IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108527

Meiman Zhang , Zixu Yin , Fengying Guan , Zhibing Wan

Soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass play a critical role in myriad ecological processes. Bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forests have received widespread attention as important forestry models for ecological restoration and sustainable development; however, our understanding the influences of broad-leaved tree species in mixed bamboo forests on soil properties and microbial activity remains unclear. Here we sampled twenty-seven spatially interspersed stands of bamboo-Castanopsis chinensis Hance mixed forest (CCB), bamboo-Alniphyllum fortune (Hemsl.) Makino mixed forest (AFB), and bamboo-Choerospondias axillaris mixed forest (CAB), with different mixing ratios (0–10 %, 10–20 %, 20–40 % canopy proportions) in subtropical China, to examine the effects of tree species and mixed ratio on soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. We found that the different forests exhibited variations in soil nutrient levels. CAB forests exhibit notably higher mean C, N, and P contents than AFB and CCB, particularly at a 10–20 % mixing ratio where SOC concentration reached 46.50 g/kg. CAB forests demonstrated significantly higher activities of invertase (mean 701.83U/g), urease (8393.44U/g), and catalase (501.73U/g) compared to AFB and CCB forests, with peak enzyme activities observed at a 10–20 % mixing ratio. Soil microbial biomass C and N were notably greater in CAB and CCB forests than in AFB forests. CAB forests also exhibited the highest soil microbial biomass P (mean 48.68 mg/kg), which rose consistently with an increased mixing ratio. Multiple factor analysis revealed that the enzyme activities were significantly correlated with the annual growth of fine roots in the forest and were positively correlated with resident C, total N, total P, C: N, and C: P. Overall, the results provide insights into the importance of tree species and crown size in bamboo and broadleaved tree mixed forest in soil features and the microbial activity while providing management guidance for the selection of mixed tree species for sustainable management of bamboo forest soil microenvironment.

土壤酶活性和微生物生物量在无数生态过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。竹阔叶混交林作为生态恢复和可持续发展的重要林业模式受到广泛关注；然而，我们对竹阔叶混交林中阔叶树种对土壤性质和微生物活动的影响仍不清楚。在此，我们取样研究了 27 个空间间隔的竹-楠木混交林（CCB）、竹-楠木（Hemsl.混交林（CAB），研究树种和混交比例对土壤养分、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响。我们发现，不同森林的土壤养分水平存在差异。CAB 森林的 C、N 和 P 平均含量明显高于 AFB 和 CCB，尤其是在混合比为 10-20% 时，SOC 浓度达到 46.50 g/kg。与 AFB 和 CCB 森林相比，CAB 森林的转化酶（平均 701.83U/g）、脲酶（8393.44U/g）和过氧化氢酶（501.73U/g）活性明显更高，在混合比为 10-20% 时，酶活性达到峰值。CAB 和 CCB 森林的土壤微生物生物量 C 和 N 明显高于 AFB 森林。CAB 森林的土壤微生物生物量 P 也最高（平均 48.68 mg/kg），且随着混合比的增加而持续上升。多因素分析表明，酶活性与森林中细根的年生长量显著相关，并与常住 C、总 N、总 P、C：N 和 C：P 呈正相关。总之，研究结果揭示了竹阔叶混交林中树种和树冠大小对土壤特性和微生物活性的重要性，同时为选择混交树种以实现竹林土壤微环境的可持续管理提供了管理指导。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting responses of soil organic carbon dynamics to long-term canopy and understory nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest 亚热带森林中土壤有机碳动态对长期冠层和林下氮添加的不同反应

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108536

Xiaofei Lu , Heng Yu , Frank S. Gilliam , Xu Yue , Jingchao Huang , Songbo Tang , Yuanwen Kuang

