Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1177/0262489319951401003
A. Parfondry, E. Cassidy
{"title":"Recent Developments in “Waterlily” Comfort Cushioning for the Flexible Slabstock Industry","authors":"A. Parfondry, E. Cassidy","doi":"10.1177/0262489319951401003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0262489319951401003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past decades, natural rubber (NR) foams became popular in the automotive, construction and aerospace industries because of their lightweight, flexibility and shock-absorbing properties. The selection of optimal formulation and processing parameters is critical to produce foam with specific properties depending on the application. In this study, the effect of foaming agent concentration, foaming temperature and time on the morphological and mechanical properties of NR foams was investigated. First, increasing the foaming agent content from 5 to 9 phr (parts per hundred rubber) increased the cell size (16%), while decreasing the compression modulus (28%). In the second part, increasing the foaming temperature (145 to 155°C) resulted in larger cell size (163%); while decreasing the cell density (28%), compression modulus (2%), and hardness (1%). In the third part, increasing the foaming time (25 to 45 min) led to smaller cell size (63%) combined with higher cell density (100%), compression modulus (16%), and hardness (3%). Based on all the results obtained, the best NR foam was obtained with 7 phr of foaming agent and produced at 150°C for 35 min leading to superior morphological and mechanical performance: the smallest cell size (25 µm) and the most uniform cell size distribution ( Đ = 1.03) generating the highest compression modulus (3.36 MPa). Finally, the experimental compression results were combined to build a nonlinear regression model to optimize the formulation and processing conditions leading to 6.5 phr of OBSH molded at 150°C for 36 min. The model showed good agreement with a validation test with less than 2% deviation observed for both compression modulus and strength.
{"title":"Optimization of natural rubber foams: Effect of foaming agent content and processing conditions on the cellular structure and mechanical properties","authors":"Ehsan Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil, Hibal Ahmad, Hossein Kazemi, Denis Rodrigue","doi":"10.1177/02624893241241680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893241241680","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, natural rubber (NR) foams became popular in the automotive, construction and aerospace industries because of their lightweight, flexibility and shock-absorbing properties. The selection of optimal formulation and processing parameters is critical to produce foam with specific properties depending on the application. In this study, the effect of foaming agent concentration, foaming temperature and time on the morphological and mechanical properties of NR foams was investigated. First, increasing the foaming agent content from 5 to 9 phr (parts per hundred rubber) increased the cell size (16%), while decreasing the compression modulus (28%). In the second part, increasing the foaming temperature (145 to 155°C) resulted in larger cell size (163%); while decreasing the cell density (28%), compression modulus (2%), and hardness (1%). In the third part, increasing the foaming time (25 to 45 min) led to smaller cell size (63%) combined with higher cell density (100%), compression modulus (16%), and hardness (3%). Based on all the results obtained, the best NR foam was obtained with 7 phr of foaming agent and produced at 150°C for 35 min leading to superior morphological and mechanical performance: the smallest cell size (25 µm) and the most uniform cell size distribution ( Đ = 1.03) generating the highest compression modulus (3.36 MPa). Finally, the experimental compression results were combined to build a nonlinear regression model to optimize the formulation and processing conditions leading to 6.5 phr of OBSH molded at 150°C for 36 min. The model showed good agreement with a validation test with less than 2% deviation observed for both compression modulus and strength.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, glycerol was chemically modified into novel toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based trifunctional polyol (NTP) by a two step process, involving the reaction of TDI with glycerol to form an isocyanate-terminated pre-polymer, followed by the reaction with glycol. A thermal and mechanical property of water-blown rigid polyurethane foam (WB-PUF) was enhanced by the partial substitution (30 & 50 wt%) of castor oil with glycerol or synthesized NTP. The effects of glycerol content and NTP on the WB-PUF properties were investigated using various characterization techniques including ATR-FTIR, TGA, SEM, compression test, and Shore-A hardness test. Notably, the introduction of NTP substitution into the formulation of WB-PUF foams had beneficial impact on the structure of materials enhancing foam density from 77 kg/m 3 to 117 kg/m 3 and also exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties compared to those with glycerol and unmodified foams. Shore A hardness and compression strength of those foams ranged from 50 to 69.5 °Sh A and 1.88-3.28 MPa, respectively. These findings suggest potential applications of the modified WB-PUF in areas such as rigid tissue engineering.
