Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1177/02624893221130154
Jiaxing Zhang Hui Chen, Z. Shan
Using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as core monomers and polystyrene as the shell layer, polymer hollow microspheres (PHM) with good stability were prepared by using an alkali osmotic swelling method followed by spray drying. The average size of the PHM was approximately 875 nm. As a filling cross-linking agent, the PHM were added to a skin collagen material to disperse and fix, and a “polymer hollow microsphere composite collagen fiber” (PHCC) material was obtained. The results show that the PHM improve the mechanical strength, thermal stability and water resistance of the skin collagen material. The PHCC material has a low thermal conductivity (0.035 W/(K·m)) and excellent sound insulation performance and retains the soft and delicate touch of leather, which has application value in high-grade decorative materials and functional leather. This provides a new approach for developing flexible sound-absorbing thermal insulation materials.
{"title":"A sound-absorbing and heat-insulating collagen fiber composite material","authors":"Jiaxing Zhang Hui Chen, Z. Shan","doi":"10.1177/02624893221130154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221130154","url":null,"abstract":"Using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as core monomers and polystyrene as the shell layer, polymer hollow microspheres (PHM) with good stability were prepared by using an alkali osmotic swelling method followed by spray drying. The average size of the PHM was approximately 875 nm. As a filling cross-linking agent, the PHM were added to a skin collagen material to disperse and fix, and a “polymer hollow microsphere composite collagen fiber” (PHCC) material was obtained. The results show that the PHM improve the mechanical strength, thermal stability and water resistance of the skin collagen material. The PHCC material has a low thermal conductivity (0.035 W/(K·m)) and excellent sound insulation performance and retains the soft and delicate touch of leather, which has application value in high-grade decorative materials and functional leather. This provides a new approach for developing flexible sound-absorbing thermal insulation materials.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1177/02624893221123391
Alok K Upadhyay, A. Ullas
Polymer syntactic foams are lightweight polymer composites that are prepared by introducing hollow microspheres in a resin. The main endeavour is to obtain a significant reduction in the weight of the composite along with energy absorption. The present investigation aims to prepare poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-hollow glass microballoons (HGM) (40–60% v/v) syntactic foams. Not only did HGM reduce the density of the syntactic foams but also act as a reinforcing phase and increase the compressive properties of PDMS. A ∼25% reduction in density was obtained in syntactic foam when compared to the neat elastomer. Similarly, an improvement of ∼118% in compressive strength was attained at 40% loading of HGM in PDMS. Specific compressive strength and toughness values also registered improvements of the order of ∼191 and ∼240% respectively which highlight the potential of PDMS syntactic foams in varied applications. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Compressive Properties of Poly (Dimethylsiloxane)–Hollow Glass Microballoons Syntactic Foams","authors":"Alok K Upadhyay, A. Ullas","doi":"10.1177/02624893221123391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221123391","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer syntactic foams are lightweight polymer composites that are prepared by introducing hollow microspheres in a resin. The main endeavour is to obtain a significant reduction in the weight of the composite along with energy absorption. The present investigation aims to prepare poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-hollow glass microballoons (HGM) (40–60% v/v) syntactic foams. Not only did HGM reduce the density of the syntactic foams but also act as a reinforcing phase and increase the compressive properties of PDMS. A ∼25% reduction in density was obtained in syntactic foam when compared to the neat elastomer. Similarly, an improvement of ∼118% in compressive strength was attained at 40% loading of HGM in PDMS. Specific compressive strength and toughness values also registered improvements of the order of ∼191 and ∼240% respectively which highlight the potential of PDMS syntactic foams in varied applications. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1177/02624893221120535
Qian Wu, Huijie Gu, Haiyan Cui, Shu Zhou
Porous hydrogel dressings show breathability and possibility to carry and release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to promote wound healing. However, the difficult replacement may lead to the secondary damage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a method platform to control the degradation rate of hydrogel, so as to realize the on-demand replacement. The present study fabricated a porous hydrogel from co-polymized N,N′-bis(acryloyl) cystamine (BAC), allyl polyethylene glycol 500 (APEG500) and acrylic acid (AA) with the presence of polycaprolactone (PCL). BAC contains disulfide bond, which crosslinked the hydrogel. The pore size of the porous hydrogel was 400–600 μm. Higher content of BAC indicated higher crosslinking density, which reduced swelling ratio of hydrogel, while promoted hydrogel storage modulus. At the same time, the presence of PCL reduced swelling ratio of hydrogel, while promoted hydrogel mechanical properties, endowing hydrogel with tough feature. Porous hydrogels that crosslinked by disulfide bonds immersed in glutathione solution were found to degrade spontaneously and quickly due to the response to glutathione. Both crosslinking density and PCL content affected the degradation rate. The porous hydrogel carrying bFGF was applied to wound, promoting angiogenesis, thus accelerating wound healing within 12 d. Due to the spontaneous and rapid degradation of optimized porous hydrogel on wound within 3 days, there was no operation of removing dressing during treatment, avoiding damage during dressing replacement.
