{"title":"Inhalt: Chemie in unserer Zeit 3/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202470302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202470302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"138-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seit dem ersten Orbitalflug von Juri Gagarin im April 1961 sammelt die Menschheit Erfahrung mit dem Leben im All. Mit Neil Armstrong betrat am 21. Juli 1969 der erste Mensch den Mond. Während die ersten Weltraumflüge nur wenige Tage andauerten, sind inzwischen durch die russische Raumstation Mir Mitte der 1980er Jahre und seit der Jahrtausendwende durch die internationale Raumstation ISS längere Besuche im Weltraum scheinbar Routine geworden. Es ist absehbar, dass in der Zukunft, nicht zuletzt durch private Initiative, mehr Menschen Weltraumerfahrung machen werden. So hat der Multimilliardär Elon Musk 2002 SpaceX gegründet mit dem klaren Ziel, eines Tages eine Marskolonie zu gründen. Dabei stellen die Bedingungen des Weltalls, insbesondere geringe Schwerkraft, hohe Strahlung, große Temperaturunterschiede und das Vakuum völlig neue Herausforderungen an das Fachgebiet der Pharmazie und Toxikologie.
Unser Titelbild zeigt eine Außenbordexpedition an der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS) im Oktober 2002. (Foto: NASA)
{"title":"Menschen im Weltall","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202470301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202470301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Astropharmazie und -toxikologie in der Raumfahrt</b></p><p>Seit dem ersten Orbitalflug von Juri Gagarin im April 1961 sammelt die Menschheit Erfahrung mit dem Leben im All. Mit Neil Armstrong betrat am 21. Juli 1969 der erste Mensch den Mond. Während die ersten Weltraumflüge nur wenige Tage andauerten, sind inzwischen durch die russische Raumstation Mir Mitte der 1980er Jahre und seit der Jahrtausendwende durch die internationale Raumstation ISS längere Besuche im Weltraum scheinbar Routine geworden. Es ist absehbar, dass in der Zukunft, nicht zuletzt durch private Initiative, mehr Menschen Weltraumerfahrung machen werden. So hat der Multimilliardär Elon Musk 2002 SpaceX gegründet mit dem klaren Ziel, eines Tages eine Marskolonie zu gründen. Dabei stellen die Bedingungen des Weltalls, insbesondere geringe Schwerkraft, hohe Strahlung, große Temperaturunterschiede und das Vakuum völlig neue Herausforderungen an das Fachgebiet der Pharmazie und Toxikologie.</p><p>Unser Titelbild zeigt eine Außenbordexpedition an der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS) im Oktober 2002. (Foto: NASA)</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ciuz.202470301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die optisch schönen Polarlichter bringt man spontan nicht mit abgestürzten Satelliten, Stromausfällen und gestörter Telekommunikation in Verbindung – doch alle diese Phänomene haben eine gemeinsame Ursache.
{"title":"Polarlichter: trügerische Schönheiten","authors":"Doris Fischer-Henningsen","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202410004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202410004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Die optisch schönen Polarlichter bringt man spontan nicht mit abgestürzten Satelliten, Stromausfällen und gestörter Telekommunikation in Verbindung – doch alle diese Phänomene haben eine gemeinsame Ursache.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Only a few years ago, the ascarosides of nematodes advanced from a pheromone inducing dauer larvae to an extensive class of natural substances whose structural diversity is based on the modular linking of intermediates of the most diverse metabolic pathways. Their physiological functions are correspondingly diverse, ranging from structural lipids to diffusible signaling substances. Nematodes use ascarosides to communicate not only with each other, but also with organisms from other kingdoms.
{"title":"Die Ascaroside","authors":"Dr. Annette Hille-Rehfeld","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202210024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202210024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only a few years ago, the ascarosides of nematodes advanced from a pheromone inducing dauer larvae to an extensive class of natural substances whose structural diversity is based on the modular linking of intermediates of the most diverse metabolic pathways. Their physiological functions are correspondingly diverse, ranging from structural lipids to diffusible signaling substances. Nematodes use ascarosides to communicate not only with each other, but also with organisms from other kingdoms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"59 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological materials are often characterized by the fact that their structuring is at least equally, sometimes even more important for generating certain properties or property combinations than their chemical composition. This is not only the case for volume properties, but also for the skin of animals or the surface of leaves or blossoms. Biological structures for hydrophobization or antireflection of surfaces, adaptive coloring, drag reduction and increase of adhesion have been selected in this article as examples how such structures can be transferred (by means of bio-inspiration) to the development of new materials.
