Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.001
吴铨, 柳松杨
{"title":"Almost loss of consciousness: an ordeal to the performance of fighter aircraft pilot","authors":"吴铨, 柳松杨","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.005
Jian Pang, Jie Liu, Yong-sheng Guo, C. Deng, J-A Duan
Objective To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in pilots and to provide reference on prevention and cure of OSAHS in pilots. Methods Two hundred and thirty-six pilots were randomly picked and were asked to fill out a questionnaire about Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score. Their age, smoking and drinking habit were gathered. Their neck circumference, height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. The sleepiness of pilots were monitored by nocturnal oxygen saturation, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and other indicators. Results The 236 pilots were divided into three groups according to the ESS and sleep monitoring results: no snoring group (n=207), simple snoring group (n=26) and OASHS group (n=3). The prevalence of OSAHS was 1.27%. Age, smoking and drinking habits were significantly different among three groups (χ2=17.533, 9.870, 13.302, P<0.01). ESS, AHI, neck circumference and BMI were significantly different among three groups (F=14.231-92.801, P<0.01). Conclusions Pilots′ OSAHS are correlated to such factors as their age, smoking, drinking, neck circumference and BMI. The prevalence of OSAHS is lower in pilots than that in common people. Since OSAHS can cause metabolic disorder, cognitive decline and other clinical manifestations, it may become a potential risk to flight operation, and thus attention should be paid on detection and treatment of OSAHS in pilots. Key words: Sleep apnea syndromes; Prevalence; Cross-sectional studies; Pilots
{"title":"Epidemiological investigation of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in pilots","authors":"Jian Pang, Jie Liu, Yong-sheng Guo, C. Deng, J-A Duan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in pilots and to provide reference on prevention and cure of OSAHS in pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Two hundred and thirty-six pilots were randomly picked and were asked to fill out a questionnaire about Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score. Their age, smoking and drinking habit were gathered. Their neck circumference, height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. The sleepiness of pilots were monitored by nocturnal oxygen saturation, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and other indicators. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The 236 pilots were divided into three groups according to the ESS and sleep monitoring results: no snoring group (n=207), simple snoring group (n=26) and OASHS group (n=3). The prevalence of OSAHS was 1.27%. Age, smoking and drinking habits were significantly different among three groups (χ2=17.533, 9.870, 13.302, P<0.01). ESS, AHI, neck circumference and BMI were significantly different among three groups (F=14.231-92.801, P<0.01). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Pilots′ OSAHS are correlated to such factors as their age, smoking, drinking, neck circumference and BMI. The prevalence of OSAHS is lower in pilots than that in common people. Since OSAHS can cause metabolic disorder, cognitive decline and other clinical manifestations, it may become a potential risk to flight operation, and thus attention should be paid on detection and treatment of OSAHS in pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Sleep apnea syndromes; Prevalence; Cross-sectional studies; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85603849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.005
Xiaoguang Lang
Objective To provide reference for the diagnosis, treatment and medical assessment of psychotic disorders in aircrews by summarizing the clinical data of psychotic disorders in aircrews. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 126 cases of the aircrews with psychotic disorders and relevant literature review were done. The disorders were classified by the third edition Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders. The medical identification was made in accordance with the Physical Examination Standards of Air Force Flight Personnel (1996), and referred to the relevant standards of the United States. Results In 126 aircrew cases with psychotic disorders, there were 63 cases with hysteria, stress-related disorders, and neurosis. There were 54 cases with mood disorders. There were 9 cases with the insomnia due to physiological disorders related psychological factors. The conclusion of medical assessment: 18 cases were qualified, 29 cases were temporary grounding, and 79 cases were disqualified. Conclusions There are many kinds of psychotic disorders in aircrews. Diagnosis and treatment have certain particularities. The medical identification should be in accordance with the physical examination standard of Air Force flight personnel and take the waiver standards of foreign flight personnel identification as reference. Moreover, the type of aircraft, post of flight, flight experience and personal intention, as well as the needs of army are suggested to be the concerns in medical identification. Key words: Mental disorders; Eligibility determination; Retrospective studies; Aircrews
