Sara Protić, Milica Crnoglavac Popović, Nevena Kaličanin, Olivera Prodanović, Milan Senćanski, Jelena Milićević, Kristina Stevanović, Vladimir Perović, Slobodan Paessler, Radivoje Prodanović, Sanja Glišić
The emergence of drug-resistant viruses and novel strains necessitates the rapid development of novel antiviral therapies. This need was particularly demanding during the COVID-19 pandemic. While de novo drug development is a time-consuming process, repurposing existing approved medications offers a more expedient approach. In our prior in silico screening of the DrugBank database, fidaxomicin emerged as a potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor. This study extends those findings by investigating fidaxomicin's antiviral properties in vitro. Our results support further exploration of fidaxomicin as a therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2, given its promising in vitro antiviral activity and favorable safety profile.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 PL<sup>pro</sup> Inhibition: Evaluating in Silico Repurposed Fidaxomicin's Antiviral Activity Through In Vitro Assessment.","authors":"Sara Protić, Milica Crnoglavac Popović, Nevena Kaličanin, Olivera Prodanović, Milan Senćanski, Jelena Milićević, Kristina Stevanović, Vladimir Perović, Slobodan Paessler, Radivoje Prodanović, Sanja Glišić","doi":"10.1002/open.202400091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of drug-resistant viruses and novel strains necessitates the rapid development of novel antiviral therapies. This need was particularly demanding during the COVID-19 pandemic. While de novo drug development is a time-consuming process, repurposing existing approved medications offers a more expedient approach. In our prior in silico screening of the DrugBank database, fidaxomicin emerged as a potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor. This study extends those findings by investigating fidaxomicin's antiviral properties in vitro. Our results support further exploration of fidaxomicin as a therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2, given its promising in vitro antiviral activity and favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trong Tuan Nguyen, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang Nguyen, Manh Ha Nguyen, Hoang Thai
This article focuses on comparing the characteristics of cotton fabric dyed with Diospyros mollis extract (DME) solution and that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The parameters of the cotton fabric after dyeing with both types of dyes were assessed, including color strength (K/S), structural morphology, infrared spectrum, antibacterial properties, UV resistance, color fastness to washing, rubbing, light, moisture absorption, breathability, and wastewater indices. The obtained results show that the K/S value of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is slightly lower than that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye, 18.52 and 19.36, respectively. The cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the antibacterial effectiveness against these bacteria for cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is 99.99 %. The UV protection capability of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is superior to cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The BOD/COD ratio of wastewater from the dyeing process with DME is higher than that of the reactive dye, with values of 0.70 and 0.32, respectively. The findings of this study indicate the superior ability of using DME solution as compared to the reactive dye, which is promising as a natural dye for fabric in medical applications.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Characteristics and Antibacterial Capacity of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dye and Diospyros Mollis Extract.","authors":"Trong Tuan Nguyen, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang Nguyen, Manh Ha Nguyen, Hoang Thai","doi":"10.1002/open.202400130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on comparing the characteristics of cotton fabric dyed with Diospyros mollis extract (DME) solution and that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The parameters of the cotton fabric after dyeing with both types of dyes were assessed, including color strength (K/S), structural morphology, infrared spectrum, antibacterial properties, UV resistance, color fastness to washing, rubbing, light, moisture absorption, breathability, and wastewater indices. The obtained results show that the K/S value of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is slightly lower than that of cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye, 18.52 and 19.36, respectively. The cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the antibacterial effectiveness against these bacteria for cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is 99.99 %. The UV protection capability of cotton fabric dyed with DME solution is superior to cotton fabric dyed with the reactive dye. The BOD/COD ratio of wastewater from the dyeing process with DME is higher than that of the reactive dye, with values of 0.70 and 0.32, respectively. The findings of this study indicate the superior ability of using DME solution as compared to the reactive dye, which is promising as a natural dye for fabric in medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negar Naghavi, Maisam Jalaly, Samira Mohammadi, S Morteza Mousavi-Khoshdel
