IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109768

Matías Ceacero-Moreno, José Álvarez-Rogel, Juan J. Martínez-Sánchez, Héctor M. Conesa, M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz

Mine tailings are open-air waste deposits enriched in metal(loid)s derived from ore processing. Their restoration may proceed through capping and afforestation, which isolate the tailings from the outset, or through spontaneous plant colonization, a slower process whose study provides a model for evaluating the feasibility of direct plant establishment on these materials. Although both pathways can improve soil quality and reduce metal(loid) mobility, the role of vegetation type in modulating these processes remains insufficiently understood. We assessed the effects of shrubs and trees on the physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties of upper soil layers in two metalliferous tailings in semiarid southeastern Spain: one technically restored and one naturally colonized for several decades. Over one year, we monitored soil microclimate, nutrient pools, total and water-soluble metal(loid)s, microbial attributes and ecotoxicity under shrub and tree patches. Tree soils were consistently cooler and wetter during the warm season, with temperature differences of 3–7 °C and moisture differences of 1–4 %. In the colonized tailing, trees markedly improved soil structure and biological functioning relative to shrubs, with higher aggregate stability (50 vs. 34 %), total organic carbon (12 vs. 5 g kg⁻¹), microbial respiration (up to 0.9 g m⁻² h⁻¹ CO₂) and dehydrogenase activity (0.8 vs. 0.4 μg INTF kg⁻¹ h⁻¹). Despite very high total metal(loid) concentrations (Pb 2150–5400 mg kg⁻¹; Zn 1700–3300 mg kg⁻¹), water-soluble fractions remained comparatively low (100–900 μg kg⁻¹) and increased mainly when dissolved organic carbon peaked under trees.

矿山尾矿是露天废矿床，富含矿石加工过程中产生的金属（样物质）。它们的恢复可以通过封顶和造林进行，这从一开始就隔离了尾矿，或者通过自发的植物定植，这是一个较慢的过程，其研究为评估在这些材料上直接建立植物的可行性提供了一个模型。虽然这两种途径都可以改善土壤质量和减少金属（样物质）的流动性，但植被类型在调节这些过程中的作用仍未得到充分的了解。我们评估了灌木和树木对西班牙东南部半干旱地区两个含金属尾矿的上层土壤的物理化学、化学和生物特性的影响：一个是技术恢复，一个是自然殖民几十年。在一年多的时间里，我们监测了灌木和乔木斑块的土壤小气候、养分池、总金属和水溶性金属、微生物属性和生态毒性。在暖季，树木土壤温度差异为3 ~ 7°C，湿度差异为1 ~ 4%。在定植尾矿中，与灌木相比，乔木显著改善了土壤结构和生物功能，具有更高的团聚体稳定性（50%比34%）、总有机碳（12比5 g kg−1）、微生物呼吸（高达0.9 g m−2 h−1 CO2）和脱氢酶活性（0.8比0.4 μ INTF kg−1 h−1）。尽管总金属（样物质）浓度非常高（Pb 2150 ~ 5400 mg kg - 1, Zn 1700 ~ 3300 mg kg - 1），但水溶性组分仍然相对较低（100 ~ 900 μg kg - 1），主要在树下溶解有机碳达到峰值时增加。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of vegetation carrying capacity at the basin-scale using an improved SWAT model 基于改进SWAT模型的流域尺度植被承载力评价

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109767

Shantao An , Yiping Wu , Xiankai Luo , Ziqi He , Sergey Kivalov , Georgii Alexandrov , Weiqin Dang , Wende Yan , Huanyuan Wang , Bellie Sivakumar , Guangchuang Zhang , Qichen Wang , Fubo Zhao , Linjing Qiu , Pengcheng Sun , Zhao Jin , Ji Chen , Shuguang Liu , Yongming Han