Elucidating the impacts of chronic atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for predicting the dynamics of terrestrial C sinks, particularly in N-rich subtropical forests. Experiments using understory N addition (UN) have provided valuable insights into these impacts, but unavoidably neglect processes such as interception and absorption of N within forest canopy. We assessed the effects of long-term (11-yr) fertilization via both canopy N addition (CN) and UN on SOC in a subtropical forest. Our results showed significantly different responses of SOC between the approaches, with UN displaying greater effects on SOC than CN. Specifically, both low and high rates of UN substantially increased the concentrations of particulate organic C (POC), whereas the high rate of CN significantly increased those of mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) rather than POC. Long-term CN and UN treatments had distinct effects on plant- and microbial-derived C processes. UN treatments significantly increased soil available N and improved the litter quality, enhancing the formation of POC, and suppressing microbial decomposition of POC due to the significant decreases in soil pH. However, CN treatments significantly improved litter quality and mitigated soil acidification, thus stimulating microbial C utilization and accelerating the microbial transformation of POC to MAOC. Our findings imply that the underlying mechanisms of natural N deposition influencing forest SOC may differ from those obtained from UN, and conventional fertilization experiments may overestimate the benefits of elevated N deposition to forest SOC.

阐明大气中长期氮（N）沉积对土壤有机碳（SOC）的影响对于预测陆地碳汇的动态至关重要，尤其是在富含氮的亚热带森林中。利用林下氮添加（UN）进行的实验为了解这些影响提供了宝贵的资料，但不可避免地忽略了林冠内对氮的截获和吸收等过程。我们评估了在亚热带森林中通过冠层氮添加（CN）和联合国（UN）长期施肥（11 年）对 SOC 的影响。结果表明，两种施肥方法对 SOC 的影响存在明显差异，其中联合国施肥法对 SOC 的影响大于 CN 施肥法。具体来说，低浓度和高浓度的联合国都会大幅增加颗粒有机碳（POC）的浓度，而高浓度的氯化萘则会显著增加矿质相关有机碳（MAOC）的浓度，而不是POC的浓度。长期的 CN 和 UN 处理对植物和微生物衍生的 C 过程具有不同的影响。UN 处理明显增加了土壤可利用氮，改善了枯落物质量，促进了 POC 的形成，同时由于土壤 pH 值明显降低，抑制了微生物对 POC 的分解。然而，CN 处理明显改善了枯落物质量，缓解了土壤酸化，从而刺激了微生物对 C 的利用，加速了微生物将 POC 转化为 MAOC。我们的研究结果表明，天然氮沉积影响森林 SOC 的基本机制可能与联合国的研究结果不同，传统施肥实验可能高估了高浓度氮沉积对森林 SOC 的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of different land-use types on soil detachment capacity in loess areas 不同土地利用类型对黄土地区土壤剥离能力的影响

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108523

Jingxin Yan , Kuandi Zhang , Junying Chen , Yuxin Wang , Lijuan Liu , Juanjuan Liu

Against the background of similar geomorphological characteristics and environmental temperatures, land-use types alter the soil detachment capacity (D_c) by changing soil properties and root traits. However, there is a lack of in-depth discussion regarding the response of D_c to land-use types in loess areas. The purpose of this study was to quantify the influences of different land-use types in loess areas on D_c, soil erodibility (k_r), and critical shear stress (τ_c) and explore the key factors affecting D_c under runoff erosion based on the links between root traits and soil properties, and combined with PLS-SEM algorithm, a meta-model of D_c influence mechanism was established. Two hundred and seventy undisturbed soil samples were collected from six different land-use types and scoured under nine specific combinations of flow rate and slope (flow rate: 0.167–0.5 L s⁻¹, slope: 10.5–20.8 %). The results showed that with the change in land-use type, D_c changed considerably. The average D_c of the shrubland was only 1/22 of that of the cropland. The change trend of k_r was consistent with that of D_c, while the change trend of τ_c had no obvious regularity. The relationships between the root density parameters and D_c were simulated using the exponential function and Hill curve, respectively, and the predictive effect of the Hill curve was better than that of the exponential function. Compared with the other comprehensive hydraulic parameters, shear stress (τ) was D_c’s most effective predictive factor. Correlation and path analyses revealed that soil organic matter (SOM) and root length density (RLD) were the best indicators of D_c. Furthermore, a dimensionless D_c prediction model suitable for different land-use types was established based on τ, SOM, and RLD, and the model exhibited a high accuracy (R² = 0.955, NSE = 0.911).

