IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109745

Analice Nunes Clarindo , Sara Ramos dos Santos , David Lukas de Arruda , Danilo de Lima Camêlo , Alexandre Tavares da Rocha , Valdomiro Severino de Souza Junior , Heloisa Helena Gomes Coe , Carlos Eduardo de Rezende , Marcelo Metri Corrêa

The integration of multiproxy environmental data on pedogenetic processes can provide insights into the paleoclimatic evolution of a region. In this study, we associated biological markers (Phytoliths, sponge spicules, diatom frustules, and freshwater algae cysts) and organic markers (C/N ratio, stable isotopes, thermogravimetry, and FTIR) to reconstruct the genesis of Spodosols under a semi-arid climate in the Catimbau National Park (CNP). We analyzed a toposequence composed of three Spodosols in the upper positions and one Entisol in the lowest position, located at the base of the Tacaratu Formation (Brazil). This area includes environments such as the first Spodosol profile, developed under conditions prevailing at the top of the toposequence, which was directly influenced by a tectonic fault that raised the water table. PCA of Phytolith indices explained 55.3 % of the total variance: in PC1, the Phytolith assemblage indices clearly separated the wetter profile with predominant C₃ vegetation (upper profile) from the drier profiles characterized by greater water stress and grass-rich vegetation, whereas PC2 highlighted the functional differences between C₃ and C₄ grasses. Although δ13C values in the profiles range from −11.5 to −26.3 ‰, the Phytolith indices indicate that C3-derived DOM transported from upland zones masks the underlying C4 isotopic pattern in the downslope Bh horizons. Phytolith data revealed three distinct paleoclimatic and pedogenetic stages: paludization (∼6400 years BP), fire events (2800–2150 years BP), and podzolization (2150–450 years BP). The results indicate a transition from humid, C₃-dominated environments at the upper slope to drier, C₄-rich settings downslope, supported by isotopic, Phytolith, and geochemical evidence of vertical and lateral podzolization controlled by slope position and water-table gradients.

多代理环境成土过程数据的整合，可以为研究区域古气候演化提供依据。利用植物岩、海绵针状体、硅藻囊体和淡水藻类囊体等生物标志物和有机标志物（碳氮比、稳定同位素、热重和红外光谱），重建了半干旱气候条件下卡廷堡国家公园spodosol的成因。我们分析了位于巴西Tacaratu组底部的一个拓扑序列，该拓扑序列由上部3个spodosol和下部1个Entisol组成。该区域包括诸如第一个Spodosol剖面这样的环境，它是在地形层序顶部的普遍条件下发育的，直接受构造断层的影响，构造断层使地下水位升高。植物岩组合指数的主成分分析解释了55.3%的总方差：在PC1中，植物岩组合指数明显区分了以C3植被为主的湿润剖面（上剖面）和以较大水分胁迫和丰富植被为特征的干燥剖面（上剖面），而PC2则突出了C3和C4禾草之间的功能差异。虽然剖面的δ13C值在- 11.5 ~ - 26.3‰之间，但植物岩指数表明，从高地带运来的c3衍生的DOM掩盖了下坡Bh层的潜在C4同位素模式。植物岩资料揭示了三个不同的古气候和成土阶段：泥化（~ 6400年BP）、火事件（2800-2150年BP）和灰化（2150-450年BP）。结果表明，上斜坡由湿润的、以c3为主的环境向下坡的干燥的、富含c4的环境转变，并得到了同位素、植物岩以及垂直和侧向灰化化的地球化学证据的支持，这些证据受斜坡位置和地下水位梯度的控制。

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引用次数: 0

Wave erosion induced bank collapse and its impact on landslides: insights from model tests 波浪侵蚀引起的河岸崩塌及其对滑坡的影响：来自模型试验的见解

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109750

Li Wang , Chenyu Zhang , Shimei Wang , Yong Chen , Yuanyuan He , Keying Zhang , Kun Fang