Vegetation restoration represents a highly effective strategy for offsetting carbon emissions, mitigating climate change, and enhancing the quality of the eco-environment. Despite the ecological benefits, the large-scale ‘Grain-for-Green’ program in China has caused unintended hydrological consequences, threatening the sustainability of regional water resources in this arid and semi-arid region. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the competing water demands of ecosystems and humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of vegetation change on the water cycle and the vegetation carrying capacity in a semi-arid loess-gully basin using our previously modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which focuses on simulating forest growth from young to mature stages. Model validation demonstrated that the improved SWAT model can well simulate eco-hydrological processes, including leaf area index (LAI), streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water content. Simulations under various vegetation restoration scenarios revealed that low- and medium-intensity revegetation (converting sloping farmland (slope > 15°) to grass or forest) resulted in slight changes (≤4.84 %) in mean annual streamflow, soil water, and ET. In contrast, high-intensity revegetation caused significant water stress, with streamflow and soil moisture reduced by 19.35 % and 15.14 %, respectively. In addition, the vegetation carrying capacity of the watershed was evaluated, indicating that the basin can sustainably support a maximum LAI increase of 0.20 (15.63 %). Overall, this study can be valuable for vegetation restoration and forest management in the Chinese Loess Plateau, and the proposed methods can be applicable in other areas.

植被恢复是抵消碳排放、减缓气候变化、提高生态环境质量的有效策略。尽管具有生态效益，但中国大规模的“退耕还林”工程却造成了意想不到的水文后果，威胁着这一干旱半干旱地区区域水资源的可持续性。因此，了解生态系统和人类相互竞争的水需求是至关重要的。在本研究中，我们利用改进的SWAT （Soil and water Assessment Tool）工具，研究了植被变化对半干旱黄土沟壑区水循环和植被承载能力的影响，该工具侧重于模拟森林从幼龄到成熟期的生长。模型验证表明，改进的SWAT模型能够较好地模拟叶面积指数（LAI）、流量、蒸散发（ET）和土壤含水量等生态水文过程。不同植被恢复情景下的模拟结果表明，低、中强度植被恢复（坡度为15°）退耕还草或还林)对年平均流量、土壤水分和ET的影响较小（≤4.84%），而高强度植被恢复对年平均流量、土壤水分和ET的影响较大，分别减少19.35%和15.14%。流域植被承载能力评价表明，流域可持续支持最大LAI增长0.20（15.63%）。综上所述，本研究对黄土高原植被恢复和森林管理具有一定的参考价值，并可推广应用于其他地区。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of gully topographic vertical zone on the spatial heterogeneity of root-soil complex shear performance in the loess plateau 沟壑地形垂直带对黄土高原根土复合剪切性能空间异质性的影响

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109764

Yuying Cao , Zhengchao Zhou , Mingyu Chen , Jun'e Liu , Peipei Wang , Ning Wang , Bingbing Zhu , Fang Liu , Liyi Wu , Di Yu

Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau poses a significant environmental challenge, resulting in the surface presenting a form of thousands of gullies. The slope-gully system is a typical erosive landform in this region. Along the gully shoulder line (SL), the slope-gully system can be divided into the inter-gully area (IG) and gully area (G). Its transition zone characteristics lead to differences in soil properties and vegetation characteristics between the topographies, thereby influencing the root-soil complex shear resistance. However, the spatial heterogeneity of root-soil complex shear resistance across different topographic units in slope-gully systems, as well as its primary controlling factors, remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study selected the IG, SL, and G in sandy loam soil (Shenmu, SM), silty loam soil (Ansai, AS) and silty clay loam soil (Yongshou, YS) zones of the Loess Plateau to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of shear resistance and its dominant drivers. The results indicated that the shear capacity of the slope-gully system was jointly regulated by topographic, soil textural, and chemical factors. The shear resistance generally showed an increasing and then decreasing trend along IG, SL, and G, and the influence of topographic gradient on cohesion (c) showed different trends in different textured soils. Among them, SL exhibited significantly higher c than G in sandy loam soil (p < 0.05), while significant differences were observed between IG and G in silty loam soil (p < 0.05). Internal friction angle (φ) did not show significant topographic differences among different textured soils. Partial least squares path modeling further revealed that soil chemical properties (standardized path coefficient = 0.55) directly dominated the spatial differentiation of c, whereas φ was primarily controlled by soil textural parameters (standardized path coefficient = 0.36). These findings could provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional erosion management strategies and hold great significance for enhancing soil and water conservation efficiency.