This study presents the synthesis of TiO2-graphene nanocomposites with varying mass ratios of graphene (2.5, 5, 10, 20 wt. %) using a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal approach. By integrating TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene, a nanomaterial characterized by a two-dimensional structure, unique electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, the resulting hybrid material shows promise for application in supercapacitors. The nanocomposite specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, supercapacitive properties were investigated using a three-electrode setup by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. Notably, the TiO2-20 wt. % rGO nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 624 F/g at 2 A/g, showcasing superior electrochemical performance. This specimen indicated a high rate capability and cyclic stability (93 % retention after 2000 cycles). Its remarkable energy density and power density of this sample designate it as a strong contender for practical supercapacitor applications.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Influence of Graphene Content on Achieving a High-Performance TiO<sub>2</sub>-Graphene Nanocomposite Supercapacitor.","authors":"Negar Naghavi, Maisam Jalaly, Samira Mohammadi, S Morteza Mousavi-Khoshdel","doi":"10.1002/open.202400128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub>-graphene nanocomposites with varying mass ratios of graphene (2.5, 5, 10, 20 wt. %) using a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal approach. By integrating TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with graphene, a nanomaterial characterized by a two-dimensional structure, unique electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, the resulting hybrid material shows promise for application in supercapacitors. The nanocomposite specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, supercapacitive properties were investigated using a three-electrode setup by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. Notably, the TiO<sub>2</sub>-20 wt. % rGO nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 624 F/g at 2 A/g, showcasing superior electrochemical performance. This specimen indicated a high rate capability and cyclic stability (93 % retention after 2000 cycles). Its remarkable energy density and power density of this sample designate it as a strong contender for practical supercapacitor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriano Pierini, Vanessa Piacentini, Juan Luis Gómez-Urbano, Andrea Balducci, Sergio Brutti, Enrico Bodo
In this work we have derived the parameters of an AMOEBA-like polarizable forcefield for electrolytes based on tetramethoxy and tetraethoxy-glyoxal acetals, and propylene carbonate. The resulting forcefield has been validated using both ab-initio data and the experimental properties of the fluids. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the structural features and the solvation properties of both the neat liquids and of the corresponding 1 M LiTFSI electrolytes at the molecular level. We present a detailed analysis of the Li ion solvation shells, of their structure and highlight the different behavior of the solvents in terms of their molecular structure and coordinating features.
在这项工作中,我们推导出了基于四甲氧基和四乙氧基乙醛缩醛以及碳酸丙烯酯的电解质的类似 AMOEBA 的可极化力场参数。所产生的力场已通过模拟数据和流体的实验特性进行了验证。通过分子动力学模拟,我们在分子水平上研究了纯液体和相应的 1 M LiTFSI 电解质的结构特征和溶解特性。我们对锂离子溶壳及其结构进行了详细分析,并强调了溶剂在分子结构和配位特征方面的不同行为。
{"title":"A Polarizable Forcefields for Glyoxal Acetals as Electrolyte Components for Lithium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Adriano Pierini, Vanessa Piacentini, Juan Luis Gómez-Urbano, Andrea Balducci, Sergio Brutti, Enrico Bodo","doi":"10.1002/open.202400134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work we have derived the parameters of an AMOEBA-like polarizable forcefield for electrolytes based on tetramethoxy and tetraethoxy-glyoxal acetals, and propylene carbonate. The resulting forcefield has been validated using both ab-initio data and the experimental properties of the fluids. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the structural features and the solvation properties of both the neat liquids and of the corresponding 1 M LiTFSI electrolytes at the molecular level. We present a detailed analysis of the Li ion solvation shells, of their structure and highlight the different behavior of the solvents in terms of their molecular structure and coordinating features.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Del Vecchio, Elisabetta Rosadoni, Lorenzo Ballerini, Angela Cuzzola, Filippo Lipparini, Paolo Ronchi, Sara Guariento, Matteo Biagetti, Marco Lessi, Fabio Bellina
A selective direct arylation of the different Csp2-H bonds of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole with (hetero) aryl halides can be achieved simply by switching from a palladium catalyst system to the use of stoichiometric amounts of copper. The observed selectivity, also rationalized by DFT calculations, can be explained by a change in the mechanistic pathways between electrophilic palladation and base-promoted C-H metalation.