{"title":"Improved thermal and mechanical properties of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams synthesized with renewable castor oil and toluene diisocyanate-based trifunctional polyols","authors":"Vennila Srinivasan, Sumalatha Vasam, Sankar Govindarajan","doi":"10.1177/02624893231204620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231204620","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, glycerol was chemically modified into novel toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based trifunctional polyol (NTP) by a two step process, involving the reaction of TDI with glycerol to form an isocyanate-terminated pre-polymer, followed by the reaction with glycol. A thermal and mechanical property of water-blown rigid polyurethane foam (WB-PUF) was enhanced by the partial substitution (30 & 50 wt%) of castor oil with glycerol or synthesized NTP. The effects of glycerol content and NTP on the WB-PUF properties were investigated using various characterization techniques including ATR-FTIR, TGA, SEM, compression test, and Shore-A hardness test. Notably, the introduction of NTP substitution into the formulation of WB-PUF foams had beneficial impact on the structure of materials enhancing foam density from 77 kg/m 3 to 117 kg/m 3 and also exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties compared to those with glycerol and unmodified foams. Shore A hardness and compression strength of those foams ranged from 50 to 69.5 °Sh A and 1.88-3.28 MPa, respectively. These findings suggest potential applications of the modified WB-PUF in areas such as rigid tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/02624893231204773
Ugur SOYKAN, Sedat CETIN, Ugur YAHSI
This study brokes new ground to understand the insulation and permeability performances of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) containing the different contents of micron-sized turkey feather powders (TFPs) depending on the free volume change for the first time. The effects of TFPs loading on the RPUFs were investigated by the examination of their structural and chemical features (particle size and ATR-FTIR analyses), free volume property (PALS analysis), insulation features (thermal conductivity and sound absorption tests), permeability performance (air and water vapor permeability tests) and cellular topology (SEM). PALS analysis results revealed that the addition of TFPs into the foams led to the sharp decrease in all free volume parameters since TFPs caused the formation of the disordered cells by occupying the holes in the matrix. Furthermore, both thermal conductivity and acoustic performance of the resulting foams get worse when compared to unfilled RPUF. This results were attributed to the formation of thinner and weaker cells during polymerization, reduction in the amount of CO 2 inside the cells, enhancement in the solid-phase level in the matrix due to the increasing of volumetric density. Additionally, the foam samples with high content of TFPs showed considerably lower air and water vapor permeabilities when compared to neat RPUFs due to the dominant hydrophobic character of the keratin and reduction in the degree of vacancies in the matrix. SEM analysis also revealed that TFPs showed good compatibility with RPUF, but the distorted and irregular shaped cellular morphology was obtained at high contents.
{"title":"Detailed investigation on the insulation and permeability characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam loaded with micron-sized Turkey feather powder depending on the free volume change","authors":"Ugur SOYKAN, Sedat CETIN, Ugur YAHSI","doi":"10.1177/02624893231204773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231204773","url":null,"abstract":"This study brokes new ground to understand the insulation and permeability performances of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) containing the different contents of micron-sized turkey feather powders (TFPs) depending on the free volume change for the first time. The effects of TFPs loading on the RPUFs were investigated by the examination of their structural and chemical features (particle size and ATR-FTIR analyses), free volume property (PALS analysis), insulation features (thermal conductivity and sound absorption tests), permeability performance (air and water vapor permeability tests) and cellular topology (SEM). PALS analysis results revealed that the addition of TFPs into the foams led to the sharp decrease in all free volume parameters since TFPs caused the formation of the disordered cells by occupying the holes in the matrix. Furthermore, both thermal conductivity and acoustic performance of the resulting foams get worse when compared to unfilled RPUF. This results were attributed to the formation of thinner and weaker cells during polymerization, reduction in the amount of CO 2 inside the cells, enhancement in the solid-phase level in the matrix due to the increasing of volumetric density. Additionally, the foam samples with high content of TFPs showed considerably lower air and water vapor permeabilities when compared to neat RPUFs due to the dominant hydrophobic character of the keratin and reduction in the degree of vacancies in the matrix. SEM analysis also revealed that TFPs showed good compatibility with RPUF, but the distorted and irregular shaped cellular morphology was obtained at high contents.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/02624893231203376
Raghavendrakumar Rangappa, Shu-Kai Yeh
Fabricating low-density elastomeric foams with a homogenous cell structure has been challenging because of foam shrinkage. The low modulus of the elastomers and the high diffusivity of blowing agents lead to foam shrinkage and poor surface quality. Using N 2 as a physical blowing agent (PBA) is an eco-friendly foaming method to overcome foam shrinkage. In this study, PTMEG-MDI/BD-based TPU with a hardness of 85A, 90A, and 95A were foamed using N 2 . Nitrogen as a blowing agent created a homogeneous cell structure with an expansion ratio of more than five times, an average cell size of less than 25 μm, and a cell density of more than 10 9 cells/cm 3 . The shrinkage ratio and cellular morphology of CO 2 - and N 2 -blown TPU foam were compared at their maximum expansion ratio. At the maximum expansion ratio, the N 2 -blown foams exhibited a fine cell structure with a shrinkage ratio of less than 4%. However, the CO 2 -blown TPU foam showed a shrinkage ratio of 12.7% with significant cracks in the sample. The results demonstrate that using N 2 as a blowing agent can achieve an expansion ratio similar to that of CO 2 -blown foam, and the shrinkage problems of elastomeric foams can be significantly eliminated, which may help to maintain the physical properties of the foam.