黄土高原的土壤侵蚀对环境造成了巨大的挑战，地表呈现出千沟万沟的形态。坡沟体系是该地区典型的侵蚀地貌。沿沟肩线（SL），坡沟系统可分为沟间区（IG）和沟壑区(G)。其过渡带特征导致不同地形间土壤性质和植被特征的差异，从而影响根土复合抗剪能力。然而，坡沟系统中不同地形单元根土复合抗剪力的空间异质性及其主要控制因素尚不清楚。因此，本研究选取黄土高原沙质壤土（神木，SM）、粉质壤土（安塞，AS）和粉质粘质壤土（永寿，YS）的IG、SL和G，研究其抗剪性的空间异质性及其主导驱动力。结果表明，坡沟系统的抗剪能力受地形、土壤质地和化学因素的共同调节。抗剪强度沿IG、SL、G均呈现先增大后减小的趋势，地形梯度对黏聚力(c)的影响在不同质地土中呈现不同趋势。其中，沙质壤土中SL的c含量显著高于G含量（p < 0.05），粉质壤土中IG与G含量差异显著（p < 0.05）。不同质地土的内摩擦角φ没有明显的地形差异。偏最小二乘路径模型进一步表明，土壤化学性质（标准化路径系数= 0.55）直接主导了c的空间分异，而φ主要受土壤质地参数（标准化路径系数= 0.36）的控制。研究结果可为优化区域侵蚀治理策略提供科学依据，对提高水土保持效率具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoecological and palaeoherbivory dynamics in Kaziranga National Park: Late Holocene vegetation shifts and large mammal biogeography 卡兹兰加国家公园的古生态和古草食动态：晚全新世植被转移和大型哺乳动物生物地理学

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109762

Sadhan K. Basumatary , Eline N. van Asperen , Siddhant Vaish , Swati Tripathi , H. Gregory McDonald , Rajib Gogoi , Ajay Kumar Arya

This study presents an integrated palaeoecological and palaeoherbivory history of Kaziranga National Park (KNP) since the late Holocene based on biotic proxies. A 110 cm deep sedimentary profile permitted the collection of pollen and spores for analysis employing the standard acetolysis method. Around 3290–1700 years BP, the KNP consisted of a tropical dense mixed forest dominated by Bombax, Cinnamomum, Duabanga, and Lagerstroemia, with less grasslands during a period of warm and humid climatic condition with low wildlife activity compared to the present. From 1700 to 640 years BP, the evergreen taxa, Mesua, Cinnamomum, and Litsea decreased and with an increase in the deciduous taxa, Bombax, Dillenia, and Careya along with an expansion of grassland. The appearance of Mimosa, an invasive plant, is significant and is detrimental to the vegetation in KNP. The increase of coprophilous fungal spores, Sporormiella, Saccobolus, and Ascodesmis, indicates the gradual increase of wildlife in the region. During 640 years BP to present, the forest was comparatively less dense than the preceding phase with an expansion of openland areas. The significant increase of Sporormiella, Saccobolus, and Ascodesmis implies higher levels of the large herbivore population. We propose that the wildlife, especially rhinoceros, migrated from the western and northern part of the region into the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent in response to climatic amelioration and higher human activities during the late Holocene period. This study will be helpful in providing a better understanding of the palaeoecological and palaeoherbivory history of this region and can provide a greater insight into the causes of migration and subsequent extirpation of wildlife.