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders in aircrews and aeromedical assessment","authors":"Xiaoguang Lang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To provide reference for the diagnosis, treatment and medical assessment of psychotic disorders in aircrews by summarizing the clinical data of psychotic disorders in aircrews. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 126 cases of the aircrews with psychotic disorders and relevant literature review were done. The disorders were classified by the third edition Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders. The medical identification was made in accordance with the Physical Examination Standards of Air Force Flight Personnel (1996), and referred to the relevant standards of the United States. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In 126 aircrew cases with psychotic disorders, there were 63 cases with hysteria, stress-related disorders, and neurosis. There were 54 cases with mood disorders. There were 9 cases with the insomnia due to physiological disorders related psychological factors. The conclusion of medical assessment: 18 cases were qualified, 29 cases were temporary grounding, and 79 cases were disqualified. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000There are many kinds of psychotic disorders in aircrews. Diagnosis and treatment have certain particularities. The medical identification should be in accordance with the physical examination standard of Air Force flight personnel and take the waiver standards of foreign flight personnel identification as reference. Moreover, the type of aircraft, post of flight, flight experience and personal intention, as well as the needs of army are suggested to be the concerns in medical identification. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Mental disorders; Eligibility determination; Retrospective studies; Aircrews","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84215762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.021
H. Zhan, Hua Ge, Fu Weiwei
Objective To review the research advances related to the application of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in the fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in the evaluation of the medical protection measures. Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Thirty-eight published references were cited. Literature synthesis The research advances related to the application of PVT in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in evaluation of the medical protection measures were reviewed. PVT is a commonly used method to evaluate the alertness. It can detect the sustained attention and reaction time of subjects to visual stimuli. On the basis of the classical detection method, PVT had done a portable intelligent modification and the personal test time was significantly reduced to improve the detection efficiency. Many investigations had demonstrated that PVT was used in the detection of central fatigue induced by sleep deprivation, hard mental work and environmental heat stress and other experimental conditions. In simulated and practical aerospace operations, PVT was also a useful method to evaluate the central fatigue of aircrew and astronauts. In addition, PVT can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the following medical protection measures against aerospace and related operational fatigue, such as reasonable arrangement of work and rest, white light irradiation, transcranial direct current stimulation, rational use of hypnotics and wake-promoting agents and so on. Conclusions Because of the advantages of easy operation and reliable results, PVT have been widely used in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations as well as the evaluation of the medical protection measures. In practice, its evaluation efficiency would be further improved if it combined with other method. Key words: Fatigue; Sleep; Cognition; Health services; Literature review; Psychomotor vigilance test
{"title":"Application of psychomotor vigilance task in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in evaluation of the medical protection measures","authors":"H. Zhan, Hua Ge, Fu Weiwei","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To review the research advances related to the application of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in the fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in the evaluation of the medical protection measures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature resource and selection \u0000Relevant articles published in China and abroad. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature quotation \u0000Thirty-eight published references were cited. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature synthesis \u0000The research advances related to the application of PVT in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in evaluation of the medical protection measures were reviewed. PVT is a commonly used method to evaluate the alertness. It can detect the sustained attention and reaction time of subjects to visual stimuli. On the basis of the classical detection method, PVT had done a portable intelligent modification and the personal test time was significantly reduced to improve the detection efficiency. Many investigations had demonstrated that PVT was used in the detection of central fatigue induced by sleep deprivation, hard mental work and environmental heat stress and other experimental conditions. In simulated and practical aerospace operations, PVT was also a useful method to evaluate the central fatigue of aircrew and astronauts. In addition, PVT can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the following medical protection measures against aerospace and related operational fatigue, such as reasonable arrangement of work and rest, white light irradiation, transcranial direct current stimulation, rational use of hypnotics and wake-promoting agents and so on. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Because of the advantages of easy operation and reliable results, PVT have been widely used in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations as well as the evaluation of the medical protection measures. In practice, its evaluation efficiency would be further improved if it combined with other method. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Fatigue; Sleep; Cognition; Health services; Literature review; Psychomotor vigilance test","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88957231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.020