Wave erosion along the hydro-fluctuation zone is a pervasive phenomenon in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), culminating in bank collapse and consequent initiation of landslide events. To investigate the evolution process and failure mechanism of “wave erosion - bank collapse - landslide movement”, field investigations on TGRA are first carried out to identify the main features of the wave erosion. A reservoir landslide model test platform was subsequently designed that can control the water level of reservoirs, regulate wave patterns, and simulate various bedrock shapes. A material ratio scheme that accounts for the “sliding mass partition similarity” is proposed, along with a novel method for simulating sliding surface materials using composite geotextile and lubricating oil. A series of physical model tests were conducted to simulate the process of wave erosion, bank collapse, and subsequent landslide movement. The erosion evolution of the landslide front, variations in earth pressure, and the overall deformation of the landslide are monitored during the tests. The key findings are as follows: (1) Based on the proposed sliding mass material ratio scheme, novel sliding band materials and self-developed test device, the “wave erosion - bank collapse - landslide movement” process of wave erosion-induced landslides is successfully reproduced. (2) When the landslide front was steep, the wave erosion rate was higher. Over time, the slope of landslide front gradually became gentler, leading to a reduction in the wave erosion rate, which can be described by an exponential decay function. (3) The decrease in anti-sliding force due to erosion-induced bank collapse is the primary factor affecting the stability coefficient of the landslide. Additionally, the unloading effect of the bank collapse weakens the mechanical properties of the soil, significantly reducing its shear strength compared to natural conditions. This study offers a scientific basis for landslide prevention and mitigation strategies in the TGRA.

沿消落带的波浪侵蚀是三峡库区普遍存在的现象，最终导致堤岸坍塌，进而引发滑坡事件。为研究“波浪侵蚀-岸塌-滑坡运动”的演化过程和破坏机制，首先对三峡库区进行了实地调查，确定了波浪侵蚀的主要特征。随后设计了一个水库滑坡模型试验平台，可以控制水库水位，调节波浪模式，模拟各种基岩形状。提出了一种考虑“滑动质量划分相似度”的材料配比方案，并提出了一种利用复合土工布和润滑油模拟滑动表面材料的新方法。进行了一系列物理模型试验，模拟了波浪侵蚀、堤岸坍塌和随后的滑坡运动过程。在试验过程中监测了滑坡前缘的侵蚀演变、土压力的变化以及滑坡的整体变形。主要研究成果如下：(1)基于提出的滑动体料比方案、新型滑动带材料和自行研制的试验装置，成功再现了波浪侵蚀诱发滑坡的“波浪侵蚀-塌岸-滑坡运动”过程。(2)坡面坡度较大时，坡面波浪侵蚀速率较高。随着时间的推移，滑坡前缘的坡度逐渐变缓，导致波浪侵蚀率减小，可以用指数衰减函数来描述。(3)侵蚀崩落引起的抗滑力减小是影响滑坡稳定系数的主要因素。此外，岸堤崩塌的卸载效应削弱了土体的力学特性，与自然条件相比，土体的抗剪强度显著降低。该研究为制定三峡库区滑坡防治策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Terrace abandonment enhances rather than diminishes hydrological functioning in karst terraces by reshaping soil pore structure 阶地弃置通过重塑土壤孔隙结构增强而不是削弱喀斯特阶地的水文功能

