IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109828

Qiuxiang Tian , Mengzhen Lu , Xiaoxiang Zhao , Zhiyang Feng , Xiujuan Qiao , Mingxi Jiang , Feng Liu

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi and their associated trees employ contrasting nutrient acquisition strategies, strongly impacting soil carbon cycling. However, little is known about how these impacts vary with topography in subtropical forests characterized by complex terrain where both AM and EcM trees co-occur. Here, we analyzed 972 soil samples from a 25-ha fully mapped subtropical forest plot to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal type and topography on soil carbon accumulation. Results reveal that the upper slope position harbors a higher abundance of EcM tree species. Both upper slope position and EcM tree dominance (percentage of the total basal area of ECM trees vs. all trees) positively affected aboveground biomass, forest floor thickness, and soil acidification, leading to higher soil carbon concentration and C:N ratio. Slope degree had minimal effect on AM/EcM tree distribution, but could strongly regulate the effects of tree mycorrhizal type on soil carbon concentration. The positive relationship between EcM tree dominance and soil carbon concentration was observed only on gentle slopes, but was negligible on steep slopes. Therefore, soil carbon accumulation in this subtropical forest are shaped by the combined effects of topography and tree mycorrhizal types. Our findings emphasize the importance of topography in regulating AM/EcM tree distribution and their impacts on soil carbon processes. Topographic attributes should be accounted for in future studies on mycorrhizal control over soil carbon and nutrient cycling.

丛枝菌根（AM）和外生菌根（EcM）真菌及其相关树木采用不同的养分获取策略，强烈影响土壤碳循环。然而，在以AM和EcM树木共存的复杂地形为特征的亚热带森林中，这些影响如何随地形变化而变化，我们所知甚少。本研究分析了25 ha亚热带森林样地972份土壤样品，探讨了菌根类型和地形对土壤碳积累的影响。结果表明，坡上位置具有较高的EcM树种丰度。上坡位置和EcM树木优势度（EcM树木占总基材面积的百分比与所有树木的百分比）对地上生物量、森林地面厚度和土壤酸化均有正向影响，导致土壤碳浓度和碳氮比升高。坡度对AM/EcM树木分布的影响较小，但对树木菌根类型对土壤碳浓度的影响有较强的调节作用。EcM树优势度与土壤碳浓度的正相关关系仅在缓坡上存在，在陡坡上可以忽略不计。因此，该亚热带森林的土壤碳积累是地形和树木菌根类型共同作用的结果。我们的研究结果强调了地形在调节AM/EcM树木分布及其对土壤碳过程的影响中的重要性。未来研究菌根对土壤碳和养分循环的控制应考虑地形属性。

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引用次数: 0

Precipitation on the spatiotemporal variations of soil volumetric water content at different depths in forested catchments 降水对森林流域不同深度土壤体积含水量时空变化的影响

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109849

Hongfen Zhu , Dean F. Meason , Serajis Salekin , Priscilla Corbett-Lad , Jianming Xue

The interactions between precipitation and topography that control soil volumetric water content (VWC) dynamics remain poorly understood across soil depths and under varied environmental conditions in forested catchments. This study investigated the dynamics of VWC at multiple depths (0–100 cm) in two New Zealand forest catchments that differ in precipitation, soil, and geology. Using continuous VWC data and wavelet coherency method, we quantified the multiscale relationships among VWC, precipitation, and topographic factors. Results revealed that VWC increased with depth, while spatial variability decreased, reflecting an inverse relationship between VWC level and spatial heterogeneity. Precipitation accounted for over 65% of temporal VWC variation, with short-term effects dominating in the humid catchment and longer-term impacts in the moderately humid catchment. Precipitation generally reduced spatial VWC variability, although modulated by wet–dry cycles, tree phenological activity (active and dormant periods), and catchment-specific characteristics. Topographic factors—particularly the topographic wetness index (TWI), planform curvature (PFC), and topographic position index (TPI)—significantly shaped the spatial distribution of VWC at depths of 30–100 cm, however, the dominant topographic drivers in the topsoil varied between catchments. These findings underscore the complex interactions among precipitation, topography, and soil depth in shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of VWC. By clarifying these relationships across scales and environmental contexts, this study contributes to the development of improved frameworks for soil moisture monitoring and hydrological modeling in forested landscapes.