{"title":"Porous synthetic hydrogel carrying basic fibroblast growth factor with controllable and rapid degradation rate to promote wound healing","authors":"Qian Wu, Huijie Gu, Haiyan Cui, Shu Zhou","doi":"10.1177/02624893221120535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221120535","url":null,"abstract":"Porous hydrogel dressings show breathability and possibility to carry and release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to promote wound healing. However, the difficult replacement may lead to the secondary damage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a method platform to control the degradation rate of hydrogel, so as to realize the on-demand replacement. The present study fabricated a porous hydrogel from co-polymized N,N′-bis(acryloyl) cystamine (BAC), allyl polyethylene glycol 500 (APEG500) and acrylic acid (AA) with the presence of polycaprolactone (PCL). BAC contains disulfide bond, which crosslinked the hydrogel. The pore size of the porous hydrogel was 400–600 μm. Higher content of BAC indicated higher crosslinking density, which reduced swelling ratio of hydrogel, while promoted hydrogel storage modulus. At the same time, the presence of PCL reduced swelling ratio of hydrogel, while promoted hydrogel mechanical properties, endowing hydrogel with tough feature. Porous hydrogels that crosslinked by disulfide bonds immersed in glutathione solution were found to degrade spontaneously and quickly due to the response to glutathione. Both crosslinking density and PCL content affected the degradation rate. The porous hydrogel carrying bFGF was applied to wound, promoting angiogenesis, thus accelerating wound healing within 12 d. Due to the spontaneous and rapid degradation of optimized porous hydrogel on wound within 3 days, there was no operation of removing dressing during treatment, avoiding damage during dressing replacement.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49356022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to explore the potential utilization value of iron tailings, the typical solid waste-iron tailings was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) as a flame retardant filler in this paper. The flame retardant performance, combustion performance, gas-phase products and char residue’s related properties of RPUF/ITS composites were systematically investigated by limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric (TG), cone calorimetry (CCT) and thermogravimetric-infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The results showed that ITS improved the overall thermal stability of the composites, and the T-5%, T-50%, Tmax1, Tmax2 and char residue rates were all higher than those of the pure samples. The CCT indicated that ITS had a certain effect on smoke suppression and heat release reduction. The peak heat release rate of RPUF-6 was reduced by 22.75% compared with that of the pure sample, and the total smoke release of RPUF-2 was reduced by 25.36%. Smoke factor (SF), fire growth rate index and fire performance index indicated that ITS reduced the fire risk of RPUF/ITS composites. TG-FTIR showed that ITS inhibited the decomposition of RPUF/ITS composites, and the release intensity of hydrocarbons, CO2, isocyanate compound, CO, aromatic compounds and esters decreased significantly. TG, MCC, scanning electron microscope and Raman implied that ITS promoted the formation of a dense char layer in RPUF and improved the heat resistance of the char layer.