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109749

Yuhan Li, Dongdong Liu, Shimei Yang, Hao Chen, Lixia Lu, Xuyang Guo, Ya Yang

Terrace abandonment profoundly impacts karst soil hydrology, yet the critical pore-scale mechanisms driving these changes remain elusive. In this study, the effects of different abandonment patterns on soil properties and hydrological processes were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and field experiments across four land use types, namely, cropland (CR), grassland (GR), shrubland (SH), and forestland (FR), which represent successive abandonment stages in Guizhou Province, China. The results revealed that abandonment substantially enhanced soil hydrological function: compared with that in cropland, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in shrubland and forestland increased by 83.79 % in shrubland and 82.8 %, respectively. Notably, compared with grassland, shrubland achieved the highest water transport capacity, with a performance that was 336.9 % greater. NMR analysis indicated that vegetation recovery fostered finer, better-connected pore networks, reducing the average pore radius by up to 38.34 % and increasing the total porosity to 40.91 % in forestland deep layers (40–60 cm). Differential rainfall responses were observed, with surface soil moisture increasing most significantly in grassland (+5.55 %) and shrubland (+3.59 %) under moderate precipitation, whereas deep soil layers experienced substantial recharge during low precipitation events (cropland: +30.3 %, shrubland: +15.55 %). These findings elucidate the ecohydrological mechanisms of terrace abandonment and inform restoration strategies for karst water management.

梯田废弃对喀斯特土壤水文产生了深刻的影响，但驱动这些变化的关键孔隙尺度机制尚不明确。在这项研究中,不同的废弃模式对土壤性质的影响和水文过程研究用核磁共振(NMR)技术和田间试验在四种土地利用类型,即农田(CR)、草地(GR)、灌木地(SH)和林地(FR),代表连续贵州省废弃阶段,中国。结果显示,放弃大大增强土壤水文功能:与农田相比,饱和导水率(Ks)灌木地在灌木地和林地增加83.79%和82.8%,分别。值得注意的是，与草地相比，灌丛的输水能力最高，高出336.9%。核磁共振分析表明，植被恢复使林地深层（40 ~ 60 cm）孔隙网络更细、连通更好，平均孔隙半径减小38.34%，总孔隙度增加40.91%。不同降水条件下，表层土壤水分在中度降水条件下以草地（+ 5.55%）和灌丛地（+ 3.59%）的增加最为显著，而在低降水条件下深层土壤水分则大量补充（农田：+ 30.3%，灌丛地：+ 15.55%）。这些发现阐明了梯田撂荒的生态水文机制，为岩溶水治理提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Landslide susceptibility zoning through physically-based limit equilibrium method modelling 基于物理极限平衡法建模的滑坡易感性区划

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109726

Federica Angela Mevoli , Lorenzo Borselli , Michele Santangelo , Nunzia Monte , Daniela de Lucia , Angelo Ugenti , Mauro Rossi

Landslide susceptibility is the likelihood of a landslide occurring in a given area based on local terrain conditions. Effective modelling of landslide susceptibility is crucial for generating zoning maps that inform land-use planning and management. This study promotes a novel physically-based methodology to assess landslide susceptibility on a large scale by integrating limit equilibrium methods, spatialisation criteria and statistical classification approaches. The procedure has been applied to a study area in Southern Italy, resulting in maps of the safety factor, failure surface depth, and zoning of landslide susceptibility. Scenario analyses were conducted to address uncertainties related to geomechanical and hydraulic settings. Model evaluation revealed scenarios with optimal discrimination capability, providing valuable insights into susceptibility patterns and zoning. This preliminary yet reproducible methodology provides a foundational tool for advancing physically-based landslide susceptibility zoning in both future research and practical applications.

滑坡易感性是指某一地区根据当地地形条件发生滑坡的可能性。有效的滑坡易感性建模对于生成分区图至关重要，从而为土地利用规划和管理提供信息。本研究提出了一种新的基于物理的方法，通过整合极限平衡方法、空间化标准和统计分类方法，在大范围内评估滑坡易感性。该程序已应用于意大利南部的一个研究区域，绘制了安全系数、破坏面深度和滑坡易感性分区的地图。进行了情景分析，以解决与地质力学和水力设置相关的不确定性。模型评估揭示了具有最佳识别能力的情景，为敏感性模式和分区提供了有价值的见解。这种初步但可重复的方法为在未来的研究和实际应用中推进基于物理的滑坡易感性区划提供了基础工具。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-proxy records of climate change in the northeastern Iranian plateau over the past 1500 years 过去1500年伊朗高原东北部气候变化的多代理记录