在森林流域，在不同的土壤深度和不同的环境条件下，降水和地形之间控制土壤体积含水量（VWC）动态的相互作用仍然知之甚少。本研究调查了新西兰两个不同降水、土壤和地质条件的森林集水区不同深度（0-100 cm）的VWC动态。利用连续VWC数据和小波相干方法，量化了VWC与降水和地形因子之间的多尺度关系。结果表明，植被覆盖面积随深度增加而增加，而空间变异性则减小，反映了植被覆盖面积与空间异质性呈反比关系。降水占VWC变化的65%以上，短期影响在湿润流域占主导地位，长期影响在中度湿润流域占主导地位。尽管降水受干湿循环、树木物候活动（活跃期和休眠期）和流域特征的调节，但总体上降低了VWC的空间变异性。地形因子，特别是地形湿度指数（TWI）、平台曲率（PFC）和地形位置指数（TPI）显著地影响了30-100 cm深度VWC的空间分布，但表土的主要地形驱动因素在不同流域之间存在差异。这些发现强调了降水、地形和土壤深度之间的复杂相互作用在形成VWC时空格局中的作用。通过澄清这些跨尺度和环境背景的关系，本研究有助于改进森林景观中土壤湿度监测和水文建模的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Sedimentary organic carbon in the Three Gorges Reservoir riparian zone: from flooding perturbation and size-fractionation to sources, composition and thermal stability 三峡库区河岸带沉积有机碳：从淹水扰动和粒度分异到来源、组成和热稳定性

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109842

Xin Gao , Yaxian Hu , Fangbin Hou , Juping Huang , Jilong Chen , Xu Zhou , Shengjun Wu , Quanchao Zeng , Ping Huang

Sedimentary organic carbon (SeOC) plays a critical role in carbon (C) sequestration in riparian zones, yet its accumulation and stability are influenced by complex hydrodynamic processes such as flooding and erosional sorting. However, it remains poorly understood as to how varying flooding intensities (the relative duration of submergence caused by water level fluctuations) across different elevations and in turn the size sorting processes perturb the sources, composition and stability of SeOC. Sediments were collected across the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir from three flooding intensities: strong, intermediate, and weak corresponded to the elevation intervals of 145–155 m, 155–165 m, and 165–175 m. The sediments were subsequently fractionated into four size classes according to their settling velocities to determine size-specific SeOC content, chemical compositions, thermal stability and δ¹³C signature. The results indicated that, the proportion of the 63–250 μm fractions at weak and intermediate flooding intensity was 39.8%–51.1% and 5.9%–15.9% lower, respectively, than that with strong flooding intensity. The δ¹³C signatures and the contribution of soil-derived C decreased but the SeOC thermal stability and the contribution of C₃ plant and phytoplankton increased with stronger flooding intensity. In addition, the TG-T₅₀ values (the temperature resulting in 50% of organic matter loss) were positively related to the CC/CO ratios, but negatively associated with the CH/CO ratios. The accumulation of fine sediment particles with greater SeOC stability at stronger flooding intensity highlights the decisive role of flooding regimes in determining the sources, chemical composition and thermal variations of SeOC across different elevations. Thus, accurate quantification of SeOC dynamics in riparian zones necessitates consideration of both flooding perturbations and erosional size fractionation.

沉积有机碳（SeOC）在河岸带碳(C)固存中起着至关重要的作用，但其积累和稳定性受到洪水和侵蚀分选等复杂水动力过程的影响。然而，对于不同海拔的不同洪水强度（由水位波动引起的相对淹没时间）以及反过来的大小分选过程如何干扰海洋有机碳的来源、组成和稳定性，人们仍然知之甚少。在三峡库区河岸带，根据145 ~ 155 m、155 ~ 165 m和165 ~ 175 m的高程区间，从强、中、弱3种洪水强度收集沉积物。根据沉积物的沉降速度将其划分为4个粒径级，测定粒径SeOC含量、化学成分、热稳定性和δ13C特征。结果表明：弱、中驱作用下63 ~ 250 μm馏分所占比例分别比强驱作用下低39.8% ~ 51.1%和5.9% ~ 15.9%；随着洪水强度的增强，δ13C特征和土壤源C的贡献减小，而SeOC热稳定性和C3植物和浮游植物的贡献增加。此外，TG-T50值（导致50%有机质损失的温度）与CC/CO比值呈正相关，与CH/CO比值负相关。在较强的洪水强度下，沉积物中SeOC稳定性较强的细颗粒的积累，凸显了洪水制度在确定不同海拔SeOC的来源、化学成分和热变化方面的决定性作用。因此，精确量化河岸带的SeOC动态需要考虑洪水扰动和侵蚀粒度分馏。

