Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.013
Lili Zhang, Yuexin Ma, Jiahuan Guo, Xiaoli Zhang, Lüe Deng
{"title":"Brief introduction of anti-G physical conditioning program for pilots of U.S. Air Force","authors":"Lili Zhang, Yuexin Ma, Jiahuan Guo, Xiaoli Zhang, Lüe Deng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"56-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78250239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.010
Yanhong Liu, J. Gu
Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence of dry eye syndrome and risk factors in military pilots in order to provide references for improving aeromedical supports. Methods Cross-sectional study was applied on conducting questionnaire survey as consensus obtained from 846 military pilots. The suspected dry eye syndrome cases were diagnosed by the tests of slit lamp, break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) and tarsal glands function. The pilots were grouped by aircraft type (fighter, helicopter, transporter and bomber), by flying hours ( 2 000 h), by if the long-term usage of antibiotic eye drops and by if the play time of computer or smart phone ≥4 h/d. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was compared among groups. Results Eight hundred and forty-three valid questionnaires out of 846 were collected. The available ratio was 99.65%. The prevalence of the dry eye syndrome was 8.07%. The common self-repoiled symptoms were dryness (80.88%), foreign body sensation (41.18%), visual fatigue (36.76%), visual acuity fluctuation (22.06%) and red eyes (14.71%). The comparisons among different aircraft type groups showed no statistical significance(χ2=3.16, P>0.05). The comparisons among different flying hours groups were statistically significant (χ2=49.85, P 2 000 h flying hours group was much higher than that in other two flying hours groups. The pilots with antibiotic eye drops for long time had significantly higher prevalence than those without the long-term usage (χ2=20.68, P<0.01). The pilots using computer or smart phone longer than 4 h/d showed significantly higher prevalence (χ2=18.33, P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of dry eye syndrome in military pilots increases with flying hours. Eye dryness is the main symptom. Using computer or smart phone for long time is one of the major risk factors that could lead to the dry eye syndrome in military pilots. Key words: Dry eye syndromes; Risk factors; Questionnaires; Military pilots
{"title":"Investigation on the prevalence of dry eye syndrome in military pilots and risk factors analysis","authors":"Yanhong Liu, J. Gu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate and analyze the prevalence of dry eye syndrome and risk factors in military pilots in order to provide references for improving aeromedical supports. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Cross-sectional study was applied on conducting questionnaire survey as consensus obtained from 846 military pilots. The suspected dry eye syndrome cases were diagnosed by the tests of slit lamp, break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) and tarsal glands function. The pilots were grouped by aircraft type (fighter, helicopter, transporter and bomber), by flying hours ( 2 000 h), by if the long-term usage of antibiotic eye drops and by if the play time of computer or smart phone ≥4 h/d. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was compared among groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Eight hundred and forty-three valid questionnaires out of 846 were collected. The available ratio was 99.65%. The prevalence of the dry eye syndrome was 8.07%. The common self-repoiled symptoms were dryness (80.88%), foreign body sensation (41.18%), visual fatigue (36.76%), visual acuity fluctuation (22.06%) and red eyes (14.71%). The comparisons among different aircraft type groups showed no statistical significance(χ2=3.16, P>0.05). The comparisons among different flying hours groups were statistically significant (χ2=49.85, P 2 000 h flying hours group was much higher than that in other two flying hours groups. The pilots with antibiotic eye drops for long time had significantly higher prevalence than those without the long-term usage (χ2=20.68, P<0.01). The pilots using computer or smart phone longer than 4 h/d showed significantly higher prevalence (χ2=18.33, P<0.01). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The prevalence of dry eye syndrome in military pilots increases with flying hours. Eye dryness is the main symptom. Using computer or smart phone for long time is one of the major risk factors that could lead to the dry eye syndrome in military pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Dry eye syndromes; Risk factors; Questionnaires; Military pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87409838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.004
Yong-sheng Chen, Linghui Zhu, Xiaohua Liu, Li Sun, Xiaoli Lu, Xiaoliang Wang, Lin Zhang, Shan Chen, Qingyuan Liu, Jie Zhang, X. Chen, Jun Wang, Wang Xuefeng