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109741

Guoqiang Ding , Shuai Ma , Shengqian Chen , Jiaqi Pang , Jiheng Shi , Ruijin Chen , Heikki Seppä , Fahu Chen , Jianhui Chen

The ecological environment of Asian drylands is fragile and highly sensitive to global climate change, underscoring the importance of understanding its climatic and ecological history. This study aims to fill the spatial and temporal gaps in climate and environmental records in the NE Iranian Plateau, along the Silk Road. Focusing on Lake Bazangan, we reconstruct the region's climatic history over the past 1500 years through high-resolution analyses of pollen, grain size, geochemical elements, and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). The results show that during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, 1000–1400 CE), pollen concentrations were low. Grain-size and end-member analyses indicate weakened lake hydrodynamics, while geochemical proxies indicate an oxidized, high-salinity lake environment, reflecting reduced precipitation and the driest conditions. In contrast, during the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1500–1900 CE), higher pollen concentrations, intensified lake hydrodynamics, and geochemical evidence of a more reducing, lower-salinity lake environment collectively suggest a relatively humid climate. These findings are further supported by the precipitation patterns simulated by the MPI-ESM-1-2-LR model. Model simulations indicate that precipitation variability in the NE Iranian Plateau was primarily driven by intensified mid-latitude westerlies and enhanced low-latitude moisture transport, likely modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Overall, this study improves our understanding of past human-environment interactions and provide a climatic perspective for addressing contemporary environmental challenges along the Silk Road region.

亚洲旱地生态环境脆弱，对全球气候变化高度敏感，因此了解其气候和生态历史具有重要意义。本研究旨在填补丝绸之路沿线伊朗高原东北部气候环境记录的时空空白。以巴赞干湖为研究对象，通过对花粉、粒度、地球化学元素和甘油二烷基甘油四醚（GDGTs）的高分辨率分析，重建了该地区过去1500年的气候历史。结果表明，在中世纪暖期（MWP, 1000 ~ 1400 CE），花粉浓度较低。粒度和端元分析表明湖泊水动力减弱，而地球化学指标表明湖泊环境氧化，高盐度，反映了降水减少和最干旱的条件。相比之下，在小冰期（LIA, 1500-1900 CE），较高的花粉浓度、强化的湖泊水动力和更低盐度的湖泊环境的地球化学证据共同表明气候相对潮湿。MPI-ESM-1-2-LR模式模拟的降水模式进一步支持了这些发现。模式模拟表明，伊朗高原东北部的降水变率主要由中纬度西风带增强和低纬度水汽输送增强驱动，可能受到年代际太平洋涛动（IPO）的调节。总的来说，这项研究提高了我们对过去人类与环境相互作用的理解，并为应对丝绸之路沿线地区的当代环境挑战提供了气候视角。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of surface and groundwater variations on vegetation changes in natural desert oases, Keriya River Basin, Taklimakan Desert, northwestern China 塔克拉玛干沙漠克里雅河流域地表和地下水变化对天然荒漠绿洲植被变化的影响

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109736

Jinhua Wang , Feng Zhang , Qingdong Shi

Riparian ecosystems in arid regions are affected by the dynamics of both surface- and groundwaters. However, understanding the dynamics and interactions of surface- and shallow groundwaters on vegetation within extremely arid desert oases remains challenging, in part because of a paucity of monitoring data. This study examined hydrologic-vegetation interactions in the Daliyaboyi Oasis, in the Taklimakan Desert, China. Specifically, daily variations in depth to groundwater (DTG) were collected in the oasis from 2013 to 2018 in four shallow groundwater wells. Monthly values of the Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEInsh) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were also extracted from Landsat imagery during this six-year period. During summer and autumn flood seasons, the DTG decreased synchronously with flood events, indicating that surface water recharged groundwater. Conversely, during winter and spring, DTG generally reach an intra-annual minimum while surface waters were at their lowest level, suggesting that groundwater replenishes surface water. The maximum change in the DTG was 0.97–3.30 m during summer and autumn and 1.36–2.40 m during winter and spring. Vegetation predominantly expanded toward the northwest, in conjunction with changes in surface water, indicating that surface water exerts a beneficial effect on vegetation growth. Human induced alterations in surface water areas did not change the timing of intra-annual peaks and lows in surface water areas. The correlation between DTG and NDVI was predominantly affected by groundwater recharge and the degree of anthropogenic influence. Under natural hydrological conditions, vegetation was strongly reliant on groundwater; however, this dependence diminishes in regions subjected to significant human activity. The optimal DTG for vegetation growth was 3–4 m. The ecological response of dominant vegetation (Populus euphratica) lags behind increases in surface water and decreased DTG by approximately one year. This study addresses the limitations resulting from the absence of groundwater monitoring data in previous research, providing novel perspectives and insights into the hydrological and ecological processes of the Keriya River Basin and the extremely arid desert oases globally.