基于生物代用指标，研究了晚全新世以来卡兹兰加国家公园（Kaziranga National Park， KNP）的古生态与古草食史。110厘米深的沉积剖面允许收集花粉和孢子，使用标准的乙酰解方法进行分析。在3290 ~ 1700年BP之间，KNP以Bombax、Cinnamomum、Duabanga和Lagerstroemia为主的热带茂密混交林为主，气候温暖湿润，草地较少，野生动物活动较低。1700 ~ 640年间，随着草地面积的扩大，常绿类群Mesua、Cinnamomum和Litsea数量减少，落叶类群Bombax、Dillenia和Careya数量增加。含羞草是一种入侵植物，它的出现对KNP的植被具有重要的危害。嗜粪真菌孢子、孢子菌属（Sporormiella）、Saccobolus和Ascodesmis的增加表明该地区野生动物逐渐增加。640年至今，森林密度相对较前一阶段有所下降，开阔面积有所扩大。Sporormiella， Saccobolus和Ascodesmis的显著增加表明大型食草动物种群的水平较高。我们认为，在全新世晚期，野生动物，尤其是犀牛，从印度次大陆的西部和北部迁移到印度次大陆的东北部是对气候改善和人类活动加剧的响应。这项研究将有助于更好地了解该地区的古生态和古草食历史，并有助于更深入地了解野生动物迁徙和随后灭绝的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Elevational disparity in hydroclimate shifts drove human occupation and abandonment of Tongtian cave in the Sawuer mountains 水文气候变化的海拔差异驱动了人类对索乌尔山区通天洞的占领和遗弃

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109763

Dongliang Zhang , Min Ran , Blyakharchuk Tatiana

The punctuated occupation chronology (∼5200-∼3200 cal. yr BP) documented at the Tongtian Cave in the Sawuer Mountains has been tentatively attributed to global cooling trend, despite the scarcity of direct paleoclimatic evidence from the settlement's immediate hinterland. To address this knowledge gap, we present the vegetation and climate reconstruction derived from pollen and n-alkane biomarkers analysis of three peat sediments spanning ∼5600 years. Our findings reveal three cores collectively demonstrate a progressive regional cooling over the study period and exhibit a distinct hydrological transition: sustained higher ratios prior to ∼800 cal. yr BP, followed by a systematic decline thereafter. The warm and humid conditions in the mountainous regions during the occupation period, which directly facilitated enhanced vegetation productivity. This environmental contrast is particularly striking when compared with contemporaneous arid conditions prevailing in adjacent lowland valleys, where amplified evaporation under extreme warming exacerbated moisture deficits despite reduced precipitation. The progressive desiccation of low-elevation zones ultimately rendered plain settlements unsustainable, triggering migratory shifts toward more favorable montane environments.

在索乌尔山脉通天洞记录的间断占领年代学（~ 5200 ~ ~ 3200 cal. yr BP）被暂时归因于全球变冷趋势，尽管缺乏来自该定居点直接腹地的直接古气候证据。为了解决这一知识差距，我们提出了来自3个泥炭沉积物的花粉和正烷烃生物标志物分析的植被和气候重建，跨度为5600年。我们的研究结果表明，在研究期间，三个岩心共同表现出渐进的区域冷却，并表现出明显的水文过渡：在~ 800 cal. yr BP之前持续较高的比率，随后是系统的下降。占领期间山区温暖湿润的气候条件，直接促进了植被生产力的提高。与同期邻近低地山谷普遍存在的干旱条件相比，这种环境对比尤为明显，在极端变暖下，蒸发加剧了水分不足，尽管降水减少。低海拔地区的逐渐干燥最终使平原居民无法维持，引发了向更有利的山地环境的迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Millennial evolution of seabird activity reconstructed by Mg isotopes in Antarctic lacustrine records 南极湖泊记录中镁同位素重建海鸟活动的千年演化

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109755

Can Liu , Zhangqin Zheng , Pengcheng Ju , Sijie Wang , Wenyu Wang , Zicong Xiao , Xiaodong Liu , Fang Huang , Jihua Hao