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引用次数: 0

A new calculation method for dynamic adjustment of bed material gradation in a sand-bed river 一种砂河床河床料级配动态调整的新计算方法

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109860

Yuqin Cao , Junqiang Xia , Yifei Cheng , Jianguo Chen

Understanding the variation in bed material gradation provides a crucial perspective for assessing the functionality of river systems, including bed resistance, flood conveyance capacity and non-uniform sediment transport pattern, yet few studies have been conducted to simulate the adjustment processes of bed material gradation in a sand-bed reach. A new calculation method was developed that integrated active layer thickness with riverbed evolution and bedform geometry, which advanced the framework of active layer method for modelling bed material gradation adjustment in sandy riverbeds. The proposed method was incorporated into a section-scale morphodynamic framework, providing more detailed simulations of the dynamic adjustment processes of bed material gradation and riverbed evolution. The performance of this framework was evaluated through two laboratory experiments and field datasets at seven hydrometric cross-sections in the Lower Yellow River. Results demonstrated good agreement between the predicted and observed bed material gradations, with the mean absolute error less than 7.3%, and also captured the dynamic adjustment tendency of riverbed. Comparative analysis of typical methods for calculating the active layer thickness revealed that methods integrating hydraulic conditions and bed material properties, particularly the method proposed in this study, performed better in simulating both ultimate gradations and adjustment processes in sandy riverbeds. This framework provides a valuable tool for advancing the flow-sediment transport modelling and predicting the long-term geomorphic evolution trends in sand-bed river systems.

了解河床级配的变化为评估河流系统的功能（包括河床阻力、输水能力和非均匀输沙模式）提供了一个重要的视角，但很少有研究模拟砂床河段河床级配的调节过程。提出了一种将活动层厚度与河床演变和河床形态几何相结合的新计算方法，提出了模拟沙质河床河床物质级配调整的活动层法框架。将该方法纳入断面尺度的形态动力学框架，更详细地模拟了河床物质级配和河床演化的动态调整过程。通过两个实验室实验和黄河下游七个水文断面的现场数据集，对该框架的性能进行了评估。结果表明，预测结果与观测结果吻合较好，平均绝对误差小于7.3%，反映了河床的动态调整趋势。通过对典型活动层厚度计算方法的对比分析发现，综合水力条件和河床物质特性的方法，特别是本文提出的方法，在模拟砂质河床的最终级配和调整过程方面表现得更好。该框架为推进沙床河流系统的流沙输运建模和预测长期地貌演变趋势提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Hydro-environmental shifts in Laolike peatland of Northeast China: Evidence from grain size distributions and end-member modeling analysis 东北老似克泥炭地水文环境变化：来自粒度分布和端元模拟分析的证据

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109845

Jing Li , Yanmin Dong , Hongkai Li , Zhiwei Xu , Shengzhong Wang

Peat serves as a critical geological archive in terrestrial ecosystems because of its ability to preserve high-resolution climatic and environmental records throughout its development. The hydrological conditions of peatlands are highly sensitive to climate variability and are commonly employed as key indicators for paleoclimate reconstruction. However, hydrological conditions within peatlands can exhibit notable spatial heterogeneity, influenced by local environmental factors such as paleotopography and autogenic self-organizing processes, which have not been sufficiently addressed. In this study, two peat cores (LLK17C and LLK-D-2019) from the Laolike peatland in the Changbai Mountains were analyzed using grain size distributions (GSDs) and end-member modeling analysis. Supported by a robust chronological framework and paleotopographic reconstruction, GSDs were examined under contrasting paleotopographic settings to evaluate hydrological dynamics and their driving mechanisms. The results demonstrated that hydrological evolution within the peatland exhibited evident spatial heterogeneity. The LLK17C core contained fine-grained sediments in which aeolian and aquatic components could not be effectively separated, whereas the LLK-D-2019 core yielded four distinct end members. On a millennial scale, climate acted as the primary control on hydrological evolution in the Laolike peatland between 11 and 4.2 kyr BP. After 4.2 kyr BP, the LLK-D-2019 core, located at the lowest topographic position, transitioned into a stable peat accumulation phase as water levels declined, as evidenced by abrupt shifts in GSDs, total organic carbon, and C/N ratios. In addition, local paleotopography and autogenic self-organization further modulated the internal hydrological conditions and their evolutionary trajectories. These findings highlight the importance of spatial heterogeneity in peatland hydrological evolution and indicate that paleohydrological reconstructions based on a single core may suffer from limited representativeness. This study contributes to improving our understanding of internal hydrological variability within peatlands and their long-term developmental dynamics.