Fang Fu, Wen Shang, Zhen Zhang
{"title":"A case of pilot with normal tension glaucoma","authors":"Fang Fu, Wen Shang, Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89566869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To investigate the sensitivity of common carotid arteries of the rats to ceramide (Cer) regulation after simulated weightlessness. Methods Fourty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats that matched for weight were randomly assigned to suspended group (n=24) and control group (n=24). Tail suspension of rats was carried out for 4 wk to simulate the effect of weightlessness. Isometric force recording system was used to detect the vasoconstriction and vasodilation response of common carotid arteries ring. Dihydroethidium fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the level of superoxide anion (O2-· ) in arteries. Results Vasoconstriction response and vasodilation response showed insignificant difference between suspended group and control group. Incubation with C6-ceramide (C6-Cer) or Cer antibody (anti-Cer) did not change the vasoconstriction response and O2-· level of CA in control group but increased Cer level, vasoconstriction response to KCl and O2-· level of common carotid arteries in control group, and did not change the vasodilation response of common carotid arteries both in control and suspended group. In suspended group, C6-Cer incubation increased vasoconstriction response of common carotid arteries both to potassium chloride and phenylephrine, as well as the O2-· level (t=6.077-12.630, P<0.05) but less to acetylcholine and nitroprusside sodium. The anti-Cer incubation decreased response vasoconstriction of common carotid arteries in suspended both to potassium chloride and phenylephrine, as well as the O2-·level (t=11.582-32.130, P<0.05) but the vasodilation response. The incubation of superoxide dismutase or hydrogen peroxide depressed the changes of vasoconstriction response caused by C6-Cer or anti-Cer. Conclusions Cer regulation increases the sensitivity of common carotid arterial constriction in the simulated weightless rats and the mechanism is concerned with reactive oxygen level. Key words: Weightlessness simulation; Carotid artery, common; Phospholipases; Ceramide; Oxidative stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
{"title":"Ceramide regulation on sensitivity of common carotid arteries of the simulated weightless rats","authors":"Yaoping Cheng, Yuting Su, Xingxing Meng, Hai-Jun Zhang, Xiao-ping Xie, Yao-ming Chang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the sensitivity of common carotid arteries of the rats to ceramide (Cer) regulation after simulated weightlessness. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Fourty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats that matched for weight were randomly assigned to suspended group (n=24) and control group (n=24). Tail suspension of rats was carried out for 4 wk to simulate the effect of weightlessness. Isometric force recording system was used to detect the vasoconstriction and vasodilation response of common carotid arteries ring. Dihydroethidium fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the level of superoxide anion (O2-· ) in arteries. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Vasoconstriction response and vasodilation response showed insignificant difference between suspended group and control group. Incubation with C6-ceramide (C6-Cer) or Cer antibody (anti-Cer) did not change the vasoconstriction response and O2-· level of CA in control group but increased Cer level, vasoconstriction response to KCl and O2-· level of common carotid arteries in control group, and did not change the vasodilation response of common carotid arteries both in control and suspended group. In suspended group, C6-Cer incubation increased vasoconstriction response of common carotid arteries both to potassium chloride and phenylephrine, as well as the O2-· level (t=6.077-12.630, P<0.05) but less to acetylcholine and nitroprusside sodium. The anti-Cer incubation decreased response vasoconstriction of common carotid arteries in suspended both to potassium chloride and phenylephrine, as well as the O2-·level (t=11.582-32.130, P<0.05) but the vasodilation response. The incubation of superoxide dismutase or hydrogen peroxide depressed the changes of vasoconstriction response caused by C6-Cer or anti-Cer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Cer regulation increases the sensitivity of common carotid arterial constriction in the simulated weightless rats and the mechanism is concerned with reactive oxygen level. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Weightlessness simulation; Carotid artery, common; Phospholipases; Ceramide; Oxidative stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84855712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.004
Xian-rong Xu, Binru Wang, Zhanguo Jin
Objective To compare the ear baric function of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots and to investigate the aeromedical support on helicopter pilots' ear baric function. Methods One hundred and thirty helicopter pilots and 90 fighter pilots were inquired about their health history and examined by electric otoscopy (EOS), pure tone audiometry (PTA), acoustic immitance measurement (AIM), rhinoscopy (RS) and nasal endoscopy (NES). Those who were without contraindication to hypobaric chamber test (HCT) were subjected to HCT as follows: ①both helicopter and fighter pilots were asked to sit in the chamber and climbed up to 4000 m with the velocity of 15-20 m/s, remained for 5 min and then declined to ground level with the velocity of 5 m/s; ②fighter pilots were climbed to 4 000 m with the velocity of 20-30 m/s, stayed for 5 min and declined to the ground level with the velocity of 20-25 m/s. After HCT, they were re-examined by EOS, PTA and AIM. The incidence of ear baric dysfunction (EBDF) was compared between helicopter and fighter pilots. Results ①One helicopter pilot did not undergo HCT due to cold-induced grade II eardrum congestion diagnosed by EOS, mild conductive hearing loss by PTA and C-shaped curve by AIM. ②The incidence of EBDF was 6.20% in helicopter pilots when they were declining with slow rate (5 m/s), significantly higher than that in fighter pilots (0.00%) (χ2=4.16, P 0.05). Conclusions It should take different climbing and descending rates in the HCT ear baric function evaluation or aeromedical training for different aircraft pilots. Key words: Ear, middle; Barotrauma; Hypobaric chamber; Pilots