{"title":"Investigating the role and impact of N<sub>2</sub> as a blowing agent in the fabrication of thermoplastic polyurethane foams","authors":"Raghavendrakumar Rangappa, Shu-Kai Yeh","doi":"10.1177/02624893231203376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231203376","url":null,"abstract":"Fabricating low-density elastomeric foams with a homogenous cell structure has been challenging because of foam shrinkage. The low modulus of the elastomers and the high diffusivity of blowing agents lead to foam shrinkage and poor surface quality. Using N 2 as a physical blowing agent (PBA) is an eco-friendly foaming method to overcome foam shrinkage. In this study, PTMEG-MDI/BD-based TPU with a hardness of 85A, 90A, and 95A were foamed using N 2 . Nitrogen as a blowing agent created a homogeneous cell structure with an expansion ratio of more than five times, an average cell size of less than 25 μm, and a cell density of more than 10 9 cells/cm 3 . The shrinkage ratio and cellular morphology of CO 2 - and N 2 -blown TPU foam were compared at their maximum expansion ratio. At the maximum expansion ratio, the N 2 -blown foams exhibited a fine cell structure with a shrinkage ratio of less than 4%. However, the CO 2 -blown TPU foam showed a shrinkage ratio of 12.7% with significant cracks in the sample. The results demonstrate that using N 2 as a blowing agent can achieve an expansion ratio similar to that of CO 2 -blown foam, and the shrinkage problems of elastomeric foams can be significantly eliminated, which may help to maintain the physical properties of the foam.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1177/02624893231193501
M. E. Ergun, E. Ozen, N. Yildirim, Berk Dalkilic, Ergun Baysal
The study developed and designed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) foams using advanced freeze-drying technology, which exhibited good heat-insulating ability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. Different combinations of bleach kraft pulp, water-soluble chitosan, and zinc borate were used to reinforce the foams. The foams exhibited desirable compression and flexural properties, with compression strength and compression modulus ranging from 0.01 MPa to 0.08 MPa and 0.05 MPa to 0.29 MPa, respectively, while flexural strength and flexural modulus ranged from 0.12 MPa to 5.37 MPa and 9.86 MPa to 260,85 MPa, respectively. The use of zinc borate as a reinforcement resulted in improved thermal properties and reduced mass loss at 600°C by 20.69%. Thermal conductivity tests indicated that the foams had low thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.037 W/mK to 0.074 W/mK. The foams with zinc borate (60 g/L) and high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (70 g/L) reinforcement exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.72%. Overall, the results suggest that the PVAc foams could serve as a promising sustainable alternative in thermal insulation and construction fields.
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers","authors":"M. E. Ergun, E. Ozen, N. Yildirim, Berk Dalkilic, Ergun Baysal","doi":"10.1177/02624893231193501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231193501","url":null,"abstract":"The study developed and designed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) foams using advanced freeze-drying technology, which exhibited good heat-insulating ability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. Different combinations of bleach kraft pulp, water-soluble chitosan, and zinc borate were used to reinforce the foams. The foams exhibited desirable compression and flexural properties, with compression strength and compression modulus ranging from 0.01 MPa to 0.08 MPa and 0.05 MPa to 0.29 MPa, respectively, while flexural strength and flexural modulus ranged from 0.12 MPa to 5.37 MPa and 9.86 MPa to 260,85 MPa, respectively. The use of zinc borate as a reinforcement resulted in improved thermal properties and reduced mass loss at 600°C by 20.69%. Thermal conductivity tests indicated that the foams had low thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.037 W/mK to 0.074 W/mK. The foams with zinc borate (60 g/L) and high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (70 g/L) reinforcement exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.72%. Overall, the results suggest that the PVAc foams could serve as a promising sustainable alternative in thermal insulation and construction fields.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47727941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02624893231193499
M. H. Dzulkifli, R. A. Majid, M. Yahya
This paper presents the experimental works on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam reinforced with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT). Filler loading was varied between 1 and 10 wt %., and the obtained foam was characterized for its combustibility, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical response. Exfoliated clay microstructure was exhibited at lower Na-MMT loadings. Addition of nanoclay into the PU foam failed to impart any discernable improvement with regards to its flammability, believed due to stronger influence of low-functionality palm oil polyol used. Apparent improvement in thermal stability was observed at low clay amounts. Foam with finer cell size was obtained in the presence of Na-MMT, however only until a certain loading limit. Compressive strength generally increases with increasing clay content, but after 3 wt % the property deteriorated. Peculiarly, compressive strength rose again at 5 wt % and 6 wt % – postulated due to additional load-bearing effect of ‘integral skin’ – before plummeting back again beyond this value.
