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Kunst trifft Wissenschaft: Runges chemische Musterbilder 艺术与科学:朗格的化学模式
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202500012
Gisela Boeck, Alexander Kraft

On the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the publication of “Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen”, the life and work of Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge and his impressive book are being commemorated. A short biographical sketch gives an insight into his life before his chemical pictures are presented and discussed in detail. The text is rounded off with instructions for making these chemical pictures and a note on their mutability.

在《缪斯bilder fr Freunde des Schönen》出版175周年之际,人们纪念弗里德利布·费迪南德·龙格的生活和工作,以及他那本令人印象深刻的书。在他的化学图片被展示和详细讨论之前,一个简短的传记草图让我们了解了他的生活。正文最后附有制作这些化学图片的说明和关于它们的易变性的注释。
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引用次数: 0
Raumnetzstrukturen: Chemischer Gerüstbau 空间网络结构:化学结构
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202400039
Ulrich Schubert

In solids with three-dimensional framework structures, connecting and linking elements are combined by means of directed bonds. Metal ions or metal clusters with coordination numbers > 2 are possible as connectors, in organic framework structures also organic building blocks with a defined spatial arrangement of functional groups. Linkers can be simple inorganic moieties (oxygen in zeolites or aluminophosphates, CN in cyanometallates), but also organic groups of different size and functionality (in zeolitic imidazolates, metal-organic and organic framework structures). The diversity of possible network structures is considerably increased, if both the connectors and linkers are capable of forming more than two linkages. Not only the network topologies are characteristic of framework structures, but also the channel systems resulting from the interconnection of open cavities.

在具有三维框架结构的固体中,连接和连接元素通过定向键结合在一起。配位数为>; 2的金属离子或金属团簇可以作为连接物,在有机框架结构中也可以作为具有确定的官能团空间排列的有机构建块。连接剂可以是简单的无机基团(沸石或磷酸铝中的氧,氰金属酸盐中的CN),也可以是不同大小和功能的有机基团(沸石咪唑酸盐,金属有机和有机框架结构)。如果连接器和连接器都能够形成两个以上的连接,则可能的网络结构的多样性将大大增加。不仅网络拓扑结构具有框架结构的特征,而且由于开放腔的互连而形成的通道系统也具有框架结构的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Kleine Partikel, smarte Wirkung: Zielgerichteter Wirkstofftransport mit Nanopartikeln 小颗粒,智能效果:纳米颗粒靶向活性物质运输
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202500005
Antonia Wallbraun

In the presented teaching unit, students gain insights into the field of nanomedicine with focus on targeted drug delivery. The introduction is problem-oriented, highlighting the challenges and limitations of conventional systemic drug delivery: severe side effects in non-diseased organs and low therapeutic efficacy at the target site. In contrast, the potential of using nanocarriers in modern medicine is explored, along with the associated opportunities for personalized and precise treatment. Polymers are identified as suitable starting materials for nanoscale plastic particles, based on their known properties. Students independently synthesize the polymer poly(δ -valerolactone) (Pδ VL), started from the monomer δ -valerolactone via a ring-opening polymerization. The focus then shifts to the formulation of nanocarriers, which are designed to encapsulate the cargos, transport within the body, protect from premature degradation, and finally release them at the diseased organ. Using the synthesized polymer Pδ VL as starting material, students produce nanocarriers and load them with the model drug Nile Red. The solvent displacement method involving dropwise addition is applied, and the underlying chemical principles are explained. Finally, the focus is placed on stimulus-responsive release. In a student experiment, pH-dependent release is demonstrated as an example.

在本单元的教学中,学生将深入了解纳米医学领域,重点是靶向给药。本文以问题为导向,强调了常规全身给药的挑战和局限性:对非病变器官的严重副作用和对靶部位的低疗效。相比之下,在现代医学中使用纳米载体的潜力正在探索,以及个性化和精确治疗的相关机会。聚合物被确定为纳米级塑料颗粒的合适起始材料,基于它们已知的性质。学生以单体δ -戊内酯为原料,通过开环聚合,自主合成了聚合物聚(δ -戊内酯)(Pδ VL)。然后,重点转移到纳米载体的配方上,纳米载体被设计成封装货物,在体内运输,防止过早降解,最后在患病器官释放它们。以合成的聚合物Pδ VL为起始材料,学生制作纳米载体,并将模型药物尼罗红装入其中。采用滴加溶剂置换法,并解释了基本的化学原理。最后,重点放在刺激反应释放上。在一个学生实验中,以ph依赖性释放为例进行了演示。
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引用次数: 0
Inhalt: Chemie in unserer Zeit 4/2025 我们时代的化学4/2025
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202570402
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引用次数: 0
Spinnengifte
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202570401