干旱区河岸生态系统受到地表水和地下水动态的影响。然而，了解地表和浅层地下水对极端干旱沙漠绿洲植被的动态和相互作用仍然具有挑战性，部分原因是缺乏监测数据。本文研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠大利雅博依绿洲的水文-植被相互作用。具体而言，在2013年至2018年期间，通过4口浅层地下水井收集了绿洲地下水深度（DTG）的日变化。在这6年期间，还从Landsat图像中提取了自动水提取指数（AWEInsh）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）的月值。夏季和秋季汛期，DTG与洪水事件同步减少，表明地表水补给地下水。反之，冬季和春季，地表水处于最低水平时，DTG一般达到年内最低，说明地下水补充地表水。夏季和秋季DTG变化最大，分别为0.97 ~ 3.30 m和1.36 ~ 2.40 m。植被主要向西北方向扩展，与地表水变化有关，表明地表水对植被生长有有利影响。人类活动引起的地表水区域变化没有改变地表水区域年内高峰和低谷的时间。DTG与NDVI的相关性主要受地下水补给和人为影响程度的影响。在自然水文条件下，植被对地下水的依赖性较强；然而，在人类活动频繁的地区，这种依赖性会减弱。植被生长的最佳DTG为3 ~ 4 m。优势植被胡杨（Populus euphratica）的生态响应滞后于地表水的增加和DTG的减少约1年。该研究解决了以往研究中缺乏地下水监测数据的局限性，为克里亚河流域和全球极端干旱沙漠绿洲的水文和生态过程提供了新的视角和见解。

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引用次数: 0

Prescribed burning of scrubland only affects very sensitive topsoil properties: A decadal-scale study in encroached grasslands of the southern Pyrenees 规定的灌木丛燃烧只影响非常敏感的表土性质：对比利牛斯山脉南部被侵占草原的十年尺度研究

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109728

Andoni Alfaro-Leranoz , David Badía-Villas, Clara Martí-Dalmau

The decrease in grazing activity during the last century is causing an encroachment of the subclimatic grasslands in most European mountains, accelerated by climate change. To control this expansion, prescribed burnings (PBs) are used. However, their use can affect sensitive soil properties, particularly soil microbiology. Although many studies have already reported the immediate effects of shrub PBs on soils, very few of them have studied the long-term post-fire recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of the PBs on the topsoil biochemical properties over time, at a cm-scale (0–1, 1–2, 2–3 cm). The soil sampling was carried out in Asín de Broto (Central Pyrenees, Spain) and four treatments, depending on the time-since-fire, were selected: unburned (UB), immediately post-fire (B0), 5 (B5) and 9 (B9) years after burning. The results showed an immediate increase (B0) in chemical properties because of the ash incorporation, highlighting values 3.35, 1.64 and 1.55 times higher than in the UB samples for the electrical conductivity, the dissolved organic C and the total N, respectively. However, these increases were no longer noticeable after the mid-term (B5, B9). Regarding the biological properties, β-D-glucosidase (GLU) activity suffered a significant decrease over time (67 and 72 % less in B5 and B9, respectively), without affecting either the microbial biomass C or its activity. This study has proven that GLU is a useful indicator that can be used to assess the effects of low-severity fires.