在地貌特征和环境温度相似的背景下，土地利用类型会通过改变土壤性质和根系特征来改变土壤剥离能力（Dc）。然而，关于黄土地区 Dc 对土地利用类型的响应，目前还缺乏深入的讨论。本研究旨在量化黄土地区不同土地利用类型对Dc、土壤侵蚀性（kr）和临界剪切应力（τc）的影响，并根据根系性状与土壤性质之间的联系，探讨径流侵蚀条件下影响Dc的关键因素，结合PLS-SEM算法，建立Dc影响机制的元模型。从 6 种不同土地利用类型中采集了 270 个未扰动土壤样本，在 9 种特定的流速和坡度组合（流速：0.167-0.5 L s-1，坡度：10.5-20.8%）下进行了冲刷。结果表明，随着土地利用类型的变化，Dc 也发生了很大变化。灌木林地的平均 Dc 值仅为耕地的 1/22。kr 的变化趋势与 Dc 的变化趋势一致，而 τc 的变化趋势没有明显的规律性。分别用指数函数和希尔曲线模拟了根系密度参数与 Dc 的关系，希尔曲线的预测效果优于指数函数。与其他综合水力参数相比，剪应力（τ）是 Dc 最有效的预测因子。相关性和路径分析显示，土壤有机质（SOM）和根长密度（RLD）是 Dc 的最佳指标。此外，基于τ、SOM 和 RLD，建立了一个适合不同土地利用类型的无量纲 Dc 预测模型，该模型表现出较高的准确性（R2 = 0.955，NSE = 0.911）。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between soil structure and hydrological properties of the active layer in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on fractal theory 基于分形理论的青藏高原冻土区土壤结构与活动层水文特性之间的关系

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108518

Mingxia Lv , Yibo Wang , Zhanghuai Ma , Zeyong Gao , Xiaobin Wang

Soil structure and hydrological properties influence ecosystem stability and hydrological cycles. Fractal theory has been widely used in the quantitative analysis of soil particle-size distribution (PSD), aggregate and pore distribution, and evaluation of soil degradation, desertification, and wind erosion. However, the complex relationships between soil physiochemical properties and soil hydrological processes based on fractal theory have not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on the correlation among soil structure, physicochemical properties, and hydrological properties in the active layers of various soil types and vegetation coverages in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) using the principles of fractal theory. The results showed that the fractal dimension of soil PSD (D_PSD) in the active layer of the QTP was predominantly within the range of 2.13–2.70, which is notably smaller than the fractal dimension of the soil water retention curve (D_WRC: 2.72–2.93). With decreased vegetation coverage, the alpine soil particles exhibit gradual fineness, increasing the D_PSD. Soil physicochemical properties were affected by the interactions among internal factors and the external environment, such as geographical locations, slope orientations, vegetation coverages, and soil freeze–thaw cycles. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the fractal dimension of PSD and the soil water retention curve (WRC) were significantly correlated with soil textural, physicochemical, and hydraulic properties, particularly in clay, silt, and very fine sand content. Finally, a fractal model of WRC in the permafrost region was established based on D_PSD and WRC parameters of the Gardner and van Genuchten models. The study provides an improved perspective for revealing the transport process and influencing mechanism of soil water and salt in the active layer of the QTP and a more accurate prediction of soil physiochemical and hydrological properties for climate warming and wetting.

土壤结构和水文特性影响着生态系统的稳定性和水文循环。分形理论已被广泛应用于土壤粒径分布（PSD）、团聚和孔隙分布的定量分析，以及土壤退化、荒漠化和风蚀的评估。然而，基于分形理论的土壤理化性质与土壤水文过程之间的复杂关系尚未得到深入研究。本研究利用分形理论的原理，重点研究了青藏高原冻土区不同土壤类型和植被覆盖度下活动层土壤结构、理化性质和水文性质之间的相关性。结果表明，青藏高原活动层土壤PSD分形维数（DPSD）主要在2.13-2.70之间，明显小于土壤保水曲线分形维数（DWRC：2.72-2.93）。随着植被覆盖率的降低，高山土壤颗粒逐渐细化，从而增加了 DPSD。土壤理化性质受地理位置、坡向、植被覆盖度、土壤冻融循环等内部因素和外部环境的相互作用影响。相关性分析结果表明，PSD 的分形维数和土壤保水曲线（WRC）与土壤质地、物理化学和水力特性显著相关，尤其是在粘土、粉土和极细砂含量方面。最后，根据 Gardner 和 van Genuchten 模型中的 DPSD 和 WRC 参数，建立了冻土区 WRC 的分形模型。该研究为揭示 QTP 活动层土壤水盐的迁移过程和影响机制提供了一个更好的视角，并为气候变暖和变湿时土壤理化和水文特性的预测提供了更准确的依据。