泥炭是陆地生态系统中重要的地质档案，因为它能够在其整个发展过程中保存高分辨率的气候和环境记录。泥炭地水文条件对气候变率非常敏感，通常被用作古气候重建的关键指标。然而，泥炭地的水文条件可能受到古地形和自生自组织过程等局部环境因素的影响，表现出显著的空间异质性，这些因素尚未得到充分解决。以长白山老似克泥炭地的2个泥炭岩心LLK17C和LLK-D-2019为研究对象，采用粒度分布（gsd）和端元模型分析方法对泥炭岩心进行分析。在强大的时间框架和古地形重建的支持下，研究人员在不同的古地形环境下对gsd进行了研究，以评估水文动力学及其驱动机制。结果表明，泥炭地水文演化具有明显的空间异质性。LLK17C岩心含有细粒沉积物，其中的风成和水生成分无法有效分离，而LLK-D-2019岩心则产生了四个不同的端元。在千年尺度上，气候在11 ~ 4.2 kyr BP期间对老似克泥炭地水文演化起主要控制作用。在4.2 kyr BP后，随着水位的下降，位于最低地形位置的LLK-D-2019岩心过渡到稳定的泥炭堆积阶段，表现为gsd、总有机碳和C/N比值的突变。此外，局部古地形和自生自组织进一步调节了内部水文条件及其演化轨迹。这些发现突出了空间异质性在泥炭地水文演变中的重要性，并表明基于单一岩心的古水文重建可能具有有限的代表性。这项研究有助于提高我们对泥炭地内部水文变化及其长期发展动态的理解。

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引用次数: 0

The role of moss crusts in soil organic carbon accumulation and microbial ecological regulation in post-fire karst areas of Guizhou, China 贵州岩溶区火后苔藓结皮在土壤有机碳积累和微生物生态调控中的作用

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109848

Run Liu , Chengyi Li , Qimei Wu , Dengfu Wang , Zhaohui Zhang , Jiachen Shen

Wildfires frequently occur in karst areas, posing a severe threat to soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and microbial ecological functions. However, it remains unclear how different vegetation types regulate this recovery process following fire events. This study assessed the effects of moss crusts and vascular plants on different components of SOC, functional genes of the carbon cycle, and microbial communities in recently burned karst areas of Guizhou Province, China. The results indicate that moss crusts significantly enhance total organic carbon (TOC) content and organic carbon fractions, with particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) proportions elevated relative to vascular plants and bare soil. Additionally, moss crusts upregulated the expression of key C-fixing genes (e.g., rbcL, aclB, acsB) and significantly suppressed C-degradation genes, with the abundance of the rbcL gene being approximately three times higher than that vascular plants. Furthermore, moss crusts promoted the formation of distinct microbial communities, enriching copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria) and ascomycete fungi, while reducing the abundance of oligotrophic and lignin-degrading taxa. In summary, through the dual mechanisms of promoting carbon input and inhibiting decomposition, moss crusts have emerged as an effective approach to enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity and stability in post-fire karst areas, and can serve as a valuable nature-based solution for ecological restoration following fires in karst region.