上个世纪放牧活动的减少导致了对大多数欧洲山区亚气候草地的侵蚀，气候变化加速了这一进程。为了控制这种膨胀，使用了规定的燃烧（PBs）。然而，它们的使用会影响敏感的土壤性质，特别是土壤微生物学。尽管许多研究已经报道了灌木PBs对土壤的直接影响，但很少有研究研究了火灾后的长期恢复。因此，本研究的目的是在厘米尺度（0 - 1,1 - 2,2 - 3厘米）上评估PBs对表土生化特性随时间的长期影响。土壤采样在Asín de Broto（西班牙比利牛斯山脉中部）进行，根据火灾发生的时间，选择了四种处理：未燃烧（UB），火灾后立即（B0），燃烧后5 （B5）和9 （B9）年。结果表明，由于灰分的掺入，化学性质立即增加（B0），电导率、溶解有机碳和总氮分别是UB样品的3.35倍、1.64倍和1.55倍。但是，这些增加在中期选举后不再明显（B5, B9）。在生物学特性方面，随着时间的推移，β- d -葡萄糖苷酶（GLU）活性显著下降（B5和B9分别下降67%和72%），但不影响微生物生物量C及其活性。该研究证明，GLU是一个有用的指标，可用于评估低严重性火灾的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Linking runoff and sediment characteristics to karst development degree in small watershed 小流域径流泥沙特征与岩溶发育程度的关系

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109747

Zhengyi Tang , Rui Li , Li Qin , Tao Song , Benjin Yu , Pingping Yang , Jun Jing , Linlv Xiao

The surface/subsurface “dual” structure in karst area complicates the regional soil erosion and sediment transport process. Knowledge of mechanism and processes of sediment transport in small watersheds may guide water-sediment management strategies. This study investigates runoff and sediment processes in three karst watersheds in southern China with different development degrees: Mahuangtian (MHT), Yangjichong (YJC), and Niulang (NL). The analysis is based on long-term, high-frequency hydrological data from 2014 to 2021. We qualitatively classified karst development based on rock exposure rate, vegetation coverage, and soil thickness, and applied hysteresis analysis to establish the relationship between sediment transport and karst development. The results indicated that YJC yielded the highest mean runoff depth of 36.6 mm, while MHT and NL were lower, at 12.5 and 22.4 mm, respectively. Correspondingly, the mean sediment modulus were 136, 30.5, and 119.6 t·km⁻²·a⁻¹for MHT, YJC, and NL, respectively. In combination with the types of hysteresis, as well as the distribution of karst in the watershed and vegetation characteristics, we infer that the sediment in the MHT mainly originates from cultivated land, the riverbed near the downstream outlet (proximal source) and the subterranean karst conduit. Sediment in the YJC watershed originates mainly from upstream corn fields (distal source). Sediment in the NL watershed originates mainly from slopes on both side of the riverbed (proximal source). This study reveals the process mechanism of water and sediment transport in small watersheds with different karst development degrees, which can provide important support for formulating water and sediment management plans in areas with different karst development degrees.

喀斯特地区地表/地下“双重”结构使区域水土流失和输沙过程复杂化。了解小流域泥沙运移的机制和过程可以指导水沙管理策略。研究了中国南方3个发育程度不同的喀斯特流域：马皇田（MHT）、杨积冲（YJC）和牛郎（NL）的径流泥沙过程。该分析基于2014年至2021年的长期高频水文数据。根据岩石暴露率、植被覆盖度和土壤厚度对喀斯特发育进行定性分类，并应用滞回分析建立泥沙输移与喀斯特发育的关系。结果表明，YJC的平均径流深度最高，为36.6 mm，而MHT和NL的平均径流深度较低，分别为12.5和22.4 mm。相应的，MHT、YJC和NL的平均泥沙模量分别为136、30.5和119.6 t·km−2·a−1。结合滞后类型、流域岩溶分布及植被特征，推测MHT沉积物主要来源于耕地、下游出口（近源）附近的河床和地下岩溶管道。YJC流域泥沙主要来自上游玉米地（远源）。NL流域的泥沙主要来源于河床两侧的斜坡（近源）。本研究揭示了不同岩溶发育程度小流域水沙运移过程机制，可为不同岩溶发育程度地区制定水沙治理规划提供重要支撑。