Antarctic ecosystems are profoundly shaped by seabird activities, which deliver multiple bio-enriched elements from the sea and form ornithogenic sediments on the land. These seabird-mediated biogeochemical cycles are also very sensitive to climate change, but controversies remain concerning the evolution of seabird populations in ice-free areas. This study analyzed the magnesium (Mg) isotopic compositions of various environmental samples from the Ross Sea region. The results show that the bedrock soils have high δ²⁶Mg values close to the upper continental crust (UCC) value, while guano and ornithogenic soils have lower δ²⁶Mg values close to those of modern seawater. The leaching experiment further suggested no or negligible contribution of chemical weathering to the negative differentiation of Mg isotopes in ornithogenic soils. Instead, the Mg isotopic compositions of ornithogenic sediments should represent a mixture of bedrock and seabird-mediated marine Mg. Based on the mixing calculations, this study further reconstructed the evolution of seabird activities in the Ross Sea of Antarctica. The fluctuations of seabird activities are largely related with their migration and breeding behaviors in response to climate change. Overall, this study reveals the active cycling of Mg controlled by seabird activities in Antarctica and a novel application of Mg isotopes in ornithogenic sediments to reconstruct seabird population dynamics, expanding the application of Mg isotopes in environmental and geological studies.

南极生态系统深受海鸟活动的影响，海鸟活动从海洋中运送了多种生物富集元素，并在陆地上形成了鸟源沉积物。这些海鸟介导的生物地球化学循环对气候变化也非常敏感，但关于无冰区海鸟种群的进化仍然存在争议。本研究分析了罗斯海地区不同环境样品的镁同位素组成。结果表明，基岩土壤δ26Mg值较高，接近上陆壳（UCC）值，而鸟粪和鸟源土壤δ26Mg值较低，接近现代海水。淋滤实验进一步表明，化学风化对鸟源土壤中Mg同位素负分异的影响不存在或可以忽略不计。相反，鸟源沉积物的Mg同位素组成应该代表基岩和海鸟介导的海洋Mg的混合物。在混合计算的基础上，进一步重建了南极罗斯海海鸟活动的演变过程。海鸟活动的波动在很大程度上与它们响应气候变化的迁徙和繁殖行为有关。总的来说，本研究揭示了南极海鸟活动控制的镁的活跃循环，以及在鸟源沉积物中应用镁同位素重建海鸟种群动态的新方法，扩大了镁同位素在环境和地质研究中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Pasture cattle manure may not dominate the deterioration of water quality in pastoral lakes 牧场牛粪可能不是造成牧区湖泊水质恶化的主要原因

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109756

Hongbo Sheng , Ümüt Halik , Siying Chen , Jianxiang Zhang , Kunran Bai , Abdugheni Abliz

Free-range cattle farming has resulted in considerable challenges to the ecology and environment in pastoral areas, particularly in relation to local water quality in pastoral lakes. This study investigated the impact of cattle manure (CM) on pasture water quality evolution in a typical pasture in arid regions, especially the pollution contribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Fresh cattle manure (FCM) and dry cattle manure (DCM) were analyzed in a traditional pasture. The results indicated that FCM contained higher N and total organic carbon than DCM. Leaching experiments revealed that FCM released more N and P into pastoral water than DCM. However, soil adsorption and desorption experiments demonstrated that soil in pastoral areas reserve N and P from CM, reducing N and P water pollution contribution. Furthermore, the predominant organisms in FCM, such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, inhibited the release of N and P from CM. The quantified pollution load from CM to water quality deterioration revealed that the contribution of N and P inputs was below 1 %, indicating that CM is not a major driving factor for water quality decline. Therefore, although CM contributes to pollution load, its impact on water quality evolution is limited compared to that of other anthropogenic factors (local industry and agriculture). This study provides new insights into integrated management strategies for protecting the ecological health in pasture.