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引用次数: 0

Decadal trends of black carbon and heavy metal accumulation in a lake sediment core from central China: A historical perspective 中国中部湖泊沉积物岩芯中黑碳和重金属累积的十年趋势：历史视角

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108513

Changlin Zhan , Dejun Wan , Yongming Han , Jiaquan Zhang , Shan Liu , Hongxia Liu , Tianpeng Hu , Wensheng Xiao , Junji Cao , Dong Li

Black carbon (BC) and heavy metal are vital indicators of historical human activities. This study investigates the historical pollution trends of BC, char, soot, and heavy metals in lake sediments from Yinjia Lake (YJL). BC, char, and soot concentrations exhibit similar historical trends, with average values of 1.59, 1.27, and 0.32 mg/g, respectively. Char, constituting 67.25–85.85 % of BC, indicates a dominant fraction in the lake. A notable increase in BC, char, and soot was observed post-1955, peaking in 2005, followed by a decline, reflecting local economic development and anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals, including Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, and Mn, also displayed a significant increase post-1950, with Cd showing an exceptionally high concentration. The average deposition fluxes of BC, char, and soot were consistent with their concentrations, peaking in 2005. The correlations between BC, char, soot, and heavy metals suggest BC’s role as a metal carrier, influenced by industrial and anthropogenic emissions. The char/soot ratio analysis indicates predominant biomass burning pre-1950 and increased fossil fuel combustion post-1950, with regional variations observed. The study highlights the impact of industrialization, urbanization, and policy changes on pollution trends in YJL.

黑碳（BC）和重金属是人类历史活动的重要指标。本研究调查了尹家湖湖泊沉积物中黑碳、炭黑、烟尘和重金属的历史污染趋势。萃取物、炭和烟尘的浓度呈现出相似的历史趋势，平均值分别为 1.59、1.27 和 0.32 mg/g。木炭占 BC 的 67.25-85.85%，是湖中的主要成分。据观测，1955 年后 BC、焦炭和烟尘显著增加，2005 年达到峰值，随后出现下降，这反映了当地的经济发展和人为活动。重金属（包括铜、镉、锌、铅、铬、钴、镍和锰）在 1950 年后也有显著增加，其中镉的浓度特别高。BC、焦炭和烟尘的平均沉积通量与其浓度一致，在 2005 年达到峰值。BC、焦炭、烟尘和重金属之间的相关性表明，受工业和人为排放的影响，BC 扮演着金属载体的角色。焦炭/烟尘比率分析表明，1950 年前生物质燃烧占主导地位，1950 年后化石燃料燃烧增加，并观察到区域差异。该研究强调了工业化、城市化和政策变化对雅江县污染趋势的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of bedrock permeability on runoff and soil loss in soil-mantled karst slopes under successive rainfall conditions 连续降雨条件下基岩渗透性对土壤覆盖岩溶斜坡径流和土壤流失的影响