Objective To improve the technology of photic stimulative activation (PSA) and enhance the efficiency of electroencephalogram (EEG) examination in Air Force pilot selection. Methods A new flashlight for PSA was developed by optimizing the current technology and verified in pilot selection. Results Comparing to the old type the improvements of new flashlight included: ①the cambered appearance design enabled wider view field covered, the added LEDs and enhanced photic luminance allowed better evoking effect, and those improved the performance of flashlight. ②The photic frequency order was optimized by retaining 8, 10, 13, and 15 Hz but abandoning 6, 20, and 30 Hz. ③The new flashlight showed more significant photic evoking effects for the suspended abnormal EEG on such indices as photic driving reaction, multiple reaction and abnormal EEG waveform in PSA assessment. But for the diagnosed abnormal the evoking effects with new flashlight on 4 indices had no significant difference with the old one. ④The detection rate of PSA photic driving reaction duration time (≤5 s) evoked by the new flashlight increased by 10% as compared with that evoked by the old one. Conclusions The new PSA technology could significantly enhance the detection rate of the suspended abnormal EEG.It’s also helpful on effectively grading the stability of cerebral function. Key words: Electroencephalography; Photic stimulation; Physical examination; Personnel selection; Photic driving; Cerebral function
{"title":"Investigation of the technology and assessment standard of EEG photic stimulative activation for pilot selection","authors":"Yong-sheng Chen, Linghui Zhu, Xiaohua Liu, Li Sun, Xiaoli Lu, Xiaoliang Wang, Lin Zhang, Shan Chen, Qingyuan Liu, Jie Zhang, X. Chen, Jun Wang, Wang Xuefeng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To improve the technology of photic stimulative activation (PSA) and enhance the efficiency of electroencephalogram (EEG) examination in Air Force pilot selection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A new flashlight for PSA was developed by optimizing the current technology and verified in pilot selection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Comparing to the old type the improvements of new flashlight included: ①the cambered appearance design enabled wider view field covered, the added LEDs and enhanced photic luminance allowed better evoking effect, and those improved the performance of flashlight. ②The photic frequency order was optimized by retaining 8, 10, 13, and 15 Hz but abandoning 6, 20, and 30 Hz. ③The new flashlight showed more significant photic evoking effects for the suspended abnormal EEG on such indices as photic driving reaction, multiple reaction and abnormal EEG waveform in PSA assessment. But for the diagnosed abnormal the evoking effects with new flashlight on 4 indices had no significant difference with the old one. ④The detection rate of PSA photic driving reaction duration time (≤5 s) evoked by the new flashlight increased by 10% as compared with that evoked by the old one. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The new PSA technology could significantly enhance the detection rate of the suspended abnormal EEG.It’s also helpful on effectively grading the stability of cerebral function. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Electroencephalography; Photic stimulation; Physical examination; Personnel selection; Photic driving; Cerebral function","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.008
Ruidan Cao, Guanhua Zhao
{"title":"A pilot encountered the flight illusion——\"giant hand phenomenon\"","authors":"Ruidan Cao, Guanhua Zhao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"111-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75643402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.005
Mengjun Tang, Wendong Hu, Jin Ma, Shan Cheng
Objective To verify the simulation effect by the performance of pedal and reaction tasks in aviation emergency simulation on ground and to evaluate the subjects’ psychological stress response by heart rate variability (HRV). Methods Twenty-seven male subjects participated in the reaction task, the pedal task and the comprehensive tasks. In pedal task, subjects applied force on pedals with the feedback of force indication and the force curves were recorded. Subjects were asked to respond colored lights of reaction task in defined time (1 s) in reaction task. A safe-level current stimulus was applied on subject’s wrist in case of wrong or prolonged response happened. Comprehensive task was the integration of pedal and reaction tasks. ECG signals were recorded at pre-task baselines before the task and in the tasks. The reaction rate, reaction accuracy and the performance of pedal task were all calculated. Results The subjects′ reaction rate in the comprehensive tasks was faster than that in the reaction task (t=5.16, P<0.05), while the accuracy was lower than that in the reaction task (t=1.97, P<0.05). The performance of pedal force in the comprehensive task was the lowest (t=2.43, P<0.05). Subjects′ heart rate was significantly different among the pre-task, pedal task and comprehensive task (F=42.33, P<0.05). HR was the lowest in the pre-task and the highest in comprehensive task. Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals had different distribution in 3 tasks (χ2=25.85, 38.00, P<0.05). The high frequency power, low frequency normalized unit and high frequency normalized unit showed significantly different among tasks (χ2=19.18, 26.96, 24.00, P<0.05). Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals was the highest in pre-task and the lowest in comprehensive task. Conclusions The comprehensive task brings changes on the behavioristics of subjects. The HRV index verifies the raising of subjects′ psychological stress in comprehensive task, and the aviation emergency that simulated on ground would induce subjects′ fear mood to a certain extent. Key words: Heat rate; Stress, psychological; Workload; Evaluation studies