散养养牛给牧区的生态和环境带来了相当大的挑战，特别是在牧区湖泊的当地水质方面。以干旱区典型牧草为研究对象，研究了牛粪对牧草水质演变的影响，特别是氮、磷的污染贡献。对某传统牧场的鲜牛粪和干牛粪进行了分析。结果表明，FCM的氮含量和总有机碳含量高于DCM。浸出试验表明，FCM比DCM释放出更多的N和P。然而，土壤吸附和解吸实验表明，牧区土壤从CM中保留了N和P，减少了N和P对水污染的贡献。此外，FCM中的优势菌群，如变形菌门和拟杆菌门，抑制了CM中N和P的释放。CM对水质恶化的量化污染负荷表明，N和P输入的贡献低于1%，表明CM不是水质下降的主要驱动因素。因此，虽然CM对污染负荷有所贡献，但与其他人为因素（当地工业和农业）相比，其对水质演变的影响有限。本研究为保护草原生态健康的综合管理策略提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial functional shifts drive soil phosphorus transformation under long-term nitrogen and water inputs in a semi-arid grassland 半干旱草原长期氮和水输入下微生物功能变化驱动土壤磷转化

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109757

Mohsin Mahmood , Ru Tian , Yan Shen , Jiatao Zhang , Lan Du , Anam Ayyoub , Ansa Rebi , Adnan Mustafa , Haoyue Chen , Yiming Zhao , Wenhuai Li , Le Qi , Ahmed Salah Elrys , Zhuwen Xu

Environmental changes, including nitrogen (N) enrichment and altered precipitation, significantly influence phosphorus (P) dynamics in semi-arid grassland soils. However, the long-term effects of N and water additions on microbial communities and key P cycling genes remain unclear. This study investigates how long-term nitrogen (N) and water additions affect soil phosphorus (P) fractions, microbial community composition, and the abundance of key P-cycling genes in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem of Inner Mongolia, China. Drawing on a 17-year field experiment (initiated in 2005), our findings demonstrate that combined N and water inputs significantly enhanced labile and moderately labile P fractions NaHCO₃-Pi, NaHCO₃-Po, NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, and HCl_D-Pi by 58.9 %, 119.5 %, 26 %, and 7.4 %, respectively. HCl_D-Pi, the dominant contributor to total P, was mobilized primarily in water-added treatments. Labile P followed the order WN10 > N10 > WCK > CK; moderate-labile P ranked WN10 > N10 > WCK > CK; and non-labile P ranked N10 > WN10 > CK > WCK. Water addition suppressed P-starvation-responsive genes (phoX, phnK, ppk) and enhanced mineralization and solubilization genes (phoD, gcd, pqqC). Variation Partitioning Analysis showed microbial communities explained 31 % of labile P variation, while enzyme activity accounted for 35 % of moderate-labile P. PCoA showed distinct microbial and gene composition under WN10. Random Forest, Mantel tests, and VPA confirmed shifts in microbial function and soil P dynamics. These findings demonstrate how long-term nutrient and water additions reshape P fractions and microbial P acquisition strategies. This study offers mechanistic insight into the microbial and biochemical regulation of P availability and highlights the importance of managing N and water to increase labile P, stimulate microbial activity, and reduce P fixation. These results have broad implications for improving nutrient efficiency and sustainability in semi-arid grassland ecosystems under global change.