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108524

Qian Fang , Ruyi Zi , Longshan Zhao , Chunhua Fan , Fayong Fang , Xiaohe Qian

Soil-mantled karst slopes exhibit rapid surface-belowground hydrological responses to rainfall because thin soil layers cover the bedrock. Bedrock features may play important roles in surface-belowground hydrological processes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, the effects of impermeable (no fissures) and permeable (3 % fissure rate) bedrock (BS1 and BS2, respectively) on the surface and belowground runoff and soil loss processes were investigated during three successive rainfall events. During each event, the surface runoff (SR), subsurface runoff (SBR), soil–rock interface flow (SRIF) and bedrock fissure permeation flow (BFPF) were recorded. The results showed that the SR and SBR rates for the BS1 slope were significantly greater than those for the BS2 slope (P < 0.05) under all rainfall events. During rainfall, the SR and SBR accounted for ∼ 19 % and 8 %-12 % of the rainwater on the BS1 slope, respectively, and both were less than 5 % of the rainwater on the BS2 slope. Approximately 40 %-55 % of the rainwater was partitioned into SRIF on BS1 slope, and 54 %-74 % of the rainwater was partitioned into the BFPF on the BS2 slope. Furthermore, the BFPF on the BS2 slope was 33 % greater than the SRIF on the BS1 slope at the 1st rainfall and it increased to 50 % at the 3rd rainfall, suggesting that the successive rainfall increased the difference in rainwater loss from the bedrock surfaces between the slopes with different permeabilities. The surface soil loss rate was very low (< 0.01 g·m²·s⁻¹) due to the low SR, and a significant positive correlation was found between the SR rate and surface soil loss rate (P < 0.01) for both slopes. Compared with that on the BS2 slope, the soil loss on the BS1 slope was greater because of the higher SR rate. The belowground soil loss curves were discontinuous, indicating that the belowground soil loss process was very different from the surface soil loss. Therefore, bedrock permeability has a strong influence on runoff and soil loss in soil-mantled karst slopes, and this effect further increases with successive rainfall events.

土壤覆盖的岩溶斜坡对降雨表现出快速的地表-地下水文反应，因为薄土层覆盖着基岩。基岩特征可能在地表-地下水文过程中发挥重要作用，但其基本机制仍不清楚。在此，我们研究了不透水（无裂隙）和透水（裂隙率为 3%）基岩（分别为 BS1 和 BS2）在三次连续降雨过程中对地表和地下径流及土壤流失过程的影响。在每次降雨过程中，记录了地表径流（SR）、地下径流（SBR）、土壤-岩石界面流（SRIF）和基岩裂隙渗透流（BFPF）。结果表明，在所有降雨事件中，BS1 斜坡的 SR 和 SBR 速率均明显高于 BS2 斜坡（P < 0.05）。降雨期间，SR 和 SBR 分别占 BS1 斜坡雨水的 19 % 和 8 %-12%，均小于 BS2 斜坡雨水的 5 %。在 BS1 斜坡上，约 40 %-55 % 的雨水被分流到 SRIF 中，而在 BS2 斜坡上，54 %-74 % 的雨水被分流到 BFPF 中。此外，在第 1 次降雨时，BS2 斜坡上的 BFPF 比 BS1 斜坡上的 SRIF 大 33%，在第 3 次降雨时，BFPF 比 SRIF 大 50%，这表明连续降雨加大了透水性不同的斜坡之间基岩表面雨水流失的差异。由于SR较低，表层土壤流失率很低（< 0.01 g-m2-s-1），两个斜坡的SR率与表层土壤流失率之间存在显著的正相关（P< 0.01）。与 BS2 斜坡上的土壤流失率相比，BS1 斜坡上的土壤流失率更大，因为 SR 率更高。地下土壤流失曲线不连续，表明地下土壤流失过程与地表土壤流失过程有很大不同。因此，基岩渗透性对土壤覆盖的岩溶斜坡的径流和土壤流失有很大影响，而且这种影响会随着降雨事件的连续发生而进一步增大。

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引用次数: 0

Cliff-foot sandy cones: A proxy to study the time frames, patterns and rates of sandstone caprock decay? 崖足砂锥：研究砂岩毛岩衰变的时间框架、模式和速率的替代物？

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108529

Filip Duszyński , Jarosław Waroszewski , Kaja Fenn , Andrzej Kacprzak , Kacper Jancewicz , Markus Egli

