坡度随纬度的变化大于其他坡位。磷(P) gs和酶活性随纬度呈线性增加，且底部坡度变化较大。固氮FGs丰度在坡底随纬度先增大后减小，其他坡位呈线性增加；(2)当纬度和坡位同时考虑时，它们的相互作用显著影响C、N、P基因和酶的分布；(3)受特定气候和土壤异质性的影响，FGs β多样性随纬度呈单峰型分布，与以往认识不同；(4)在微生物功能冗余和环境约束下，FGs与相应酶的相关系数与纬度呈二次函数关系，仅在43.8°~ 47.7°呈显著正相关。我们的研究强调斜坡位置和纬度的相互作用决定了土壤微生物的功能，并建议以斜坡位置为最小采样单位。这也可能提高mollisol微生物功能研究和C、N循环模型的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-link network modeling of water resource systems: identifying critical linkages driving resilience dynamics 水资源系统的多环节网络建模：识别驱动弹性动力学的关键环节

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109846

Fang Wan , Yu Wang , Shaoming Peng , Yuze Kang , Xiaokang Zheng , Wenxiu Shang

Under changing environmental conditions, river basins face increasing water scarcity and heightened ecological vulnerability, posing greater challenges to water security. The resilience of water resource systems is recognized as offering a novel research perspective and analytical approach for addressing water security issues. The resilience of water resource systems is affected by numerous factors with significant cascading effects. Multi-link network approaches quantitatively capture the complex interrelationships among these factors, offering a scientific basis for effective management and improved water security. In this study, the Fenhe River Basin is selected as the study area to construct a multi-link network centered on hydrometeorological, socioeconomic, and engineering regulation links. The PCMCI algorithm is employed to quantify causal strengths among indicators within this complex network across different time lags, revealing the intertwined interactions, dynamic transmission patterns, and complex nonlinear relationships of the system. Based on the principle of multivariate transfer entropy, key links and critical transmission pathways underlying the evolution of water resource system resilience are identified. The role and effect of these key links on system resilience are analyzed, providing a quantitative assessment of their influence on the overall resilience of the water resource system. The results indicated that: (1) Total water resources, the proportion of secondary industry, and domestic water use indicators have the highest causal connection strengths among the links in the multi-link network of the water resources system; (2) The normalized transfer entropy values of hydrometeorological and socioeconomic links were found to be essentially comparable, whereas the engineering regulation link exhibited the highest normalized transfer entropy value for water resource system resilience. This indicates that the engineered regulation link constitutes the key link driving the evolution of water resource system resilience.

在不断变化的环境条件下，流域水资源短缺加剧，生态脆弱性加剧，水安全面临更大挑战。水资源系统的弹性被认为为解决水安全问题提供了一个新的研究视角和分析方法。水资源系统的恢复能力受到许多因素的影响，这些因素具有显著的级联效应。多环节网络方法定量地捕捉了这些因素之间复杂的相互关系，为有效管理和改善水安全提供了科学依据。本研究选择汾河流域为研究区，构建以水文气象、社会经济、工程调控为中心的多环节网络。采用PCMCI算法量化该复杂网络中不同时滞指标之间的因果强度，揭示系统相互交织的相互作用、动态传输模式和复杂的非线性关系。基于多元传递熵原理，确定了水资源系统弹性演化的关键环节和关键传递路径。分析了这些关键环节对系统弹性的作用和影响，定量评价了它们对水资源系统整体弹性的影响。结果表明：(1)水资源系统多环节网络中，水资源总量、第二产业比重和生活用水指标的因果联系强度最高；(2)水文气象和社会经济两个环节的归一化传递熵值具有基本可比性，而工程调控环节对水资源系统恢复力的归一化传递熵值最高。这表明工程调控环节是驱动水资源系统弹性演化的关键环节。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling effects of freeze-thaw action and thawed soil depth on snowmelt erosion under near-surface hydrologic conditions in the Mollisol region of Northeast China 东北Mollisol地区近地表水文条件下冻融作用和土壤深度对融雪侵蚀的耦合效应