{"title":"Aviation emergency simulation on ground and the effectiveness assessment","authors":"Mengjun Tang, Wendong Hu, Jin Ma, Shan Cheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To verify the simulation effect by the performance of pedal and reaction tasks in aviation emergency simulation on ground and to evaluate the subjects’ psychological stress response by heart rate variability (HRV). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Twenty-seven male subjects participated in the reaction task, the pedal task and the comprehensive tasks. In pedal task, subjects applied force on pedals with the feedback of force indication and the force curves were recorded. Subjects were asked to respond colored lights of reaction task in defined time (1 s) in reaction task. A safe-level current stimulus was applied on subject’s wrist in case of wrong or prolonged response happened. Comprehensive task was the integration of pedal and reaction tasks. ECG signals were recorded at pre-task baselines before the task and in the tasks. The reaction rate, reaction accuracy and the performance of pedal task were all calculated. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The subjects′ reaction rate in the comprehensive tasks was faster than that in the reaction task (t=5.16, P<0.05), while the accuracy was lower than that in the reaction task (t=1.97, P<0.05). The performance of pedal force in the comprehensive task was the lowest (t=2.43, P<0.05). Subjects′ heart rate was significantly different among the pre-task, pedal task and comprehensive task (F=42.33, P<0.05). HR was the lowest in the pre-task and the highest in comprehensive task. Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals had different distribution in 3 tasks (χ2=25.85, 38.00, P<0.05). The high frequency power, low frequency normalized unit and high frequency normalized unit showed significantly different among tasks (χ2=19.18, 26.96, 24.00, P<0.05). Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals was the highest in pre-task and the lowest in comprehensive task. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The comprehensive task brings changes on the behavioristics of subjects. The HRV index verifies the raising of subjects′ psychological stress in comprehensive task, and the aviation emergency that simulated on ground would induce subjects′ fear mood to a certain extent. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Heat rate; Stress, psychological; Workload; Evaluation studies","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85833999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.012
J. Hao
{"title":"A case of right aortic arch diagnosed in the physical examination for civil airline recruitment","authors":"J. Hao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":"51-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.013
Yi-qing Yang, L. Pan, Jian Gao, Xiaorong Liu
Objective To evaluate and analyze the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and to provide the basis of improving the fitness of pilots. Methods The information of physical examinations of civil aviation pilots up to June of 2016 was extracted from the literatures included by CBM, China Journal Fulltext Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Data. Open Meta [Analyst] software was used to incorporate the single rate and the outcomes were expressed as prevalence and 95% CI, and to analyze the subgroups according to different characteristics of pilots. STATA software was used for publication bias. Results Twenty-six literatures were included for meta-analysis and 122 424 persons involved (aging from 16 to 73 yr). The diseases were mainly cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, eye diseases and abnormal blood biochemical indexes. The Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots were: hypertension 9.2% (95% CI was 7.1%-11.4%, I2=98%), overweight and obesity 42.2% (95% CI was 29.0%-55.5%, I2=100%), dyslipidemia 38.2% (95% CI was 24.1%-52.4%, I2=100%), in which the prevalence of TG was 28.0% (I2=98%), TC was 19.9% (I2=99%), HDL-C was 23.4% (I2=97%), and LDL-C was 19.3% (I2=98%). The prevalence of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia was respectively 3.1% (95% CI was 0.7%-5.6%, I2=95%) and 22.6% (95% CI was 18.5%-26.6%, I2=79%). The prevalence of fatty liver and gallbladder polyp was respectively 20.2% (95% CI was 10.4%-30.0%, I2=98%) and 5.2% (95% CI was 4.7%-5.8%, I2=0%). The prevalence of cataracts and poor vision was respectively 0.2% (95% CI was 0.1%-0.3%, I2=80%) and 9.4% (95% CI was 9.0%-9.7%, I2=0%). 10.2% pilots were diagnosed as hearing loss (I2=54%). Pilots at different age had different prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions The high incidences of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, fatty liver and hypertension are found in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and these suggest the importance of countermeasures for improving their healthiness. Key words: Physical examination; Prevalence rate; Meta-analysis; Pilots