{"title":"Bio-inspirierte Materialentwicklungen","authors":"em. Univ. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schubert","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202300046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202300046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biological materials are often characterized by the fact that their structuring is at least equally, sometimes even more important for generating certain properties or property combinations than their chemical composition. This is not only the case for volume properties, but also for the skin of animals or the surface of leaves or blossoms. Biological structures for hydrophobization or antireflection of surfaces, adaptive coloring, drag reduction and increase of adhesion have been selected in this article as examples how such structures can be transferred (by means of bio-inspiration) to the development of new materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 5","pages":"282-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extraordinary mechanical properties of biological materials are often not so much due to their chemical composition, but instead to the formation of hierarchical structures. This is illustrated with three examples – nacre, spider silk und holdfast structures of mussels. Selected approaches of taking inspiration from the construction principles of these natural materials for the development of new materials are presented. Although the high degree of integrating many hierarchical levels, as well as adaptability and multifuncionality of the materials, as achieved by evolutionary processes, has not (yet) been reached, bio-inspired concepts allow developing materials with interesting specific properties.
{"title":"Bio-inspirierte Materialentwicklungen","authors":"em. Univ. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schubert","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202300045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202300045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extraordinary mechanical properties of biological materials are often not so much due to their chemical composition, but instead to the formation of hierarchical structures. This is illustrated with three examples – nacre, spider silk und holdfast structures of mussels. Selected approaches of taking inspiration from the construction principles of these natural materials for the development of new materials are presented. Although the high degree of integrating many hierarchical levels, as well as adaptability and multifuncionality of the materials, as achieved by evolutionary processes, has not (yet) been reached, bio-inspired concepts allow developing materials with interesting specific properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 4","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benediktenkraut ist bereits seit Jahrhunderten als Heilpflanze bekannt, die vor allem bei Verdauungsbeschwerden Linderung verschafft. Diese Wirkung geht auf die in der Pflanze enthaltenen Bitterstoffe zurück. Für den Hauptwirkstoff Cnicin berichten Kölner Forscher nun über eine ganz neue Indikation: Er fördert das Wachstum von Axonen, den Fortsätzen von Nervenzellen.
{"title":"Ein Bitterstoff für die Verdauung – und die Nerven","authors":"Doris Fischer-Henningsen","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202410003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202410003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Benediktenkraut ist bereits seit Jahrhunderten als Heilpflanze bekannt, die vor allem bei Verdauungsbeschwerden Linderung verschafft. Diese Wirkung geht auf die in der Pflanze enthaltenen Bitterstoffe zurück. Für den Hauptwirkstoff Cnicin berichten Kölner Forscher nun über eine ganz neue Indikation: Er fördert das Wachstum von Axonen, den Fortsätzen von Nervenzellen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Durch Manipulation von Einzelmolekülen im Rastermikroskop gelang die Synthese von neuartigen Allotropen des Kohlenstoffs, die sich als ringförmig geschlossene Polyine beschreiben lassen. Sowohl aromatische als auch anti-aromatische Ringe sind inzwischen charakterisiert.
{"title":"Neue Kohlenstoff-Moleküle","authors":"Michael Groß","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202310020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202310020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Durch Manipulation von Einzelmolekülen im Rastermikroskop gelang die Synthese von neuartigen Allotropen des Kohlenstoffs, die sich als ringförmig geschlossene Polyine beschreiben lassen. Sowohl aromatische als auch anti-aromatische Ringe sind inzwischen charakterisiert.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"142-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Ließmann, Anja Landsmann, Jan Rossa, Prof. Dr. Jens Meiler
Community science is experiencing a small revolution with many new projects, some of which combine modern computer science with human creativity and games. In FoldIt, players can fold and design proteins, and create suitable ligands for them. In DrugIt they can create small molecules for target structures and thus, gain direct insights into drug development concepts and support the process directly. The best results from the game are analyzed by researchers and might even be published.
{"title":"Community-Science- Projekte in der Wissenschaft","authors":"Fabian Ließmann, Anja Landsmann, Jan Rossa, Prof. Dr. Jens Meiler","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202400009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community science is experiencing a small revolution with many new projects, some of which combine modern computer science with human creativity and games. In FoldIt, players can fold and design proteins, and create suitable ligands for them. In DrugIt they can create small molecules for target structures and thus, gain direct insights into drug development concepts and support the process directly. The best results from the game are analyzed by researchers and might even be published.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 4","pages":"208-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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