{"title":"Influence of sodium-montmorillonite nanoclay on flammability, thermal stability, morphology, and mechanical properties of rigid water-blown palm oil-based polyurethane foam","authors":"M. H. Dzulkifli, R. A. Majid, M. Yahya","doi":"10.1177/02624893231193499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231193499","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the experimental works on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam reinforced with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT). Filler loading was varied between 1 and 10 wt %., and the obtained foam was characterized for its combustibility, morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical response. Exfoliated clay microstructure was exhibited at lower Na-MMT loadings. Addition of nanoclay into the PU foam failed to impart any discernable improvement with regards to its flammability, believed due to stronger influence of low-functionality palm oil polyol used. Apparent improvement in thermal stability was observed at low clay amounts. Foam with finer cell size was obtained in the presence of Na-MMT, however only until a certain loading limit. Compressive strength generally increases with increasing clay content, but after 3 wt % the property deteriorated. Peculiarly, compressive strength rose again at 5 wt % and 6 wt % – postulated due to additional load-bearing effect of ‘integral skin’ – before plummeting back again beyond this value.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"42 1","pages":"140 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46901886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02624893231191258
Masoumeh Hosseinpour, H. R. Ashjari, M. S. Seyed dorraji, M. Rastgouy-Houjaghan, Sheida Faraji
In this research, a new method to increase the mechanical properties of the low-density polyurethane foams (PUFS) has been described. Chloroprene rubber (CR) is used as reinforcing the mechanical properties of the foam. Polyurethane foam (PUF) containing CR (PUF/CR) and pure PUF were characterized by mechanical testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of mechanical properties show the tensile strength of PUFS containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% CR are 38.2, 42, 56.4, 61.48, 77.3 and 77.18 kPa, respectively. Also the morphological studies show by increasing the amount of CR in the foam structure, the foam cells are smaller and more closed. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Enhanced effect of chloroprene on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams","authors":"Masoumeh Hosseinpour, H. R. Ashjari, M. S. Seyed dorraji, M. Rastgouy-Houjaghan, Sheida Faraji","doi":"10.1177/02624893231191258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231191258","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a new method to increase the mechanical properties of the low-density polyurethane foams (PUFS) has been described. Chloroprene rubber (CR) is used as reinforcing the mechanical properties of the foam. Polyurethane foam (PUF) containing CR (PUF/CR) and pure PUF were characterized by mechanical testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of mechanical properties show the tensile strength of PUFS containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% CR are 38.2, 42, 56.4, 61.48, 77.3 and 77.18 kPa, respectively. Also the morphological studies show by increasing the amount of CR in the foam structure, the foam cells are smaller and more closed. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"42 1","pages":"174 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02624893231191838
R. Vlasov, D. Ryabova, Sakina Zeynalova, Marcel Nazmutdinov, Sergey Ryabov
Using small amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with carboxyl groups, methyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine (from 0.005 to 0.1%), a series of rigid composite polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams was obtained. The influence of these additives on the morphology of the cellular structure of the synthesized foams, as well as the change in their physical-mechanical and thermophysical characteristics, was analyzed. The effect of additions of functionalized MWCNTs on the change in compressive strength, Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity index, and mass loss during combustion of the synthesized foams has been studied. Based on the results obtained, the introduction of small amounts (up to 0.05%) of functionalized nanotubes in the foam composition improves the characteristics described above. The greatest effect was achieved using 0.05% carboxylated MWCNTs functionalized with triethanolamine.
{"title":"Effect of small amount of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the properties of rigid polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam composites","authors":"R. Vlasov, D. Ryabova, Sakina Zeynalova, Marcel Nazmutdinov, Sergey Ryabov","doi":"10.1177/02624893231191838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02624893231191838","url":null,"abstract":"Using small amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with carboxyl groups, methyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine (from 0.005 to 0.1%), a series of rigid composite polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams was obtained. The influence of these additives on the morphology of the cellular structure of the synthesized foams, as well as the change in their physical-mechanical and thermophysical characteristics, was analyzed. The effect of additions of functionalized MWCNTs on the change in compressive strength, Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity index, and mass loss during combustion of the synthesized foams has been studied. Based on the results obtained, the introduction of small amounts (up to 0.05%) of functionalized nanotubes in the foam composition improves the characteristics described above. The greatest effect was achieved using 0.05% carboxylated MWCNTs functionalized with triethanolamine.","PeriodicalId":9816,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Polymers","volume":"42 1","pages":"123 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45879381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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