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引用次数: 0

Organic matter properties in buried paleosols sequence of the middle Pleistocene as a biomarker in Vulsini Volcanic District (Central Italy) 意大利中部Vulsini火山区中更新世埋藏古土壤层序有机质特征及其生物标志

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109735

Sara Marinari , Rosita Marabottini , Vittorio Vinciguerra , Ornella Francioso , Simona Vingiani

A sequence of three paleosols (PIT3, CAN2, CAN1) of the Quaternary Latera pyroclastic succession (western Vulsini Volcanic District) was investigated with the aim of reconstructing the paleoenvironment of the Middle Pleistocene focusing on soil biomarkers. Wide variability (from 85 to 3 %) of extracted organic carbon on total (ExC/OC) was found along the depth. Py-GC/MS analysis of extractable soil organic matter (ExOM) revealed significant vertical variations in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Paleoproxies derived from n-alkane chains—including non-diagenetic (L/H, ACL, n-C₂₉/n-C₃₁, TAR) and diagenetic (CPI, OEP, LSR) indices— indicated dominant input from terrestrial higher plants in paleosols buried by Sovana (PIT3) and Farnese (CAN2) eruptions, while microbial-aquatic sources prevailed in that buried by Canino (CAN1). Bioma reconstructions suggest a mixed woody-herbaceous cover in CAN2 and a stratigraphic transition from herbaceous to woody-shrub vegetation in PIT3. Presence of phytoliths in PIT3 supported grassland soils. Diagenetic indices revealed moderate to high degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons, likely driven by paleoclimatic variability. FT-IR spectra from PIT3 showed n-alkane dominance, suggesting organo-mineral stabilization due to interaction with kaolinite, halloysite and allophanes. Pedological analyses and pedogenetic indices evidenced low OC content in CAN1 and intense weathering, consistent with paleoproxy data and δ¹⁸O records indicating increase of hot-humid conditions during MIS 7.5. In contrast, PIT3 and CAN2 showed OC accumulation and moderate pedogenesis, with vitric features exclusively in PIT3. These findings align with CAN2 development under initially warm and humid conditions followed by temperate climate, whereas alternating dry-moist phases in PIT3 under progressively cooler conditions toward MIS 7.4.

通过对第四纪晚期火山碎屑演替序列（PIT3、CAN2、CAN1）的研究，以土壤生物标志物为重点，重建了中更新世的古环境。提取的有机碳总量（ExC/OC）沿深度变化很大（从85%到3%）。可提取土壤有机质（ExOM）的Py-GC/MS分析显示，芳香烃和脂肪烃在垂直方向上存在显著差异。非成岩（L/H、ACL、n-C29/n-C31、TAR）和成岩（CPI、OEP、LSR）指标表明，Sovana （PIT3）和Farnese （CAN2）喷发埋藏的古土壤中陆生高等植物的输入占主导地位，而Canino （CAN1）埋藏的古土壤中微生物-水生来源占主导地位。生物群落重建表明，CAN2为混合草本植被覆盖，PIT3为草本植被向灌木植被的地层过渡。PIT3支撑的草地土壤中植物岩的存在。成岩指标显示脂肪烃中~高降解，可能与古气候变率有关。PIT3的FT-IR光谱显示正构烷烃为主，表明其与高岭石、高岭石和allophanes相互作用具有有机矿物稳定性。土壤学分析和成土指标表明，CAN1 OC含量低，风化作用强烈，与古代用资料和δ18O记录一致，表明MIS 7.5期间湿热条件增加。相反，PIT3和CAN2表现为OC积累和中度成土作用，仅在PIT3表现为玻璃体特征。这些发现与CAN2在最初温暖潮湿的条件下的发展相一致，随后是温带气候，而PIT3在逐渐变冷的条件下交替干湿阶段，直到MIS 7.4。