{"title":"Transition Metal-Driven Selectivity in Direct C-H Arylation of Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazole.","authors":"Antonio Del Vecchio, Elisabetta Rosadoni, Lorenzo Ballerini, Angela Cuzzola, Filippo Lipparini, Paolo Ronchi, Sara Guariento, Matteo Biagetti, Marco Lessi, Fabio Bellina","doi":"10.1002/open.202400180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A selective direct arylation of the different Csp2-H bonds of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole with (hetero) aryl halides can be achieved simply by switching from a palladium catalyst system to the use of stoichiometric amounts of copper. The observed selectivity, also rationalized by DFT calculations, can be explained by a change in the mechanistic pathways between electrophilic palladation and base-promoted C-H metalation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hameed Ur Rahman, Ezzat Khan, Mian Muhammad, Maaz Khan, Mashooq Ahmad Bhat, Gul Shahzada Khan, Nisar Ali
In this study five different complexes of Cu(II) were synthesized for the purpose of environmentally notorious mercury sensing and preliminary biological screening. Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, and abbreviated as H2DPA), 3-phenyl pyrazole (3-ppz), 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4-ipz), 4-nitropyrazole (4-npz), 4-bromopyrazole (4-bpz), and 4-chloropyrazole (4-cpz) were chosen as potential ligands. The synthesized complexes labelled as 1-5, namely [Cu(DPA)(3-ppz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-ipz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-npz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-bpz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-cpz)], were proposed based on spectroscopic data (FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy). These complexes feature C=O functionalities that are not involved in coordination and may be used for further applications. The isolated complexes were utilized for detecting Hg(II) ions in water samples. Various concentrations of Hg(II) ions were prepared for detection purposes, and changes in absorption concerning complexes 1-5 were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit efficient sensing abilities towards Hg(II) ions. The antibacterial activities of complexes 1-5 were assessed against S. typhi and E. coli. The complexes 1 and 3 displayed good antibacterial activities against S. typhi (13.67, and 13.56 mm, respectively) while complexes 1, 2 and 4 were found to be efficient against E. coli (11.6, 12.66, 11.31 mm, respectively). The absorption maxima of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) at 517 nm, considerably shifted upon addition of complexes 1-5. The results reveal that the complexes possess potential free radical scavenging abilities.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Screening and Hg(II) Sensing, Activities of Cu(II)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate Complexes.","authors":"Hameed Ur Rahman, Ezzat Khan, Mian Muhammad, Maaz Khan, Mashooq Ahmad Bhat, Gul Shahzada Khan, Nisar Ali","doi":"10.1002/open.202400089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study five different complexes of Cu(II) were synthesized for the purpose of environmentally notorious mercury sensing and preliminary biological screening. Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, and abbreviated as H<sub>2</sub>DPA), 3-phenyl pyrazole (3-ppz), 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4-ipz), 4-nitropyrazole (4-npz), 4-bromopyrazole (4-bpz), and 4-chloropyrazole (4-cpz) were chosen as potential ligands. The synthesized complexes labelled as 1-5, namely [Cu(DPA)(3-ppz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-ipz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-npz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-bpz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-cpz)], were proposed based on spectroscopic data (FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy). These complexes feature C=O functionalities that are not involved in coordination and may be used for further applications. The isolated complexes were utilized for detecting Hg(II) ions in water samples. Various concentrations of Hg(II) ions were prepared for detection purposes, and changes in absorption concerning complexes 1-5 were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit efficient sensing abilities towards Hg(II) ions. The antibacterial activities of complexes 1-5 were assessed against S. typhi and E. coli. The complexes 1 and 3 displayed good antibacterial activities against S. typhi (13.67, and 13.56 mm, respectively) while complexes 1, 2 and 4 were found to be efficient against E. coli (11.6, 12.66, 11.31 mm, respectively). The absorption maxima of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) at 517 nm, considerably shifted upon addition of complexes 1-5. The results reveal that the complexes possess potential free radical scavenging abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Juarez, Elena R Alonso, Raúl Aguado, Iker León
According to old theories of sweetness, the perception of sweet substances is closely linked to the arrangement of atoms within them. To assess the validity of these theories, we conducted an analysis of the structure of the artificial sweetener dulcin for the first time, utilizing microwave spectroscopy and a laser ablation source. These techniques have enabled the identification of two conformers, which are stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amino group and the phenyl ring. The observed conformations were examined in light of the Shallenberger-Acree-Kier molecular theory of sweet taste, and they align with the hypothesized criteria. Furthermore, the study illustrates how conformational relaxation can alter the equilibrium conformational distribution, resulting in the absence of certain conformers in the conformational landscape.