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109855

Wengang Wang , Bin Wang , Fenli Zheng , Wei Rao , Zhiyi Zhang , Farhan Iftikhar

Near-surface hydrologic conditions (NHC), including drainage, saturation, and seepage, are key drivers for summer rainfall-induced erosion. Among these, saturation and seepage intensify erosion compared to drainage, with their effects remaining relatively consistent under controlled hydraulic gradients. However, it remains unclear whether the erosive characteristics of NHCs, influenced by freeze-thaw action (FTA) and thawed soil depth (TSD) differ under winter-spring snowmelt erosion compared to summer rainfall-induced erosion. The Mollisol region of Northeast China is highly susceptible to both erosion types, posing a significant threat to agricultural productivity. This study investigated the impact of FTA on the erosive characteristics of NHCs during snowmelt erosion and compared it with summer rainfall-induced erosion. The mechanisms underlying these differences and the influence of FTAs on varying TSDs were identified. Three NHC conditions (drainage, saturation, and seepage) were tested alongside five TSDs: 1 cm (FS1), 3 cm (FS3), 5 cm (FS5) and 10 cm (FS10), as well as an unfrozen control (10 cm, UFS10). Experiments were conducted on silty clay loam with an 8.75% slope under three meltwater intensities (2, 3 and 4 L/min). Results showed that FTA enhanced the erosive effects of saturation and seepage compared to summer rainfall-induced erosion, by altering pore-water pressure. This effect was most pronounced under FS5 and FS10, where erosion increased with TSD stabilized. The contribution of NHCs to erosion rate reached 51.71% under FS5 and FS10, representing a 902.13% increase compared to UFS10 (5.16%). In contrast, no significant differences in erosion rate across NHCs were observed in FS1 and FS3 (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that the erosive effects of NHCs on frozen slopes are strongly TSD-dependent and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of snowmelt erosion. Consequently, these findings are critical for considering NHC effects in snowmelt-dominated erosion process in cold and hydrologically variable regions.

近地表水文条件（NHC），包括排水、饱和和渗流，是夏季降雨侵蚀的关键驱动因素。其中，饱和和渗流比排水更能加剧侵蚀，在控制水力梯度的条件下，二者的作用保持相对一致。然而，冻融作用（FTA）和土壤融化深度（TSD）影响下的NHCs在冬春融雪侵蚀下与夏季降雨侵蚀下的侵蚀特征是否存在差异尚不清楚。东北Mollisol地区极易受到这两种侵蚀类型的影响，对农业生产力构成重大威胁。研究了融雪侵蚀过程中FTA对NHCs侵蚀特性的影响，并与夏季降雨侵蚀进行了比较。确定了这些差异背后的机制以及自由贸易协定对不同TSDs的影响。三种NHC条件（排水、饱和和渗流）与五种TSDs: 1 cm （FS1）、3 cm （FS3）、5 cm （FS5）和10 cm (FS10)，以及未冻结的对照（10 cm, UFS10）一起进行了测试。在坡度为8.75%的粉质粘土壤土上进行了3种融水强度（2、3和4 L/min）的试验。结果表明，与夏季降雨侵蚀相比，FTA通过改变孔隙水压力，增强了饱和和渗流的侵蚀作用。这种效应在FS5和FS10下最为明显，随着TSD的稳定，侵蚀增加。FS5和FS10下NHCs对侵蚀速率的贡献达到51.71%，比FS10（5.16%）增加了902.13%。相比之下，FS1和FS3中不同NHCs的侵蚀速率无显著差异（P > 0.05）。这些结果表明，NHCs对冻结斜坡的侵蚀作用强烈依赖于tsd，并为融雪侵蚀机制提供了新的见解。因此，这些发现对于考虑在寒冷和水文变化地区以融雪为主的侵蚀过程中NHC的影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0