{"title":"Meta-analysis of prevalence in Chinese civil aviation pilots","authors":"Yi-qing Yang, L. Pan, Jian Gao, Xiaorong Liu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate and analyze the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and to provide the basis of improving the fitness of pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The information of physical examinations of civil aviation pilots up to June of 2016 was extracted from the literatures included by CBM, China Journal Fulltext Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Data. Open Meta [Analyst] software was used to incorporate the single rate and the outcomes were expressed as prevalence and 95% CI, and to analyze the subgroups according to different characteristics of pilots. STATA software was used for publication bias. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Twenty-six literatures were included for meta-analysis and 122 424 persons involved (aging from 16 to 73 yr). The diseases were mainly cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, eye diseases and abnormal blood biochemical indexes. The Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of various diseases in Chinese civil aviation pilots were: hypertension 9.2% (95% CI was 7.1%-11.4%, I2=98%), overweight and obesity 42.2% (95% CI was 29.0%-55.5%, I2=100%), dyslipidemia 38.2% (95% CI was 24.1%-52.4%, I2=100%), in which the prevalence of TG was 28.0% (I2=98%), TC was 19.9% (I2=99%), HDL-C was 23.4% (I2=97%), and LDL-C was 19.3% (I2=98%). The prevalence of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia was respectively 3.1% (95% CI was 0.7%-5.6%, I2=95%) and 22.6% (95% CI was 18.5%-26.6%, I2=79%). The prevalence of fatty liver and gallbladder polyp was respectively 20.2% (95% CI was 10.4%-30.0%, I2=98%) and 5.2% (95% CI was 4.7%-5.8%, I2=0%). The prevalence of cataracts and poor vision was respectively 0.2% (95% CI was 0.1%-0.3%, I2=80%) and 9.4% (95% CI was 9.0%-9.7%, I2=0%). 10.2% pilots were diagnosed as hearing loss (I2=54%). Pilots at different age had different prevalence of hypertension. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The high incidences of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, fatty liver and hypertension are found in Chinese civil aviation pilots, and these suggest the importance of countermeasures for improving their healthiness. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Physical examination; Prevalence rate; Meta-analysis; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89791333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.007
Guanhua Zhao, Yifeng Ding, Kai Sun, Cao Ruidan, Chen Tao, Weiming Yan, Fei Wu
Objective To apply neural contrast sensitivity (NCS) on evaluating the dark adapted and night vision goggle (NVG) aided visual performance upon the comparison with contrast sensitivity (CS) and to investigate the value of NCS in the assessment of visual performance. Methods Eight healthy male volunteers (8 eyes) were recruited for this study, and the right eye was tested in this experiment. CS curves of volunteers in light adaptation, dark adaptation and with NVG were measured by Vision Monitor System in different environment luminance levels (10-1-10-4 cd/m2). Modulation transfer function (MTF) curves were measured by optical quality analysis system. NCS was defined as the ratio of CS and MTF. Results In lower and medium frequency range (spatial frequency was 0.6-3.4 cycle/degree), dark adaptation made subject′s NCS and CS mount up considerably in the scotopic vision environment, but less effect in mesopic vision environment. NVG considerably improved subject′s NCS and CS both in scotopic and mesopic vision environments (spatial frequency was 1.1-7.1 cycle/degree) and more effective than in dark adaptation. In high spatial frequency range, neither dark adaptation nor NVG had obvious effect on improving subject′s NCS and CS. Conclusions Both dark adaptation and snooper scopes can improve visual performance in the scotopic vision environment, but snooper scopes is better. CS curves can represent the comprehensive visual performance, NCS reflects the function of the retina-brain neural system. But NCS and MTF would be helpful to find the reasons in case of poor CS measured. The examination combined NCS and MTF with CS is suggested. Key words: Contrast sensitivity; Dark adaptation; Vision; Night vision goggles