Wunderwaffe Spinnengift

Unter den Gifttieren sind Spinnen besonders erfolgreich, denn sie produzieren komplexe Gifte und zeigen eine große Artenvielfalt. Dennoch ist über das Gift der meisten Spinnen bisher nur wenig bekannt. Neue Methoden der Systembiologie und Biotechnologie erlauben nun tiefergehende Untersuchungen. Dies hat nicht nur das Verständnis der evolutionären Ökologie von Spinnen erweitert, sondern auch wertvolle Moleküle aus Spinnengiften für diverse Anwendungen auf den Weg gebracht. Unser Titel (Bild: Louis Roth) zeigt das Männchen einer Herbströhrenspinne (Eresus kollari). Diese Spinnenart ist auch in Deutschland heimisch; Weibchen erreichen 8 bis 16 mm, Männchen 6 bis 11 mm Körperlänge.

在有毒的动物中,蜘蛛特别成功,因为它们产生复杂的毒素,并表现出广泛的生物多样性。然而,人们对大多数蜘蛛的毒液知之甚少。系统生物学和生物技术的新方法现在允许更深入的研究。这不仅扩大了我们对蜘蛛进化生态学的理解,而且还为蜘蛛毒素的各种应用开辟了有价值的分子。我们的标题(图片:Louis Roth)展示了一只雄性秋蛛(Eresus kollari)。这种蜘蛛也原产于德国;雌性体长8 - 16毫米,雄性体长6 - 11毫米。
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引用次数: 0
Vorschau auf Heft 5/2025 检索日期:2015-05-05
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202570403
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引用次数: 0
Elemente: N6 – neuer Stoff für Lehrbücher N6 -教科书的新材料
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202510007
Doris Fischer-Henningsen

Ein Forschungsteam der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen hat erstmals Hexastickstoff N6 synthetisiert. Diese zuvor lediglich theoretisch vorhergesagte Modifikation von elementarem Stickstoff besteht aus sechs in Kettenform verbundenen Stickstoffatomen und zeichnet sich durch einen sehr hohen Energiegehalt aus. Beim Zerfall entsteht molekularer Stickstoff N2, wie er auch in der Atmosphäre vorkommt.

Gießen大学的一个研究小组首次合成了六氮N6。这种以前只在理论上预测的单质氮修饰由6个氮原子链式连接组成,其特点是能量含量非常高。分解产生N2分子氮,就像在大气中发现的那样。
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引用次数: 0
Ökologische Chemie: Chemisches Radar schützt Bakterien vor Amöben 生态化学:化学雷达保护细菌免受变形虫的侵害
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202510006
Annette Hille-Rehfeld

Bakterien fressende Amöben im Boden unterstützen die Infektionsabwehr von Pflanzen. Das pflanzenpathogene Bakterium Pseudomonas syringae schützt sich seinerseits vor den Amöben, indem es eine Signalsubstanz ausscheidet, welche die Amöben enzymatisch modifizieren. Das modifizierte Signal erkennt ein spezifischer Sensor der Bakterien und induziert infolgedessen die Bildung eines Amöbizids.

土壤中以细菌为食的变形虫有助于植物抵抗感染。紫丁香假单胞菌通过释放一种酶修饰变形虫的信号物质来保护自己免受变形虫的侵害。修改后的信号识别细菌的特定传感器,从而诱导阿米巴杀菌剂的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Endloser Weltraum: Außerirdische Gerüche 无限空间:外星气味
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202500027
Karsten Strey

Auch wenn das Vakuum des Weltraums sich nicht zum Einatmen eignet, konnten mit unterschiedlichen chemischen Analysemethoden inzwischen viele außerirdische Geruchsstoffe nachgewiesen werden, auch an Orten, die noch nie ein Mensch zuvor betreten hat.

虽然太空的真空不适合吸入,但各种化学分析方法已经能够探测到许多外星气味,甚至在以前从未有人去过的地方。
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引用次数: 0
Rätsel: Vom Grignard über die mathematische Brücke nach Rom? “从格里纳德到罗马的数学桥”。
IF 0.6 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202500032
Deike Hatscher

Wissen Sie, welcher organische Halbleiter im Vatikan zur Indikation eines unerfolgreichen Wahlgangs eines Konklaves verbrannt wird?

你知道梵蒂冈正在焚烧哪些有机半导体来表明秘密会议选举失败吗?
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引用次数: 0
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