{"title":"Rigid polyurethane foam composites based on iron tailing: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and fire toxicity","authors":"Yadong Yang, Hai-jian Shen, Yuzhou Luo, Renhui Zhang, Junjie Sun, Xiuyu Liu, Zhifang Zong, Gang Tang","doi":"10.1177/02624893221105317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221105317","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the potential utilization value of iron tailings, the typical solid waste-iron tailings was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) as a flame retardant filler in this paper. The flame retardant performance, combustion performance, gas-phase products and char residue’s related properties of RPUF/ITS composites were systematically investigated by limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric (TG), cone calorimetry (CCT) and thermogravimetric-infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The results showed that ITS improved the overall thermal stability of the composites, and the T-5%, T-50%, Tmax1, Tmax2 and char residue rates were all higher than those of the pure samples. The CCT indicated that ITS had a certain effect on smoke suppression and heat release reduction. The peak heat release rate of RPUF-6 was reduced by 22.75% compared with that of the pure sample, and the total smoke release of RPUF-2 was reduced by 25.36%. Smoke factor (SF), fire growth rate index and fire performance index indicated that ITS reduced the fire risk of RPUF/ITS composites. TG-FTIR showed that ITS inhibited the decomposition of RPUF/ITS composites, and the release intensity of hydrocarbons, CO2, isocyanate compound, CO, aromatic compounds and esters decreased significantly. TG, MCC, scanning electron microscope and Raman implied that ITS promoted the formation of a dense char layer in RPUF and improved the heat resistance of the char layer.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1177/02624893221101147
B. John, CP Reghunadhan Nair
Syntactic foams, low density composites consisting of hollow microballoons or microspheres dispersed in a matrix, find application in various fields. The properties of these light weight composites can be easily tuned by suitably selecting the matrix and the hollow microsphere filler and their composition. Among the various matrices employed in syntactic foams, phenolic resins have enticed the researchers owing to their salient features viz. high thermal stability, high char yield, structural integrity etc. This review gives an overview of phenolic syntactic foams with a focus on various phenolic resin based syntactic foams and modified syntactic foams. Finally, applications of phenolic syntactic foams are also covered.
{"title":"Phenolic syntactic foams: Low-density composites for structural and thermostructural applications","authors":"B. John, CP Reghunadhan Nair","doi":"10.1177/02624893221101147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221101147","url":null,"abstract":"Syntactic foams, low density composites consisting of hollow microballoons or microspheres dispersed in a matrix, find application in various fields. The properties of these light weight composites can be easily tuned by suitably selecting the matrix and the hollow microsphere filler and their composition. Among the various matrices employed in syntactic foams, phenolic resins have enticed the researchers owing to their salient features viz. high thermal stability, high char yield, structural integrity etc. This review gives an overview of phenolic syntactic foams with a focus on various phenolic resin based syntactic foams and modified syntactic foams. Finally, applications of phenolic syntactic foams are also covered.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1177/02624893221101170
Z. Ahmad, P. Mahanwar
This article aims to highlight the synthesis of foams from a blend of hydroxyurethane of castor oil and epoxy resin. An epoxidized castor oil of 4% oxirane oxygen was first converted to cyclic carbonate of castor oil at 120°C, 1 atm CO2 pressure and then it was reacted with three different aliphatic diamines to yield amine terminated Polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). Foams were prepared in a metal mould from the blend of PHU, epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and polymethylhydrogensiloxane blowing agent which releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with amine. FTIR and 1H NMR of cyclic carbonate of castor oil and PHU of castor oil were done to confirm their chemical structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of foams was done to assess their cellular morphology along with DSC and TGA to evaluate their thermal properties. Both flexible and rigid type of foams were synthesised in this study. Resilience of flexible foams was inspected using a ball rebound test and compression-recovery test while thermal insulation property was checked by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and R-values of rigid foams from heat transfer study using a heat transfer apparatus.