{"title":"Value of neural contrast sensitivity on evaluating dark adapted and night vision goggle aided visual performance","authors":"Guanhua Zhao, Yifeng Ding, Kai Sun, Cao Ruidan, Chen Tao, Weiming Yan, Fei Wu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To apply neural contrast sensitivity (NCS) on evaluating the dark adapted and night vision goggle (NVG) aided visual performance upon the comparison with contrast sensitivity (CS) and to investigate the value of NCS in the assessment of visual performance. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Eight healthy male volunteers (8 eyes) were recruited for this study, and the right eye was tested in this experiment. CS curves of volunteers in light adaptation, dark adaptation and with NVG were measured by Vision Monitor System in different environment luminance levels (10-1-10-4 cd/m2). Modulation transfer function (MTF) curves were measured by optical quality analysis system. NCS was defined as the ratio of CS and MTF. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In lower and medium frequency range (spatial frequency was 0.6-3.4 cycle/degree), dark adaptation made subject′s NCS and CS mount up considerably in the scotopic vision environment, but less effect in mesopic vision environment. NVG considerably improved subject′s NCS and CS both in scotopic and mesopic vision environments (spatial frequency was 1.1-7.1 cycle/degree) and more effective than in dark adaptation. In high spatial frequency range, neither dark adaptation nor NVG had obvious effect on improving subject′s NCS and CS. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Both dark adaptation and snooper scopes can improve visual performance in the scotopic vision environment, but snooper scopes is better. CS curves can represent the comprehensive visual performance, NCS reflects the function of the retina-brain neural system. But NCS and MTF would be helpful to find the reasons in case of poor CS measured. The examination combined NCS and MTF with CS is suggested. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Contrast sensitivity; Dark adaptation; Vision; Night vision goggles","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88867059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.010
L. Luo, Qi Li, Dan Yang, Jiayu Sun, Yong Luo, Hong Liu, Ke Wan
Objective To investigate the practical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in evaluating the occult myocardial disease in the physical examination for civil aviation pilots. Methods The pilots who diagnosed as suspicious myocardial disease due to the abnormal electrocardiography or echocardiography from 2012-2016 were referred to CMR examination. CMR were performed by a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner (Magnetum, Tim Trio, Siemens). Scanning protocol consisted with standard cardiac function, first perfusion (Magvist, 0.15 mmol/kg), and late gadolinium enhancement. CMR image analysis and diagnosis were done by experienced doctors. Results Six pilots received CMR exams (6 males, age range by 24-52 years). All images quality was good enough for analysis and diagnosis. Finally, 3 cases were diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 case was hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy, 1 case was left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and 1 case was eliminated the possibility of myocardial disease. In follow-up, no clinical cardiovascular events were reported in all patients. Only the case with LVNC deteriorated into dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced systolic function. Conclusions Occult myocardial diseases could occur in pilots. CMR is very valuable in diagnosing and evaluating suspicious myocardial diseases for pilot population. Key words: Heart; Magnetic resonance imaging; Cardiomyopathies; Electrocardiography; Pilots
目的探讨心脏磁共振成像(CMR)在民航飞行员体格检查中评估隐匿性心肌疾病的实用价值。方法对2012-2016年因心电图或超声心动图异常诊断为可疑心肌疾病的飞行员进行CMR检查。采用3.0 Tesla MRI扫描仪(Magnetum, Tim Trio, Siemens)进行CMR。扫描方案为心功能标准，第一次灌注(Magvist, 0.15 mmol/kg)，晚期钆增强。CMR图像分析和诊断由经验丰富的医生完成。结果6名飞行员接受CMR考试，其中男性6名，年龄24 ~ 52岁。所有图像质量足以用于分析和诊断。最终诊断为肥厚性心肌病3例，高血压性左室肥厚1例，左室不压实(LVNC) 1例，排除心肌疾病可能性1例。在随访中，所有患者均未报告临床心血管事件。只有LVNC的病例恶化为扩张型心肌病，收缩功能降低。结论飞行员可发生隐匿性心肌疾病。CMR对飞行员人群可疑心肌疾病的诊断和评价具有重要价值。关键词:心脏;磁共振成像;心肌病;心电描记法;飞行员
{"title":"Application of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of occult myocardial diseases in civil aviation pilots","authors":"L. Luo, Qi Li, Dan Yang, Jiayu Sun, Yong Luo, Hong Liu, Ke Wan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the practical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in evaluating the occult myocardial disease in the physical examination for civil aviation pilots. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The pilots who diagnosed as suspicious myocardial disease due to the abnormal electrocardiography or echocardiography from 2012-2016 were referred to CMR examination. CMR were performed by a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner (Magnetum, Tim Trio, Siemens). Scanning protocol consisted with standard cardiac function, first perfusion (Magvist, 0.15 mmol/kg), and late gadolinium enhancement. CMR image analysis and diagnosis were done by experienced doctors. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Six pilots received CMR exams (6 males, age range by 24-52 years). All images quality was good enough for analysis and diagnosis. Finally, 3 cases were diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 case was hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy, 1 case was left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and 1 case was eliminated the possibility of myocardial disease. In follow-up, no clinical cardiovascular events were reported in all patients. Only the case with LVNC deteriorated into dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced systolic function. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Occult myocardial diseases could occur in pilots. CMR is very valuable in diagnosing and evaluating suspicious myocardial diseases for pilot population. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Heart; Magnetic resonance imaging; Cardiomyopathies; Electrocardiography; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81074087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.006