氮(N)富集和降水变化等环境变化显著影响半干旱草地土壤磷(P)动态。然而，氮和水添加对微生物群落和关键磷循环基因的长期影响尚不清楚。研究了长期氮和水分添加对内蒙古半干旱草原生态系统土壤磷组分、微生物群落组成和关键磷循环基因丰度的影响。根据一项为期17年的田间试验（始于2005年），我们的研究结果表明，氮和水的组合输入显著提高了不稳定和中等不稳定的P组分NaHCO₃-Pi、NaHCO₃-Po、NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po和hcl -Pi，分别提高了58.9%、119.5%、26%和7.4%。总磷的主要贡献者HClD-Pi主要在加水处理中被调动。不稳定P的顺序为WN10 >； N10 > WCK >； CK；WN10 > N10 > WCK >； CK；非稳定P为N10 >； WN10 > CK >； WCK。加水抑制p -饥饿反应基因（phoX、phnK、ppk），增强矿化和增溶基因（phoD、gcd、pqqC）。变异分配分析表明，微生物群落解释了不稳定磷变异的31%，而酶活性解释了中等不稳定磷变异的35%。随机森林、曼特尔试验和VPA证实了微生物功能和土壤磷动力学的变化。这些发现证明了长期营养和水的添加如何重塑磷组分和微生物磷获取策略。该研究为磷有效性的微生物和生物化学调控提供了机制上的见解，并强调了管理氮和水对增加不稳定磷、刺激微生物活性和减少磷固定的重要性。这些结果对全球变化下提高半干旱草地生态系统养分效率和可持续性具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Multiproxy evidence of environmental phases leading to podzolization in semi-arid soils of Northeastern Brazil 导致巴西东北部半干旱土壤灰化化的环境阶段的多代理证据

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109745

Analice Nunes Clarindo , Sara Ramos dos Santos , David Lukas de Arruda , Danilo de Lima Camêlo , Alexandre Tavares da Rocha , Valdomiro Severino de Souza Junior , Heloisa Helena Gomes Coe , Carlos Eduardo de Rezende , Marcelo Metri Corrêa

The integration of multiproxy environmental data on pedogenetic processes can provide insights into the paleoclimatic evolution of a region. In this study, we associated biological markers (Phytoliths, sponge spicules, diatom frustules, and freshwater algae cysts) and organic markers (C/N ratio, stable isotopes, thermogravimetry, and FTIR) to reconstruct the genesis of Spodosols under a semi-arid climate in the Catimbau National Park (CNP). We analyzed a toposequence composed of three Spodosols in the upper positions and one Entisol in the lowest position, located at the base of the Tacaratu Formation (Brazil). This area includes environments such as the first Spodosol profile, developed under conditions prevailing at the top of the toposequence, which was directly influenced by a tectonic fault that raised the water table. PCA of Phytolith indices explained 55.3 % of the total variance: in PC1, the Phytolith assemblage indices clearly separated the wetter profile with predominant C₃ vegetation (upper profile) from the drier profiles characterized by greater water stress and grass-rich vegetation, whereas PC2 highlighted the functional differences between C₃ and C₄ grasses. Although δ13C values in the profiles range from −11.5 to −26.3 ‰, the Phytolith indices indicate that C3-derived DOM transported from upland zones masks the underlying C4 isotopic pattern in the downslope Bh horizons. Phytolith data revealed three distinct paleoclimatic and pedogenetic stages: paludization (∼6400 years BP), fire events (2800–2150 years BP), and podzolization (2150–450 years BP). The results indicate a transition from humid, C₃-dominated environments at the upper slope to drier, C₄-rich settings downslope, supported by isotopic, Phytolith, and geochemical evidence of vertical and lateral podzolization controlled by slope position and water-table gradients.

多代理环境成土过程数据的整合，可以为研究区域古气候演化提供依据。利用植物岩、海绵针状体、硅藻囊体和淡水藻类囊体等生物标志物和有机标志物（碳氮比、稳定同位素、热重和红外光谱），重建了半干旱气候条件下卡廷堡国家公园spodosol的成因。我们分析了位于巴西Tacaratu组底部的一个拓扑序列，该拓扑序列由上部3个spodosol和下部1个Entisol组成。该区域包括诸如第一个Spodosol剖面这样的环境，它是在地形层序顶部的普遍条件下发育的，直接受构造断层的影响，构造断层使地下水位升高。植物岩组合指数的主成分分析解释了55.3%的总方差：在PC1中，植物岩组合指数明显区分了以C3植被为主的湿润剖面（上剖面）和以较大水分胁迫和丰富植被为特征的干燥剖面（上剖面），而PC2则突出了C3和C4禾草之间的功能差异。虽然剖面的δ13C值在- 11.5 ~ - 26.3‰之间，但植物岩指数表明，从高地带运来的c3衍生的DOM掩盖了下坡Bh层的潜在C4同位素模式。植物岩资料揭示了三个不同的古气候和成土阶段：泥化（~ 6400年BP）、火事件（2800-2150年BP）和灰化（2150-450年BP）。结果表明，上斜坡由湿润的、以c3为主的环境向下坡的干燥的、富含c4的环境转变，并得到了同位素、植物岩以及垂直和侧向灰化化的地球化学证据的支持，这些证据受斜坡位置和地下水位梯度的控制。