{"title":"Comparative analysis on data of ear baric function by hypobaric chamber test between helicopter and fighter pilots","authors":"Xian-rong Xu, Binru Wang, Zhanguo Jin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To compare the ear baric function of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots and to investigate the aeromedical support on helicopter pilots' ear baric function. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000One hundred and thirty helicopter pilots and 90 fighter pilots were inquired about their health history and examined by electric otoscopy (EOS), pure tone audiometry (PTA), acoustic immitance measurement (AIM), rhinoscopy (RS) and nasal endoscopy (NES). Those who were without contraindication to hypobaric chamber test (HCT) were subjected to HCT as follows: ①both helicopter and fighter pilots were asked to sit in the chamber and climbed up to 4000 m with the velocity of 15-20 m/s, remained for 5 min and then declined to ground level with the velocity of 5 m/s; ②fighter pilots were climbed to 4 000 m with the velocity of 20-30 m/s, stayed for 5 min and declined to the ground level with the velocity of 20-25 m/s. After HCT, they were re-examined by EOS, PTA and AIM. The incidence of ear baric dysfunction (EBDF) was compared between helicopter and fighter pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000①One helicopter pilot did not undergo HCT due to cold-induced grade II eardrum congestion diagnosed by EOS, mild conductive hearing loss by PTA and C-shaped curve by AIM. ②The incidence of EBDF was 6.20% in helicopter pilots when they were declining with slow rate (5 m/s), significantly higher than that in fighter pilots (0.00%) (χ2=4.16, P 0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000It should take different climbing and descending rates in the HCT ear baric function evaluation or aeromedical training for different aircraft pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Ear, middle; Barotrauma; Hypobaric chamber; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73291120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.002
Dan Zhang, Ningling Zhang, Jun-qing Dong, Wenyun Fan, Yingyue Zeng
Objective To analyze pulmonary functions in military pilots and provide reference for the corresponding aeromedical care. Methods One hundred and ninety pilots who took annual physical examination were grouped by flight time, type of aircraft, smoking index and body mass index. Their pulmonary functions, including index of lung volume, pulmonary ventilation function and small airway function, were analyzed. The pulmonary function results were expressed by the percentages of the actual to the predictable value. Results There were 70 cases (36.84%) showed pulmonary function abnormalities in 190 pilots, in which 4 cases decreased in forced vital capacity (FVC), 62 cases declined in forced expiratory volume in 1 s vs. forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), 1 case declined both in FVC and FEV1/FVC, 31 cases declined in small airway function. Minute ventilation (MV), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and forced expired flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25) in pilots who had flown for ≥1 200 h were significantly lower than those who had flown for <1 200 h (P<0.05). Fighter pilots' vital capacity (VC) and FVC were higher than the helicopter pilots' (P<0.05), but FEV1/FVC was less than helicopter pilots' (P<0.05). The smoking index and body mass index had certain effects on pilots' pulmonary functions (P<0.05). Conclusions The pulmonary functions of the military pilots with longer flight time, higher smoking and body mass indices have shown certain degradation. The regular pulmonary function examination is suggested for the aeromedical care to such pilot group. Also the supervision of all military pilots' pulmonary functions should be strengthened. Key words: Physical examination; Pulmonary function; Pilots
{"title":"Analysis of pulmonary functions in military pilots","authors":"Dan Zhang, Ningling Zhang, Jun-qing Dong, Wenyun Fan, Yingyue Zeng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze pulmonary functions in military pilots and provide reference for the corresponding aeromedical care. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000One hundred and ninety pilots who took annual physical examination were grouped by flight time, type of aircraft, smoking index and body mass index. Their pulmonary functions, including index of lung volume, pulmonary ventilation function and small airway function, were analyzed. The pulmonary function results were expressed by the percentages of the actual to the predictable value. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000There were 70 cases (36.84%) showed pulmonary function abnormalities in 190 pilots, in which 4 cases decreased in forced vital capacity (FVC), 62 cases declined in forced expiratory volume in 1 s vs. forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), 1 case declined both in FVC and FEV1/FVC, 31 cases declined in small airway function. Minute ventilation (MV), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and forced expired flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25) in pilots who had flown for ≥1 200 h were significantly lower than those who had flown for <1 200 h (P<0.05). Fighter pilots' vital capacity (VC) and FVC were higher than the helicopter pilots' (P<0.05), but FEV1/FVC was less than helicopter pilots' (P<0.05). The smoking index and body mass index had certain effects on pilots' pulmonary functions (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The pulmonary functions of the military pilots with longer flight time, higher smoking and body mass indices have shown certain degradation. The regular pulmonary function examination is suggested for the aeromedical care to such pilot group. Also the supervision of all military pilots' pulmonary functions should be strengthened. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Physical examination; Pulmonary function; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79589868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.006
Wei-ming Liu, Xiumin Jia
{"title":"Two cases of intermittence preexcitation syndrome in the reselection of flying candidates","authors":"Wei-ming Liu, Xiumin Jia","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75230697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.011
Hui-Ting Lei
Objective To investigate the clinical features and aeromedical assessment of the flying personnel with tuberculous meningitis. Methods Clinical data of three cases of tuberculous meningitis diagnosed by the Center of Clinical Aviation Medicine of Air Force General Hospital from June 1996 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and the literatures were reviewed to summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and aeromedical assessment. Results Case 1, which was with atypical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid was misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis while the tuberculosis smear was positive in cerebrospinal fluid. He took anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin) for 2 years and was qualified after drug withdrawal for 1 year and a half, but he relapsed 3 years later. He was qualified after following 2-year treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, protionamide, levofloxacin). Case 2 was with typical symptoms, tuberculosis smear-positive and lumbar tuberculosis and was treating with anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin) and steroid early. He was temporarily unqualified during the treatment. Case 3 was with atypical symptoms, high cerebrospinal fluid pressure and tuberculosis smear-negative and was treated by anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol). He was qualified finally as the symptoms got better after treatment. Conclusions Clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of tuberculous meningitis are not typical. Aircrews have better physical fitness, so the onset of performance is more subtle. Careful observation and analysis of clinical manifestations are important for deciding diagnosis, as well as the early diagnosis and misdiagnosis avoidance. The aeromedical assessment should be decided according to comprehensive factors, such as the severity of disease, aircraft type, flight duty and flying mission. and flight experience. Key words: Tuberculosis, meningeal; Central nervous system disease; Infection; Diagnosis; Eligibility determination; Aircrews
{"title":"Three cases of flying personnel with tuberculous meningitis and literature review","authors":"Hui-Ting Lei","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2016.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the clinical features and aeromedical assessment of the flying personnel with tuberculous meningitis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Clinical data of three cases of tuberculous meningitis diagnosed by the Center of Clinical Aviation Medicine of Air Force General Hospital from June 1996 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and the literatures were reviewed to summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and aeromedical assessment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Case 1, which was with atypical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid was misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis while the tuberculosis smear was positive in cerebrospinal fluid. He took anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin) for 2 years and was qualified after drug withdrawal for 1 year and a half, but he relapsed 3 years later. He was qualified after following 2-year treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, protionamide, levofloxacin). Case 2 was with typical symptoms, tuberculosis smear-positive and lumbar tuberculosis and was treating with anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin) and steroid early. He was temporarily unqualified during the treatment. Case 3 was with atypical symptoms, high cerebrospinal fluid pressure and tuberculosis smear-negative and was treated by anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol). He was qualified finally as the symptoms got better after treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of tuberculous meningitis are not typical. Aircrews have better physical fitness, so the onset of performance is more subtle. Careful observation and analysis of clinical manifestations are important for deciding diagnosis, as well as the early diagnosis and misdiagnosis avoidance. The aeromedical assessment should be decided according to comprehensive factors, such as the severity of disease, aircraft type, flight duty and flying mission. and flight experience. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Tuberculosis, meningeal; Central nervous system disease; Infection; Diagnosis; Eligibility determination; Aircrews","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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