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Multi-disciplinary reconstruction of debris flow events and dynamics in the Northern Apennines, Italy: A multi-scale approach linking ground evidence with climatic triggers 意大利亚平宁山脉北部泥石流事件和动力学的多学科重建：将地面证据与气候触发因素联系起来的多尺度方法

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109708

Muhammad Ahsan Rashid , Alessandro Chelli , Emma Petrella , Sara Pescio , Jacopo Melada , Veronica Manara , Bruno Arcuri , Maurizio Maugeri , Michele Brunetti , Luca Trombino , Anna Masseroli , Giovanni Leonelli

A multidisciplinary approach is used to reconstruct debris flow (DF) events and extent through time in a remote (data scarce) site located in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Field-based techniques such as geomorphological mapping of the area, dendrogeomorphological dating and the characterization of soils and water infiltration processes were integrated with the analysis of precipitation triggers and temperatures to reconstruct the sequence of DF events over the last 70 years. Major DF events detected by comparing the dendrochronological evidence and climatic data, occurred in 1972 and 1987 disturbing up to 54 % of the sampled trees, whereas intermediate events occurred in the years 1996, 2003 and 2013 with 20–30 % of disturbed trees. Minor events were characterized by less than 20 % of disturbed trees, indicating limited geomorphic impact and localized disturbance. Historical orthophotos analysis directly confirmed most of the events in chronology as well as their spatial patterns. The analysis of the site-specific hourly precipitation records highlighted that not all high rainfall events resulted in DFs occurrence. Such chronologies are valuable because DF inventories often lack non-damaging events. A database of approximately 500 DFs occurred in the region of the Northern Apennines was analyzed using composite susceptibility index (CSI) and lithology to provide broader context. Results highlight three main situations in the investigated region: i) areas of intense precipitation and corresponding DF-prone catchments and observed DFs, along the Northern Apennine ridge in East and West sectors; ii) areas of intense precipitation events over non-DF-prone catchments and without observed DF in the far-West sector; iii) areas along the mountain ridge where DFs are observed despite the absence of intense precipitation in the central sector. By integrating a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze the DFs, this study advances understanding of DF dynamics and provides a framework for improved hazard assessment in mountain environments.

一个多学科的方法被用来重建泥石流（DF）事件和范围随着时间的推移，在一个偏远的（数据稀缺）地点位于亚平宁山脉北部，意大利。基于野外的技术，如该地区的地貌测绘、树木地貌测年以及土壤和水渗透过程的特征，与降水触发因素和温度分析相结合，重建了过去70年DF事件的序列。通过比较树木年代学证据和气候数据检测到的主要DF事件发生在1972年和1987年，干扰了多达54%的样本树木，而中间事件发生在1996年、2003年和2013年，干扰了20 - 30%的树木。次要事件的特征是受干扰的树木不到20%，表明地貌影响有限，干扰局部。历史正射影像分析直接证实了大部分事件的年代学及其空间格局。对特定站点每小时降水记录的分析强调，并非所有的高降雨事件都会导致df的发生。这样的年表很有价值，因为DF清单通常缺乏非破坏性事件。使用复合敏感性指数（CSI）和岩性分析了发生在亚平宁北部地区的大约500个df的数据库，以提供更广泛的背景。研究结果突出了调查区域的三种主要情况：1)东部和西部沿北亚平宁山脊的强降水区和相应的东风易发集水区和观测到的东风；ii)在非DF易发集水区和远西地区没有观测到DF的强降水事件地区；iii)沿山脊的地区，尽管中部地区没有强降水，但仍观测到df。通过整合多学科的方法来分析DF，本研究促进了对DF动力学的理解，并为改进山区环境的危害评估提供了一个框架。

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