喀斯特地区野火频发，对土壤有机碳（SOC）稳定性和微生物生态功能构成严重威胁。然而，目前尚不清楚不同的植被类型如何调节火灾事件后的恢复过程。本研究评估了苔藓结皮和维管植物对贵州省喀斯特地区土壤有机碳不同组分、碳循环功能基因和微生物群落的影响。结果表明：苔藓结皮显著提高了土壤总有机碳（TOC）含量和有机碳组分，颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC）比例高于维管植物和裸地；此外，苔藓结皮上调了关键的c固定基因（如rbcL、aclB、acsB）的表达，并显著抑制了c降解基因的表达，其中rbcL基因的丰度约为维管植物的3倍。此外，苔藓结皮促进了不同微生物群落的形成，丰富了共养细菌（如放线菌门和变形菌门）和子囊菌真菌，同时减少了低营养和木质素降解分类群的丰度。综上所述，通过促进碳输入和抑制分解的双重机制，苔藓结壳已成为增强喀斯特火灾后土壤固碳能力和稳定性的有效途径，可作为喀斯特地区火灾后生态恢复的一种有价值的基于自然的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of wildfire on sandstone outcrops and environmental consequences, Bohemian Switzerland NP, Czech Republic 野火对砂岩露头的影响和环境后果，波西米亚瑞士NP，捷克共和国

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109831

Michal Filippi , Jiří Adamovič , Martin Slavík , Petr Mikysek , Tomáš Weiss , Jakub Mareš , Jiří Bruthans , Jan Rohovec

The impact of wildfires on natural sandstone outcrops remains a poorly studied topic. Taking the area affected by the big 2022 fire in the Bohemian Switzerland NP as the study site, fire-induced changes in sandstone outcrops were documented using a combination of unconventional, yet complementary approaches. These included time-lapse photo documentation, mineralogical and petrographic studies of affected vs. unaffected rocks, in situ moisture and tensile strength measurements, heat transfer-, internal moisture boiling- and steam pressure modelling, and thermal desorption of mercury. The results allowed to discuss possible contributing factors and to formulate predictions for future development of sandstone cliffs. Despite significant changes in the colour of the affected rock, only minor changes in mineralogy were detected. These mainly concern a local reorganization of the kaolinite structure, mobilization of iron from some clay minerals but probably also from accessory Fe-rich minerals, and limited goethite-to-hematite transformation. The identified colour and mineral changes, together with mercury thermal desorption data, indicate temperatures of 250–310 °C on the rock surface and in the shallow subsurface. The effect of fire on long-term rock moisture was found to be negligible, and the negative effect on rock strength was found to be inconclusive with the exception of fully or partly detached superficial rock layers. The most obvious effect of fire is spalling, explained by steam pressures generated by boiling pore water, and the subsequent disintegration of wasted rock material. This process results in a significant contribution of sand to the fire-damaged soil. Wasting of 4305 kg of sandstone rock was documented from representative 1.2 km of cliffline 1748 m² in area. The effects of fire on small cavernous weathering forms like honeycombs were noted in places, massively enhancing the rate and the scale of their destruction compared to normal conditions.

野火对天然砂岩露头的影响仍然是一个研究较少的话题。以2022年波西米亚瑞士NP大火影响的地区为研究地点，采用非常规但互补的方法组合记录了火灾引起的砂岩露头变化。其中包括延时摄影记录、受影响与未受影响岩石的矿物学和岩石学研究、原位水分和拉伸强度测量、传热、内部水分沸腾和蒸汽压力模拟以及汞的热解吸。这些结果可以讨论可能的影响因素，并对砂岩悬崖的未来发展做出预测。尽管受影响岩石的颜色发生了重大变化，但矿物学上只发现了微小的变化。这些主要涉及高岭石结构的局部重组，某些粘土矿物（也可能是附属富铁矿物）的铁动员，以及有限的针铁矿向赤铁矿的转变。已确定的颜色和矿物变化，加上汞热解吸数据，表明岩石表面和浅层地下的温度为250-310°C。研究发现，火灾对岩石长期含水率的影响可以忽略不计，对岩石强度的负面影响除了完全或部分分离的浅层岩层外，还没有定论。火灾最明显的影响是剥落，这可以解释为孔隙水沸腾产生的蒸汽压力，以及随后废弃岩石材料的分解。这一过程导致沙子对火灾破坏的土壤有很大的贡献。在面积为1748平方米的具有代表性的1.2公里悬崖上，记录了4305公斤砂岩的损耗。在一些地方，人们注意到火灾对蜂巢等小型洞穴风化形式的影响，与正常情况相比，火灾大大提高了破坏的速度和规模。

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引用次数: 0

Response of soil conservation functions to vegetation dynamics and restoration potential on the Loess Plateau 黄土高原土壤保持功能对植被动态和恢复潜力的响应