Xiaoyan Zheng
Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of blood uric acid and blood fat, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fatty liver disease, diabetes, urinary calculi in flying personnel of Civil Aviation Flight University of China, to search for risk factors leading to hyperuricemia, and to discuss the normal range of blood uric acid of flying personnel and prevention measures. Methods The physical examination data of 1 721 flying personnel in Civil Aviation Flight University of China were analyzed through the retrospective analysis method. According to blood uric acid level, they were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia group and control group. The comparisons on the difference of blood fat, BMI, waist circumference, and on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, kidney stones, fatty liver were done between two groups. Effective factors of blood uric acid were analyzed with the non-conditional Logistic regression. Results In 1 721 examined flying personnel, prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 25.10%. BMI and waist circumference in hyperuricemia group was respectively bigger than that of control group. The triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C level in hyperuricemia group was respectively higher than that of control group. HDL-C in hyperuricemia group was lower than that of control group (t=2.764-7.24, P<0.01) . The percentage of drinking and fatty liver prevalence in hyperuricemia group were higher than those in control group (χ2=5.710, 7.513, P<0.05)). Abdominal obesity, hyperlipemia and drinking habit were significantly related to hyperuricemia (P<0.05). Conclusions BMI, waist circumference, the level of blood fat, drinking habit and fatty liver are related to hyperuricemia. Abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia and drinking habit are the main risk factors which cause hyperuricemia of civil flying personnel. The preventions such as controlling the weight and the level of blood fat, as well as banning drinking would be helpful to manage the level of blood uric acid. The necessary therapy of uric acid restraining is also suggested. Key words: Hyperuricemia; Risk factors; Epidemiologic studies; Aircrews
{"title":"The present status of hyperuricemia in civil aviation flying personnel","authors":"Xiaoyan Zheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2017.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the relationship between the level of blood uric acid and blood fat, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fatty liver disease, diabetes, urinary calculi in flying personnel of Civil Aviation Flight University of China, to search for risk factors leading to hyperuricemia, and to discuss the normal range of blood uric acid of flying personnel and prevention measures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The physical examination data of 1 721 flying personnel in Civil Aviation Flight University of China were analyzed through the retrospective analysis method. According to blood uric acid level, they were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia group and control group. The comparisons on the difference of blood fat, BMI, waist circumference, and on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, kidney stones, fatty liver were done between two groups. Effective factors of blood uric acid were analyzed with the non-conditional Logistic regression. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In 1 721 examined flying personnel, prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 25.10%. BMI and waist circumference in hyperuricemia group was respectively bigger than that of control group. The triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C level in hyperuricemia group was respectively higher than that of control group. HDL-C in hyperuricemia group was lower than that of control group (t=2.764-7.24, P<0.01) . The percentage of drinking and fatty liver prevalence in hyperuricemia group were higher than those in control group (χ2=5.710, 7.513, P<0.05)). Abdominal obesity, hyperlipemia and drinking habit were significantly related to hyperuricemia (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000BMI, waist circumference, the level of blood fat, drinking habit and fatty liver are related to hyperuricemia. Abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia and drinking habit are the main risk factors which cause hyperuricemia of civil flying personnel. The preventions such as controlling the weight and the level of blood fat, as well as banning drinking would be helpful to manage the level of blood uric acid. The necessary therapy of uric acid restraining is also suggested. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Hyperuricemia; Risk factors; Epidemiologic studies; Aircrews","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"328 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79721180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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