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引用次数: 0

Wave erosion induced bank collapse and its impact on landslides: insights from model tests 波浪侵蚀引起的河岸崩塌及其对滑坡的影响：来自模型试验的见解

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109750

Li Wang , Chenyu Zhang , Shimei Wang , Yong Chen , Yuanyuan He , Keying Zhang , Kun Fang

Wave erosion along the hydro-fluctuation zone is a pervasive phenomenon in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), culminating in bank collapse and consequent initiation of landslide events. To investigate the evolution process and failure mechanism of “wave erosion - bank collapse - landslide movement”, field investigations on TGRA are first carried out to identify the main features of the wave erosion. A reservoir landslide model test platform was subsequently designed that can control the water level of reservoirs, regulate wave patterns, and simulate various bedrock shapes. A material ratio scheme that accounts for the “sliding mass partition similarity” is proposed, along with a novel method for simulating sliding surface materials using composite geotextile and lubricating oil. A series of physical model tests were conducted to simulate the process of wave erosion, bank collapse, and subsequent landslide movement. The erosion evolution of the landslide front, variations in earth pressure, and the overall deformation of the landslide are monitored during the tests. The key findings are as follows: (1) Based on the proposed sliding mass material ratio scheme, novel sliding band materials and self-developed test device, the “wave erosion - bank collapse - landslide movement” process of wave erosion-induced landslides is successfully reproduced. (2) When the landslide front was steep, the wave erosion rate was higher. Over time, the slope of landslide front gradually became gentler, leading to a reduction in the wave erosion rate, which can be described by an exponential decay function. (3) The decrease in anti-sliding force due to erosion-induced bank collapse is the primary factor affecting the stability coefficient of the landslide. Additionally, the unloading effect of the bank collapse weakens the mechanical properties of the soil, significantly reducing its shear strength compared to natural conditions. This study offers a scientific basis for landslide prevention and mitigation strategies in the TGRA.

沿消落带的波浪侵蚀是三峡库区普遍存在的现象，最终导致堤岸坍塌，进而引发滑坡事件。为研究“波浪侵蚀-岸塌-滑坡运动”的演化过程和破坏机制，首先对三峡库区进行了实地调查，确定了波浪侵蚀的主要特征。随后设计了一个水库滑坡模型试验平台，可以控制水库水位，调节波浪模式，模拟各种基岩形状。提出了一种考虑“滑动质量划分相似度”的材料配比方案，并提出了一种利用复合土工布和润滑油模拟滑动表面材料的新方法。进行了一系列物理模型试验，模拟了波浪侵蚀、堤岸坍塌和随后的滑坡运动过程。在试验过程中监测了滑坡前缘的侵蚀演变、土压力的变化以及滑坡的整体变形。主要研究成果如下：(1)基于提出的滑动体料比方案、新型滑动带材料和自行研制的试验装置，成功再现了波浪侵蚀诱发滑坡的“波浪侵蚀-塌岸-滑坡运动”过程。(2)坡面坡度较大时，坡面波浪侵蚀速率较高。随着时间的推移，滑坡前缘的坡度逐渐变缓，导致波浪侵蚀率减小，可以用指数衰减函数来描述。(3)侵蚀崩落引起的抗滑力减小是影响滑坡稳定系数的主要因素。此外，岸堤崩塌的卸载效应削弱了土体的力学特性，与自然条件相比，土体的抗剪强度显著降低。该研究为制定三峡库区滑坡防治策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

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