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109850

Xiaoxue Guo , Peng Tian , Guangju Zhao , Peng Gao , Chaohui Ma , Rui Shan , Jiahui Zhou , Xingmin Mu

Vegetation cover changes driven by ecological restoration projects strongly influence the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem functions. This study aims to clarify the response of soil conservation (SC) to vegetation dynamics and restoration potential on the Loess Plateau. Future potential of vegetation restoration was projected using the sliding-window based similar habitat potential model. Through integration of the InVEST model with multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of SC driving mechanisms was elucidated and the net contribution of vegetation change to SC was quantified through scenario analysis. The results show a significant increase in mean annual fractional vegetation cover (FVC) from 0.50 in 2000 to 0.62 in 2020, with 86.96% of the study area experiencing greening. Future FVC is projected to reach 0.73 under the current climate conditions. Restoration potential is highly heterogeneous across the Loess Plateau, with 67.11% of the area approaching its restoration limit and only 6.86% of the region (primarily in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau) maintaining high restoration potential. Over the same period, total annual SC increased by 42.91%. MGWR results indicate that topographic (LS) and rainfall erosivity (R) factors were the dominant and stable drivers controlling the pattern of SC. In contrast, the influence of vegetation (FVC) factor strengthened significantly from 2000 to 2020, both in spatial extent and intensity, particularly in core ecological project areas, highlighting its growing role in regulating SC. Scenario-based quantification demonstrated that vegetation restoration contributed SC gains of 1.20 × 10⁹ t (2000−2010), 0.93 × 10⁹ t (2010−2020), and 0.87 × 10⁹ (potential vegetation condition), indicating a clear trend of diminishing marginal benefits. The findings could provide scientific support for future optimization of regional ecosystem management and development of relevant soil conservation strategies.

生态恢复工程驱动的植被覆盖变化对生态系统功能的时空格局具有重要影响。本研究旨在阐明黄土高原土壤保持对植被动态的响应及其恢复潜力。利用基于滑动窗的相似生境潜力模型对未来植被恢复潜力进行了预测。将InVEST模型与多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）相结合，阐明了植被变化对森林质量的时空异质性驱动机制，并通过情景分析量化了植被变化对森林质量的净贡献。结果表明：研究区年平均植被覆盖度（FVC）由2000年的0.50显著增加到2020年的0.62,86.96%的研究区实现绿化；在当前气候条件下，预计未来植被覆盖度将达到0.73。黄土高原的恢复潜力具有高度异质性，67.11%的地区接近恢复极限，只有6.86%的地区（主要在黄土高原西北部）保持高恢复潜力。同期，全年SC总量增长42.91%。MGWR结果表明，2000 - 2020年，地形因子（LS）和降雨侵蚀力因子(R)是主导和稳定的驱动因子，植被因子（FVC）的影响在空间范围和强度上均显著增强，特别是在核心生态项目区。基于情景的量化结果表明，植被恢复对SC的贡献分别为1.20 × 109 t（2000 ~ 2010年）、0.93 × 109 t（2010 ~ 2020年）和0.87 × 109 t（潜在植被条件），边际效益呈明显递减趋势。研究结果可为未来区域生态系统管理优化和相关土壤保持策略的制定提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

An automated approach to colorize soil maps 一种自动给土壤地图上色的方法

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2026.109858

Ziming Cheng , Qiuliang Lei , Mingguang Wu , Jiafa Luo

Increasingly advanced soil survey techniques urgently require higher efficiency of soil mapping. Color, as a primary visual variable, can effectively encode soil classes and their distributions over space. However, the complexity of the soil maps arising from the multiple levels and classes to be represented makes it challenging to select distinguishable colors for each soil class. To date, methods for automatedly selecting distinguishable colors that align with the hierarchical structure of soil taxonomy remain unknown. In this paper, we propose an automated color selection algorithm for soil maps to clearly represent similarities and differences between soil classes. First, we encode soil classes in multi-levels with three semantic relationships between map colors (i.e., differentiation, association, and sequence), quantifying the soil map's hierarchical denotative quality. Then, we formulate the soil map color selection as an optimization problem and adaptively generate colors that align with the hierarchical structure of soil taxonomy through heuristic search. To test our method, we conducted a map-reading experiment and a usability survey based on five test maps. The results of the map-reading experiment demonstrate that our method for colorizing soil maps significantly outperforms the expert-based method in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, the usability survey indicates that soil maps colorized using our approach are more favorable compared to those colorized according to the Chinese national standard.