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of foams from a blend of vegetable oil based polyhydroxyurethane and epoxy resin","authors":"Z. Ahmad, P. Mahanwar","doi":"10.1177/02624893221101170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221101170","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to highlight the synthesis of foams from a blend of hydroxyurethane of castor oil and epoxy resin. An epoxidized castor oil of 4% oxirane oxygen was first converted to cyclic carbonate of castor oil at 120°C, 1 atm CO2 pressure and then it was reacted with three different aliphatic diamines to yield amine terminated Polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). Foams were prepared in a metal mould from the blend of PHU, epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and polymethylhydrogensiloxane blowing agent which releases hydrogen gas upon reaction with amine. FTIR and 1H NMR of cyclic carbonate of castor oil and PHU of castor oil were done to confirm their chemical structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of foams was done to assess their cellular morphology along with DSC and TGA to evaluate their thermal properties. Both flexible and rigid type of foams were synthesised in this study. Resilience of flexible foams was inspected using a ball rebound test and compression-recovery test while thermal insulation property was checked by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and R-values of rigid foams from heat transfer study using a heat transfer apparatus.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45797347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1177/02624893221084895
Dorra Ben Abdeljelil, S. Chatti, Raja O Ahmed Ben Ali
Anisotropic cellular materials, such as polymeric foams, play an important role in structures subjected to cyclic loadings. The present paper provides an experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of an anisotropic polyurethane foam subjected to cyclic compressive loadings under two perpendicular orientations: the rising and perpendicular directions. The foam samples are loaded under three different strain rates and various deformations. The experimental results are presented in terms of elasticity modulus, maximal compressive stress, effective energy absorption capacity, and residual strain. It is proved that the investigated polyurethane foam presents a macroscopic mechanical anisotropy caused by microscopic cell elongation in the foaming direction. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the mechanical behavior of the foam is fully influenced by both deformation rates and imposed strains. The experimental stress–strain curves are modelized using an empirical model considering an adjustable modulus of elasticity. The analytical results show a good agreement with the experiments.
{"title":"Effect of strain rate and load orientation on cyclic response of anisotropic polyurethane foam","authors":"Dorra Ben Abdeljelil, S. Chatti, Raja O Ahmed Ben Ali","doi":"10.1177/02624893221084895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893221084895","url":null,"abstract":"Anisotropic cellular materials, such as polymeric foams, play an important role in structures subjected to cyclic loadings. The present paper provides an experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of an anisotropic polyurethane foam subjected to cyclic compressive loadings under two perpendicular orientations: the rising and perpendicular directions. The foam samples are loaded under three different strain rates and various deformations. The experimental results are presented in terms of elasticity modulus, maximal compressive stress, effective energy absorption capacity, and residual strain. It is proved that the investigated polyurethane foam presents a macroscopic mechanical anisotropy caused by microscopic cell elongation in the foaming direction. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the mechanical behavior of the foam is fully influenced by both deformation rates and imposed strains. The experimental stress–strain curves are modelized using an empirical model considering an adjustable modulus of elasticity. The analytical results show a good agreement with the experiments.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1177/02624893211073539
Keng-ben Wang, Ya‐qiong Huang, Xiaoming Cheng, J. Yeh
The micro foaming performance, moisture resistance and dynamic viscosity of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic tapioca starch (GA/SHMP/TOS) foams were considerably improved by proper NaOH treatment. The expansion ratio, resilience rate, dynamic viscosity values of these NaOH modified foams improved to a maximum, as the time for NaOH treatment approached a proper value. The dynamic viscosity, expansion ratio and resilience rate of the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS foams modified using 110 atm scCO2-pressure, the proper alkali treatment time, SHMP loading and varying montmorillonite (MMT) loadings improved further, as their MMT loadings approached a proper value of 2.5 part per hundred parts of tapioca starch (PHTOS). Relatively large dynamic viscosity (7.1x104 Pa·s), extremely large expansion ratio (∼75), cell density (1.1x109 cells/cm3) and/or resilience rate (∼80%) were acquired for the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foam modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading. Thermal analyses results showed that crystallization onset temperatures and crystallization rates of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and varying MMT loadings improved to a highest value by adding 2.5 PHTOS of MMT nano-platelets. Possible reasons accounting for the considerably improved micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading are proposed in this study.