Constraining time frames, patterns and rates of sandstone caprock disintegration in tablelands under temperate climate remains challenging. This is due to the scarcity of material in the appropriate geomorphological context that could be dated. Sandy cones are widespread below the sandstone plateaus and may serve as a direct sedimentological evidence of caprock disintegration via subsurface erosion. However, they have not been utilised to their full potential. The paper presents the results of investigation of two sandy cones in the Stołowe Mountains tableland, SW Poland, and soil profiles developed within them. The study also included collecting material for charcoal ¹⁴C and single grain Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Both soil profiles (Dystric Arenosols (Humic)) are dominated by sand fraction. The lens–like laminae of light-coloured sand and darker material enriched in organic matter result from changing sedimentation dynamics. Charcoals were found to be widespread and occur down to the bottom of the studied soil profiles. While they record some of the oldest fire events ever documented in the tableland (mostly from Preboreal and Boreal, in one case from the Younger Dryas), we show that they are inappropriate to determine the timing of sediment deposition because of long residence time in the fissure network. Contrarily, single grain OSL dating is far better suited to trace the sedimentological history of the cones that initiated 10.5 ± 1.5 ka ago. The overall sedimentation trends are similar, likely reflecting climate fluctuations throughout the Holocene and the impact of deforestation. Although sandy cones may serve as a universal geochronological proxy in sandstone tablelands under temperate climate, the patterns and rates at which they develop are site-specific and controlled primarily by local geomorphological and topographical circumstances, governing the efficiency of the sediment supply. This finding was supported by a novel approach to the analysis of FMM components.

在温带气候条件下，确定台地砂岩毛岩崩解的时间框架、模式和速率仍然具有挑战性。这是因为在适当的地貌背景下，可以确定年代的材料很少。砂质圆锥体广泛分布于砂岩台地之下，可作为表岩通过地下侵蚀作用崩解的直接沉积证据。然而，它们并没有得到充分利用。本文介绍了对波兰西南部斯托沃韦山脉台地上的两个砂质圆锥体及其内部土壤剖面的调查结果。这项研究还包括收集材料进行木炭 14C 和单颗粒光致发光 (OSL) 测定。两个土壤剖面（Dystric Arenosols (Humic)）都以沙粒为主。透镜状的浅色砂层和富含有机质的深色物质层是沉积动力学变化的结果。炭化现象在所研究的土壤剖面底部广泛存在。虽然炭化岩记录了台地上有记载的一些最古老的火灾事件（大多发生在前寒武纪和寒武纪，其中一个发生在少干纪中），但我们发现，由于炭化岩在裂隙网络中的停留时间较长，它们并不适于确定沉积物的沉积时间。相反，单颗粒OSL测年法更适合追溯始于10.5 ± 1.5 ka前的海锥沉积历史。总体沉积趋势相似，可能反映了整个全新世的气候波动和森林砍伐的影响。尽管砂质圆锥可作为温带气候下砂岩台地的通用地质年代替代物，但其形成的模式和速度是因地制宜的，主要受当地地貌和地形环境的控制，并制约着沉积物供应的效率。这一发现得到了一种新的方法的支持，该方法用于分析 FMM 的组成部分。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ infiltration-runoff characterization of slopes under the influences of different rainfall patterns and slope gradients 不同降雨模式和坡度影响下的斜坡原位渗透-径流特征描述

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108519

Ruimin Chen , Hongqiang Dou , Yunzhao Lin , Qingling Liu , Wenbin Jian

The infiltration-runoff process plays a crucial role in hydrological studies. The influences of rainfall patterns and slope gradients on the infiltration-runoff process are not yet fully understood, particularly under field conditions. In-situ monitoring and experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a uniform rainfall pattern (UR, q = 17.5 mm h⁻¹ and q = 35 mm h⁻¹), the Chicago rainfall pattern (CR), and different slopes (β = 5° and 25°) on the infiltration, runoff, and sediment yield. The CR pattern is a mathematical model used to simulate natural rainfall based on historical rainfall data for a specific region. The results show that the response times of both the volumetric water content (VWC) and matric suction are directly proportional to depth, whereas their magnitudes are inversely proportional. The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) obtained using the van Genuchten (vG) model can be established based on monitoring data for the drying path. The rainwater transformation is altered by the CR pattern, prolonging the initial runoff time and reducing rainfall infiltration. The infiltration and runoff rate curves, which mirror the rainfall pattern, exhibit peak values that increase both the cumulative runoff and sediment yield. The runoff rate, shear stress, and hydraulic power are significantly increased by increasing the slope angle. This positively contributes to the runoff and sediment yield and reduces the rainfall infiltration. The soil water profile during infiltration can be qualitatively divided into three stages. A time correction parameter, which is highly related to the initial runoff time, is incorporated into the Kostiakov model to more precisely predict the infiltration process. This paper presents a novel approach for applying the CR pattern to hillslope hydrology. Our findings improve the understanding of the effects of rainfall patterns and gradients on rainwater transformation and sediment yield and provide a scientific reference for hydrological modelling.