{"title":"Rotational Spectroscopy as a Tool to Characterize Sweet Taste: The Study of Dulcin.","authors":"Gabriela Juarez, Elena R Alonso, Raúl Aguado, Iker León","doi":"10.1002/open.202400159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to old theories of sweetness, the perception of sweet substances is closely linked to the arrangement of atoms within them. To assess the validity of these theories, we conducted an analysis of the structure of the artificial sweetener dulcin for the first time, utilizing microwave spectroscopy and a laser ablation source. These techniques have enabled the identification of two conformers, which are stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amino group and the phenyl ring. The observed conformations were examined in light of the Shallenberger-Acree-Kier molecular theory of sweet taste, and they align with the hypothesized criteria. Furthermore, the study illustrates how conformational relaxation can alter the equilibrium conformational distribution, resulting in the absence of certain conformers in the conformational landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report on the synthesis of two new threaded BODIPYs 5 and 6 in good yields using boron as a gathering atom and a macrocycle with a 2,2'-biphenol unit. In addition to usual techniques, they were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Their electrochemical and optical properties were investigated. In particular, both compounds are highly emissive with photoluminescence quantum yields of 54 and 81 % respectively. In addition, they both show a high photostability.
{"title":"Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Threaded BODIPYs.","authors":"Matthieu Hicguet, Olivier Mongin, Yann R Leroux, Thierry Roisnel, Fabienne Berrée, Yann Trolez","doi":"10.1002/open.202400196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report on the synthesis of two new threaded BODIPYs 5 and 6 in good yields using boron as a gathering atom and a macrocycle with a 2,2'-biphenol unit. In addition to usual techniques, they were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Their electrochemical and optical properties were investigated. In particular, both compounds are highly emissive with photoluminescence quantum yields of 54 and 81 % respectively. In addition, they both show a high photostability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lineo F Mxakaza, Victor Mashindi, Cebisa E Linganiso, Nosipho Moloto, Zikhona N Tetana
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes using transition metal dichalcogenides is a research area that is not tapped into. Alkaline HER ( ) is harder to achieve relative to acidic HER ( ), this is attributed to the additional water dissociation step that occurs in basic HER to generate H+ ions. In fact, for most catalysts, their HER activity decreases tremendously when the electrolyte is changed from acidic to basic conditions. Platinum dichalcogenides, PtX2 (X=S, Se, Te), are an interesting member of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as these show an immense hybridization of the Pt d orbitals and chalcogen p orbitals because of closely correlated orbital energies. The trend in electronic properties of these materials changes drastically as the chalcogen is changed, with PtS2 reported to exhibit semi-conductor properties, PtSe2 is semi-metallic or semi-conductive, depending on the number of layers, while PtTe2 is metallic. The effect of varying the chalcogen atom on the HER activity of Pt dichalcogenides will be studied. Pt dichalcogenides have previously been prepared by direct high-temperature chalcogen deposition of Pt substrate and evaluated as electrocatalysts for HER in H2SO4. The previously employed synthesis procedures for PtX2 limit these compounds' mass production and post-synthesis treatment. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time the preparation of PtSe2 and PtTe2 by colloidal synthesis. Colloidal synthesis offers the possibility of large-scale synthesis of materials and affords the employment of the colloids at various concentrations in ink formulation. The electrochemical HER results acquired in 1 M KOH indicate that PtTe2 has a superior HER catalytic activity to PtSe2. A potential of 108 mV for PtTe2 and 161 mV for PtSe2 is required to produce a current density of -10 mA cm-2 from these catalysts. PtTe2 has a low Tafel slope of 79 mVdec-1, indicating faster HER kinetics on PtTe2. Nonetheless, the stability of these catalysts in an alkaline medium needs to be improved to re