日益先进的土壤调查技术迫切要求提高土壤测图的效率。颜色作为一种主要的视觉变量，可以有效地编码土壤类别及其在空间上的分布。然而，由于要表示的土壤地图的复杂性，为每个土壤类别选择可区分的颜色是一项挑战。迄今为止，自动选择与土壤分类层次结构一致的可区分颜色的方法仍然未知。在本文中，我们提出了一种土壤图的自动颜色选择算法，以清楚地表示土壤类别之间的相似性和差异性。首先，我们利用地图颜色之间的三种语义关系（即区分、关联和序列）对土壤类别进行多层次编码，量化土壤地图的层次外延质量。然后，我们将土壤地图颜色选择作为一个优化问题，并通过启发式搜索自适应生成与土壤分类层次结构一致的颜色。为了测试我们的方法，我们进行了一个地图阅读实验和一个基于五张测试地图的可用性调查。地图读取实验结果表明，我们的方法在有效性和效率方面明显优于基于专家的方法。此外，可用性调查表明，使用我们的方法着色的土壤图比按照中国国家标准着色的土壤图更有利。

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引用次数: 0

Soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and enzyme activity in glaciated-derived agricultural landscapes of the U.S. Midwest 美国中西部冰川农业景观中土壤有机碳、氮和酶活性

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109770

Helen C.S. Amorim , Amanda J. Ashworth , Diane E. Stott , Hans E. Winzeler , Phillip R. Owens , Zamir Libohova

The extent to which terrain and landscape drive soil C and nutrient dynamics remains unexplored for agricultural lands, due to their complex interactions. This study assessed soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, mineralizable SOC (C_min) via an incubation experiment, and beta-glucosidase (BG) activity affected by landscape position in glaciated-derived agricultural soils of northern Indiana. Soil samples from the 0–25 cm depth were collected along 10-point transects following the soil catena. Overall, SOC and N concentrations in the landscape were influenced by soil wetness and organic matter accumulation. Depressions, poorly and very poorly drained soils stored 55–76% more SOC than surrounding upland areas. After 28 days of incubation, depressions, poorly and very poorly drained soils released 1.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ as C_min, nearly 2-times more than upland areas (0.8 Mg ha⁻¹), likely owing to greater enzyme activity (66.3 and 70.3 μg g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹ in depressions and very poorly drained soils, respectively). Mean C-CO₂ evolution decreased exponentially after 28 days (1.5 to 0.2 μg g⁻¹ h⁻¹), being the lowest for depressions and very poorly drained soils. Soils with buried histic epipedons had the highest total SOC stock (188 Mg C ha⁻¹) compared to mollic and ochric epipedons (51 and 32 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively). These findings inform land managers about SOC retention based on soil type and relief and can guide targeted best management and conservation practices according to landscape zones, which is critical to support long-term soil health and sustainability of crop production systems in glaciated-derived landscapes.

由于地形和景观之间复杂的相互作用，它们在多大程度上驱动着农田土壤C和养分动态仍未得到探索。本研究通过培养实验评估了印第安纳州北部冰川农业土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮、矿化有机碳（Cmin）和β -葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性受景观位置的影响。沿着土壤链沿10点样带采集0 ~ 25 cm深度的土壤样品。总体而言，土壤有机碳和氮含量受土壤湿度和有机质积累的影响。洼地、排水差和非常差的土壤比周围旱地多储存55-76%的有机碳。经过28天的孵育，洼地、排水差和非常差的土壤释放出1.4 Mg C ha−1作为Cmin，几乎是高地地区（0.8 Mg ha−1）的2倍，可能是由于洼地和排水极差的土壤的酶活性更高（分别为66.3和70.3 μg g−1土壤h−1）。平均C-CO2演化在28 d后呈指数下降（1.5 ~ 0.2 μg−1 h−1），在洼地和极差排水土壤中最低。埋埋组化表层土壤的总有机碳储量（188 Mg C ha−1）高于molic和ochriic表层土壤（分别为51和32 Mg C ha−1）。这些发现为土地管理者提供了基于土壤类型和地形的有机碳保留信息，并可以根据景观带指导有针对性的最佳管理和保护措施，这对于支持冰川衍生景观中土壤的长期健康和作物生产系统的可持续性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

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