渗透-径流过程在水文研究中起着至关重要的作用。降雨模式和坡度对入渗-径流过程的影响尚未得到充分了解，尤其是在实地条件下。我们通过现场监测和实验研究了均匀降雨模式（UR，q = 17.5 mm h-1 和 q = 35 mm h-1）、芝加哥降雨模式（CR）和不同坡度（β = 5° 和 25°）对入渗、径流和泥沙产量的影响。芝加哥降雨模式是一种数学模型，用于根据特定地区的历史降雨数据模拟自然降雨。结果表明，体积含水量（VWC）和母吸力的响应时间与深度成正比，而它们的大小成反比。使用 van Genuchten（vG）模型得到的土壤水分特征曲线（SWCC）可以根据干燥路径的监测数据确定。CR 模式改变了雨水转化，延长了初始径流时间，降低了降雨入渗率。反映降雨模式的下渗和径流速率曲线显示出峰值，增加了累积径流量和泥沙产量。增加坡角可显著提高径流量、剪应力和水力。这对径流量和泥沙量都有积极影响，并降低了降雨的渗透率。渗透过程中的土壤水剖面可定性地分为三个阶段。在 Kostiakov 模型中加入了与初始径流时间高度相关的时间校正参数，以更精确地预测渗透过程。本文提出了一种将 CR 模式应用于山坡水文的新方法。我们的研究结果加深了人们对降雨模式和梯度对雨水转化和泥沙产量影响的理解，为水文建模提供了科学参考。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of ecological drought vulnerability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2003 to 2022 based on multi-source data 基于多源数据的 2003-2022 年青藏高原生态干旱脆弱性评估

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108512

Junjie Lei , Chengsong Li , Wunian Yang , Xin Yang , Xiaolong Xing , Xiaoyu Feng

Ecological drought vulnerability (EDV) has become a focal point in global change research, underscoring the urgent necessity of establishing assessment criteria and estimating regional EDV using multisource data. We utilized a diverse array of data from 2003 to 2022, encompassing meteorological, hydrological, cryosphere, vegetation, soil, ecosystem, and land-use change information to develop a novel EDV index (EDVI) and construct spatial zoning for EDV land restoration for the unique ecological niches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results demonstrated that (1) Locations with increased EDV accounted for a smaller area than those with decreased. The increased area of 933,497.75 km², 29.26 % of the total area, was mainly in the southern and northwestern regions. (2) Zones with continuously increasing (E5), sustained high increasing (E6), sustained high EDV (E3), and EDV increase (E2), which are extensively distributed across the northern and northeastern QTP, cover a total area of 820,579.75 km², accounting for 25.72 % of the total area. These regions should be considered when implementing restoration and management measures in areas with high EDV. (3) The land liquid water equivalent thickness (LWET) and canopy water amount (CWA), which are negatively correlated with EDV trends, show a decreasing trend. Conversely, carbon dioxide (CO₂), evapotranspiration (ET), and land surface temperature (LST), which are positively correlated with EDV trends, show an increasing trend. These changes exacerbate the EDV in the QTP. This study is crucial for formulating effective mitigation strategies against EDV in the QTP and serves as a reference for other regions.