在碱性电解质中使用过渡金属二卤化物进行氢进化反应(HER)是一个尚未开发的研究领域。相对于酸性氢演化反应(H + + 2 e - → H 2 + O H - ${{2H}_{2}O+2{e }^{-}to {H}_{2}+{OH}^{-}{rm }}$),碱性氢演化反应(2 H 2 O + 2 e - → H 2 + O H - ${{2H}_{2}O+2{e }^{-}to {H}_{2}+{OH}^{-}{rm }}$)更难实现、这是因为在碱性 HER 中会发生额外的水解离步骤以生成 H+ 离子。事实上,对于大多数催化剂来说,当电解质从酸性条件转变为碱性条件时,它们的 HER 活性会大大降低。二掺铂化合物 PtX2(X=S、Se、Te)是过渡金属二掺铂化合物(TMDs)中一个有趣的成员,因为这些材料的轨道能量密切相关,铂的 d 轨道和掺铂化合物的 p 轨道发生了巨大的杂化。据报道,PtS2 具有半导电特性,PtSe2 具有半金属或半导电特性(取决于层数),而 PtTe2 则具有金属特性。我们将研究改变铬原子对二卤化铂的氢反应活性的影响。以前曾通过直接高温沉积铂基底制备过铂二碲化物,并将其作为 H2SO4 中的 HER 电催化剂进行了评估。之前采用的 PtX2 合成程序限制了这些化合物的大规模生产和合成后处理。在本研究中,我们首次展示了通过胶体合成制备 PtSe2 和 PtTe2 的方法。胶体合成法提供了大规模合成材料的可能性,并能在油墨配方中使用不同浓度的胶体。在 1 M KOH 中获得的电化学 HER 结果表明,PtTe2 的 HER 催化活性优于 PtSe2。要使这些催化剂产生 -10 mA cm-2 的电流密度,PtTe2 和 PtSe2 分别需要 108 mV 和 161 mV 的电位。PtTe2 的塔菲尔斜率较低,为 79 mVdec-1,这表明 PtTe2 的 HER 动力学更快。尽管如此,这些催化剂在碱性介质中的稳定性仍有待提高,以使其成为出色的 HER 电催化剂。
{"title":"Evaluating the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Colloidally Prepared PtSe<sub>2</sub> and PtTe<sub>2</sub> Catalysts in an Alkaline Medium.","authors":"Lineo F Mxakaza, Victor Mashindi, Cebisa E Linganiso, Nosipho Moloto, Zikhona N Tetana","doi":"10.1002/open.202400146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes using transition metal dichalcogenides is a research area that is not tapped into. Alkaline HER ( <math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mn>2</mn> <mi>H</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mi>O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup><mrow><mi>e</mi> <mspace></mspace></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msup> <mo>→</mo> <msub><mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mo>+</mo> <msup><mrow><mi>O</mi> <mi>H</mi></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msup> <mspace></mspace></mrow> <annotation>${{2H}_{2}O+2{e }^{-}to {H}_{2}+{OH}^{-}{rm }}$</annotation> </semantics> </math> ) is harder to achieve relative to acidic HER ( <math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow> <mo>+</mo></msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup><mrow><mi>e</mi> <mspace></mspace></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msup> <mo>→</mo> <mspace></mspace> <msub><mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> <annotation>${{H}^{+}+2{e }^{-}to {H}_{2}}$</annotation> </semantics> </math> ), this is attributed to the additional water dissociation step that occurs in basic HER to generate H<sup>+</sup> ions. In fact, for most catalysts, their HER activity decreases tremendously when the electrolyte is changed from acidic to basic conditions. Platinum dichalcogenides, PtX<sub>2</sub> (X=S, Se, Te), are an interesting member of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as these show an immense hybridization of the Pt d orbitals and chalcogen p orbitals because of closely correlated orbital energies. The trend in electronic properties of these materials changes drastically as the chalcogen is changed, with PtS<sub>2</sub> reported to exhibit semi-conductor properties, PtSe<sub>2</sub> is semi-metallic or semi-conductive, depending on the number of layers, while PtTe<sub>2</sub> is metallic. The effect of varying the chalcogen atom on the HER activity of Pt dichalcogenides will be studied. Pt dichalcogenides have previously been prepared by direct high-temperature chalcogen deposition of Pt substrate and evaluated as electrocatalysts for HER in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The previously employed synthesis procedures for PtX<sub>2</sub> limit these compounds' mass production and post-synthesis treatment. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time the preparation of PtSe<sub>2</sub> and PtTe<sub>2</sub> by colloidal synthesis. Colloidal synthesis offers the possibility of large-scale synthesis of materials and affords the employment of the colloids at various concentrations in ink formulation. The electrochemical HER results acquired in 1 M KOH indicate that PtTe<sub>2</sub> has a superior HER catalytic activity to PtSe<sub>2</sub>. A potential of 108 mV for PtTe<sub>2</sub> and 161 mV for PtSe<sub>2</sub> is required to produce a current density of -10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> from these catalysts. PtTe<sub>2</sub> has a low Tafel slope of 79 mVdec<sup>-1</sup>, indicating faster HER kinetics on PtTe<sub>2</sub>. Nonetheless, the stability of these catalysts in an alkaline medium needs to be improved to re","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
{"title":"α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source.","authors":"Takashi Nishikata","doi":"10.1002/open.202400108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202400108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9831,"journal":{"name":"ChemistryOpen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}