{"title":"Micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets","authors":"Keng-ben Wang, Ya‐qiong Huang, Xiaoming Cheng, J. Yeh","doi":"10.1177/02624893211073539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893211073539","url":null,"abstract":"The micro foaming performance, moisture resistance and dynamic viscosity of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic tapioca starch (GA/SHMP/TOS) foams were considerably improved by proper NaOH treatment. The expansion ratio, resilience rate, dynamic viscosity values of these NaOH modified foams improved to a maximum, as the time for NaOH treatment approached a proper value. The dynamic viscosity, expansion ratio and resilience rate of the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS foams modified using 110 atm scCO2-pressure, the proper alkali treatment time, SHMP loading and varying montmorillonite (MMT) loadings improved further, as their MMT loadings approached a proper value of 2.5 part per hundred parts of tapioca starch (PHTOS). Relatively large dynamic viscosity (7.1x104 Pa·s), extremely large expansion ratio (∼75), cell density (1.1x109 cells/cm3) and/or resilience rate (∼80%) were acquired for the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foam modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading. Thermal analyses results showed that crystallization onset temperatures and crystallization rates of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and varying MMT loadings improved to a highest value by adding 2.5 PHTOS of MMT nano-platelets. Possible reasons accounting for the considerably improved micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading are proposed in this study.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1177/02624893211061633
M. H. Dzulkifli, M. Yahya, R. A. Majid
This paper presents the experimental work undertaken to assess rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam. The bio-composite foam was characterized to determine its foaming kinetics and morphology, as well as fire retardancy, thermal, and mechanical responses, which was later compared with its petrochemical-based counterpart. The palm oil-based foam displayed poor fire-retardancy performance based on Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 Vertical Combustion Test. Although less char residue was produced, the palm oil-based PU foam exhibited higher onset degradation temperatures, indicating improved thermal stability. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed finer cell sizes for the bio-based foam and a higher fraction of open cell structures, which affected its density and compressive properties. As a conclusion, the palm oil-based PU foam is a viable alternative to be utilized in low load-bearing and thermal environment applications.
{"title":"Fire retardancy, thermal, and physico-mechanical properties of semi-rigid water-blown polyurethane foam from palm oil-based polyol","authors":"M. H. Dzulkifli, M. Yahya, R. A. Majid","doi":"10.1177/02624893211061633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893211061633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the experimental work undertaken to assess rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam. The bio-composite foam was characterized to determine its foaming kinetics and morphology, as well as fire retardancy, thermal, and mechanical responses, which was later compared with its petrochemical-based counterpart. The palm oil-based foam displayed poor fire-retardancy performance based on Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 Vertical Combustion Test. Although less char residue was produced, the palm oil-based PU foam exhibited higher onset degradation temperatures, indicating improved thermal stability. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed finer cell sizes for the bio-based foam and a higher fraction of open cell structures, which affected its density and compressive properties. As a conclusion, the palm oil-based PU foam is a viable alternative to be utilized in low load-bearing and thermal environment applications.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45353715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1177/02624893211061631
Anna Hössinger-Kalteis, M. Reiter, M. Jerabek, Z. Major
As foams have become very important in several areas and since characterizing their properties is a crucial task, a finite element simulation model for high-density closed cell foams based on computed tomography (CT) measurements is developed. The model includes realistic microstructural features like cell size distribution due to the utilization of CT data. Moreover, a ‘skin-core-skin’ microstructure resulting from the manufacturing process (injection moulding) of the foams is also considered in the model. The mechanical behaviour of the foam’s core layer under tension and compression load is characterized based on the microstructural model to develop constitutive material models of the foam. These constitutive models enable further mechanical characterization of the foam with less computational effort. Compression and bending test simulations of injection moulded foams with three different densities are validated with corresponding experimental results. Thus, conclusions can be drawn regarding the reliability, applicability and possible further extensions of the high-density foam model.
{"title":"Development and investigation of the applicability of computed tomography data-based modelling technique for polymeric high-density foams","authors":"Anna Hössinger-Kalteis, M. Reiter, M. Jerabek, Z. Major","doi":"10.1177/02624893211061631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893211061631","url":null,"abstract":"As foams have become very important in several areas and since characterizing their properties is a crucial task, a finite element simulation model for high-density closed cell foams based on computed tomography (CT) measurements is developed. The model includes realistic microstructural features like cell size distribution due to the utilization of CT data. Moreover, a ‘skin-core-skin’ microstructure resulting from the manufacturing process (injection moulding) of the foams is also considered in the model. The mechanical behaviour of the foam’s core layer under tension and compression load is characterized based on the microstructural model to develop constitutive material models of the foam. These constitutive models enable further mechanical characterization of the foam with less computational effort. Compression and bending test simulations of injection moulded foams with three different densities are validated with corresponding experimental results. Thus, conclusions can be drawn regarding the reliability, applicability and possible further extensions of the high-density foam model.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41430920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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