生态干旱脆弱性（EDV）已成为全球变化研究中的一个焦点，这说明迫切需要建立评估标准，并利用多源数据估算区域生态干旱脆弱性。我们利用 2003 年至 2022 年的各种数据，包括气象、水文、冰冻圈、植被、土壤、生态系统和土地利用变化信息，开发了一种新的生态干旱脆弱性指数（EDVI），并针对青藏高原独特的生态位构建了生态干旱脆弱性土地恢复空间分区。结果表明：(1) EDV 增加的地块所占面积小于 EDV 减少的地块。增加的面积为 933 497.75 平方公里，占总面积的 29.26%，主要分布在南部和西北部地区。(2）持续增加区（E5）、持续高增加区（E6）、持续高 EDV 区（E3）和 EDV 增加区（E2）广泛分布于北部和东北部 QTP，总面积为 820 579.75 平方公里，占总面积的 25.72%。在 EDV 高的地区实施恢复和管理措施时，应考虑这些区域。(3) 土地液态水当量厚度（LWET）和冠层水量（CWA）与 EDV 的变化趋势呈负相关，并呈下降趋势。相反，与 EDV 变化趋势呈正相关的二氧化碳（CO2）、蒸散量（ET）和地表温度（LST）则呈上升趋势。这些变化加剧了青藏高原热带雨林地区的干旱和退化。这项研究对于制定有效的缓解策略以应对青藏高原地区的气候变化至关重要，并可为其他地区提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Soil-forming factors controlling Technosol formation in historical mining and metallurgical sites in the high-alpine environment of the Tatra Mountains, southern Poland 控制波兰南部塔特拉山高山环境中历史采矿和冶金遗址技术溶胶形成的土壤形成因素

IF 5.4 1区农林科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Catena

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108521

Magdalena Tarnawczyk , Łukasz Uzarowicz , Wojciech Kwasowski , Beata Górka-Kostrubiec , Artur Pędziwiatr

The Tatra Mountains are a unique Central European alpine ecosystem where the non-anthropogenic soil cover and soil-forming processes are well recognized. However, the Technosols in the area’s high-mountain environment have not been studied in detail to date. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify the most important soil-forming factors controlling the properties of Technosols developed in historical mining and metallurgical sites in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland active from the 15^th Century until the end of the 19^th. The present paper is one of the first attempts to study the genetic aspects of high-mountain Technosols in the temperate climatic zone. The study involved determining soil morphology and classification, soil properties, magnetic susceptibility, mineral composition, optical microscopic observations and total concentration of major elements. The studied Technosols were poorly developed soils with simple soil morphology (mainly A horizon in the topsoil and C horizons in the subsoil). There was a high content of rock fragments. The research has shown that the properties of Technosols in the Tatra Mountains were primarily determined by past human activities like mining and metallurgy as well as the type of anthropogenic parent material, which included mining wastes and metallurgical slags and determined soil properties together with mineral and chemical composition. Soil formation was significantly influenced by vegetation which was conditioned by the relief and climatic conditions dependent on altitudinal zonation. Vegetation and plant-derived soil organic matter shaped topsoil properties. The lengthy soil-forming process acting since a few centuries in some Technosols led to the formation of Bw horizons.

塔特拉山是一个独特的中欧高山生态系统，这里的非人为土壤覆盖和土壤形成过程已得到广泛认可。然而，该地区高山环境中的 Technosols 至今尚未得到详细研究。因此，本研究的目的是确定控制波兰南部塔特拉山历史采矿和冶金遗址中形成的 Technosols 特性的最重要土壤形成因素，这些遗址活跃于 15 世纪至 19 世纪末。本文是研究温带气候区高山 Technosols 遗传方面的首次尝试之一。研究包括确定土壤形态和分类、土壤性质、磁感应强度、矿物成分、光学显微镜观察和主要元素的总浓度。所研究的技术溶胶土壤发育不良，土壤形态简单（主要是表土中的 A 层和底土中的 C 层）。岩石碎片含量较高。研究表明，塔特拉山的 Technosols 特性主要由过去的人类活动（如采矿和冶金）以及人为母质类型（包括采矿废料和冶金渣）决定，并与矿物和化学成分一起决定了土壤的特性。植被对土壤的形成有很大影响，而植被又受地势和气候条件的制约，这与海拔高度分区有关。植被和植物衍生的土壤有机质决定了表土的性质。在一些 Technosols 中，几个世纪以来漫长的土壤形成过程导致了 Bw 地层的形成。

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引用次数: 0

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