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Inhalt: Chemie in unserer Zeit 4/2024 内容:我们时代的化学 4/2024
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202470402
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引用次数: 0
Quarz – wenn's fest werden muss 石英--当它必须是固体时
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300020
Dieter Sicker

Folgen Sie uns durch das wilde Verzascatal. Die geologische Vielfalt spiegelt die komplexe Gesteinsbildung wider: Magmatische Prozesse, metamorphe Umwandlungen und die Zeit haben zu dieser faszinierenden Landschaft geführt.

跟随我们的脚步,穿越野性十足的韦尔扎斯卡山谷(Verzasca Valley)。地质的多样性反映了岩石形成的复杂性:岩浆过程、变质转化和时间造就了这一迷人的地貌。
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引用次数: 0
Das Gift war vor dem Stachel da 毒药在刺痛之前就已存在
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202400011
Larissa Tetsch

Stechimmen sind eine wehrhafte Gruppe von Hautflüglern: Bienen, Wespen und viele Ameisen besitzen einen Stachel, der darauf spezialisiert ist, ein potentes Gift in die Beute oder einen Feind zu injizieren. Ein groß angelegter Genomvergleich hat nun aber gezeigt, dass auch Hautflügler, die noch keinen Stachel besitzen, ein sehr ähnliches Gift produzieren. Parasitäre Pflanzenwespen manipulieren damit den Stoffwechsel von Nadelbäumen, in deren Holz sie ihre Eier ablegen.

刺吸昆虫是膜翅目昆虫中的一个防御性类群:蜜蜂、黄蜂和许多蚂蚁都有一根刺,专门向猎物或敌人注射剧毒。然而,一项大规模的基因组比较显示,膜翅目昆虫虽然还没有毒刺,但也能产生一种非常类似的毒液。寄生植物黄蜂利用这种毒液操纵针叶树的新陈代谢,它们在针叶树的木头里产卵。
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引用次数: 0
Chemiebier 化学啤酒
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202410005
Gerhard Karger

Tankard: „Chemical Invasion“, LP-Cover; Vorder- und Rückseite (Reissue).

Tankard:"化学入侵",唱片封面;正面和背面(再版)。
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引用次数: 0
Vorschau auf Heft 4/2024 第 4/2024 期预览
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202470303
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引用次数: 0
Inhalt: Chemie in unserer Zeit 3/2024 内容:我们时代的化学 3/2024
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202470302
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引用次数: 0
Menschen im Weltall 太空中的人们
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202470301

Astropharmazie und -toxikologie in der Raumfahrt

Seit dem ersten Orbitalflug von Juri Gagarin im April 1961 sammelt die Menschheit Erfahrung mit dem Leben im All. Mit Neil Armstrong betrat am 21. Juli 1969 der erste Mensch den Mond. Während die ersten Weltraumflüge nur wenige Tage andauerten, sind inzwischen durch die russische Raumstation Mir Mitte der 1980er Jahre und seit der Jahrtausendwende durch die internationale Raumstation ISS längere Besuche im Weltraum scheinbar Routine geworden. Es ist absehbar, dass in der Zukunft, nicht zuletzt durch private Initiative, mehr Menschen Weltraumerfahrung machen werden. So hat der Multimilliardär Elon Musk 2002 SpaceX gegründet mit dem klaren Ziel, eines Tages eine Marskolonie zu gründen. Dabei stellen die Bedingungen des Weltalls, insbesondere geringe Schwerkraft, hohe Strahlung, große Temperaturunterschiede und das Vakuum völlig neue Herausforderungen an das Fachgebiet der Pharmazie und Toxikologie.

Unser Titelbild zeigt eine Außenbordexpedition an der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS) im Oktober 2002. (Foto: NASA)

太空旅行中的天体药理学和天体毒理学自 1961 年 4 月尤里-加加林(Yuri Gagarin)首次进行轨道飞行以来,人类一直在体验太空生活。1969 年 7 月 21 日,尼尔-阿姆斯特朗(Neil Armstrong)成为第一个踏上月球的人。虽然首次太空飞行只持续了几天,但由于 20 世纪 80 年代中期俄罗斯的和平号空间站,以及进入新千年后的国际空间站,更长时间的太空之行现在似乎已成为家常便饭。可以预见,未来将有更多的人体验太空,尤其是通过私人倡议。例如,亿万富翁埃隆-马斯克(Elon Musk)于 2002 年创立了 SpaceX 公司,其明确目标是有朝一日建立火星殖民地。太空条件,尤其是低重力、高辐射、大温差和真空,对药剂学和毒理学领域提出了全新的挑战。我们的封面图片显示的是 2002 年 10 月前往国际空间站(ISS)的舷外考察队。
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引用次数: 0
Polarlichter: trügerische Schönheiten 北极光:具有欺骗性的美景
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202410004
Doris Fischer-Henningsen

Die optisch schönen Polarlichter bringt man spontan nicht mit abgestürzten Satelliten, Stromausfällen und gestörter Telekommunikation in Verbindung – doch alle diese Phänomene haben eine gemeinsame Ursache.

视觉上美丽的极光并不会让人立刻联想到坠毁的卫星、断电和中断的电信,但所有这些现象都有一个共同的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Bio-inspirierte Materialentwicklungen 生物启发材料的开发
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300046
em. Univ. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schubert

Biological materials are often characterized by the fact that their structuring is at least equally, sometimes even more important for generating certain properties or property combinations than their chemical composition. This is not only the case for volume properties, but also for the skin of animals or the surface of leaves or blossoms. Biological structures for hydrophobization or antireflection of surfaces, adaptive coloring, drag reduction and increase of adhesion have been selected in this article as examples how such structures can be transferred (by means of bio-inspiration) to the development of new materials.

生物材料的特点通常是,在实现某些特性或特性组合方面,其结构至少与其化学成分同等重要,甚至往往更为重要。这不仅适用于体积特性,也适用于动物皮肤或花叶表面。本文选取了用于表面疏水化或抗反射涂层、自适应着色、降低摩擦阻力和增加粘合力的生物结构作为例子,说明如何将此类结构(生物启发)应用于新材料的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Bio-inspirierte Materialentwicklungen 生物启发材料的开发
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300045
em. Univ. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schubert

Extraordinary mechanical properties of biological materials are often not so much due to their chemical composition, but instead to the formation of hierarchical structures. This is illustrated with three examples – nacre, spider silk und holdfast structures of mussels. Selected approaches of taking inspiration from the construction principles of these natural materials for the development of new materials are presented. Although the high degree of integrating many hierarchical levels, as well as adaptability and multifuncionality of the materials, as achieved by evolutionary processes, has not (yet) been reached, bio-inspired concepts allow developing materials with interesting specific properties.

生物材料之所以具有非凡的机械特性,往往不是因为它们的化学成分,而是因为形成了分层结构。本文以珍珠质、蜘蛛丝和贻贝的固着结构这三个例子来说明这一点。本文介绍了从这些天然材料的结构原理中汲取灵感开发新材料的一些方法。虽然目前还没有达到进化过程中实现的多层次高度集成,以及材料的适应性和多功能性,但生物启发概念可以开发出具有有趣的特殊性能的材料。
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引用次数: 0
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Chemie in Unserer Zeit
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