Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.287
Zhu Jiaqi , Xu Jin , Li Ruihan , Yang Yifei , Bai Junyu , Hu Feng , Wang Li
This study focuses on the preparation of the CexMg2-xNi hydrogen storage alloy (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) through the method of vacuum induction melting. The research examined the influence of varying Ce concentrations on the characteristics of the Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy. The phase structure and microstructure of the synthesized alloys were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of samples subjected to various environmental conditions were assessed using a PCT tester. Additionally, DSC curves for samples heated at rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 15 K/min, and 20 K/min were obtained through TG. The results indicated that the CeMgNi4 phase, which arises from the partial substitution of Mg with Ce, did not engage in the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, leading to a reduction in hydrogen storage capacity to a certain extent. Nevertheless, The enhancement of the overall hydrogen storage performance of the CeMgNi hydrogen storage alloy was significantly correlated with the increased content of the CeMgNi4 phase.
{"title":"Effect of rare earth hydrides on hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of CeMgNi hydrogen storage alloy","authors":"Zhu Jiaqi , Xu Jin , Li Ruihan , Yang Yifei , Bai Junyu , Hu Feng , Wang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the preparation of the CexMg<sub>2-x</sub>Ni hydrogen storage alloy (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) through the method of vacuum induction melting. The research examined the influence of varying Ce concentrations on the characteristics of the Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni hydrogen storage alloy. The phase structure and microstructure of the synthesized alloys were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of samples subjected to various environmental conditions were assessed using a PCT tester. Additionally, DSC curves for samples heated at rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 15 K/min, and 20 K/min were obtained through TG. The results indicated that the CeMgNi<sub>4</sub> phase, which arises from the partial substitution of Mg with Ce, did not engage in the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, leading to a reduction in hydrogen storage capacity to a certain extent. Nevertheless, The enhancement of the overall hydrogen storage performance of the CeMgNi hydrogen storage alloy was significantly correlated with the increased content of the CeMgNi<sub>4</sub> phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"130 ","pages":"Pages 17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106132
Maryam Fazlollahi Mohammadi , Brian Tobin , Andrew Kulmatiski , Seyed Gholamali Jalali , Yahya Kooch
Hyrcanian forests are recognized by UNESCO World Heritage for their ecological importance related to their relic and rich endemic species. The goal of this study was to provide a baseline understanding of earthworm, nematode, and millipede abundance with regard to soil physicochemical properties and topography. Samples were collected from three soil depths, in five slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, foot slope, and toe slope) in each of three concave and three convex catenas. Organic matter (OM), organic C and N, pH, bulk density, particle size distribution, available P, K, Ca, the number and biomass of earthworms, nematodes, and millipedes were measured. Most soil properties (clay (P value = 3.61*), Ca (P value = 9.81*), K (P value = 10.07**), P (P value = 4.23*), and OM (P value = 3.76*)) were greater in downslope positions, however, pH (P value = 7.38**), C/N (P value = 9.81**), and bulk density (P value = 2.83*) showed the opposite pattern. Earthworm, nematode, millipede numbers and biomass were greater in concave catenas, toe slopes, and in shallow rather than deep soil samples. A regression tree analysis of soil OM successfully classified 85% of samples with variable importance decreasing from soil sample depth to slope position to catena shape. Results provide important baseline data, a simple model of soil traits, and a suggested approach for continued surveying of soils in this ecosystem which is susceptible to rapid changes due to climate change and human management.
{"title":"Topographic patterns of soil traits and macro fauna in oriental beech forests in Iran","authors":"Maryam Fazlollahi Mohammadi , Brian Tobin , Andrew Kulmatiski , Seyed Gholamali Jalali , Yahya Kooch","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyrcanian forests are recognized by UNESCO World Heritage for their ecological importance related to their relic and rich endemic species. The goal of this study was to provide a baseline understanding of earthworm, nematode, and millipede abundance with regard to soil physicochemical properties and topography. Samples were collected from three soil depths, in five slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, foot slope, and toe slope) in each of three concave and three convex catenas. Organic matter (OM), organic C and N, pH, bulk density, particle size distribution, available P, K, Ca, the number and biomass of earthworms, nematodes, and millipedes were measured. Most soil properties (clay (<em>P value</em> = 3.61*), Ca (<em>P value</em> = 9.81*), K (<em>P value</em> = 10.07**), P (<em>P value</em> = 4.23*), and OM (<em>P value</em> = 3.76*)) were greater in downslope positions, however, pH (<em>P value</em> = 7.38**), C/N (<em>P value</em> = 9.81**), and bulk density (<em>P value</em> = 2.83*) showed the opposite pattern. Earthworm, nematode, millipede numbers and biomass were greater in concave catenas, toe slopes, and in shallow rather than deep soil samples. A regression tree analysis of soil OM successfully classified 85% of samples with variable importance decreasing from soil sample depth to slope position to <em>catena</em> shape. Results provide important baseline data, a simple model of soil traits, and a suggested approach for continued surveying of soils in this ecosystem which is susceptible to rapid changes due to climate change and human management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216684
Charlène Esmieu , Sarah Hostachy , Christelle Hureau
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for numerous biological processes, including energy production, aerobic respiration, and antioxidant defense. Despite its importance, disruptions in Cu homeostasis can lead to severe pathological conditions, such as Wilson's disease (WD), Menkes disease (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cancer. The present review focuses on the role of Cu(I) probes and chelators as molecular tools for understanding and managing copper-related toxicity and misregulation. It provides an overview of Cu(I) coordination chemistry, trafficking pathways, and the dual toxicity mechanisms of Cu (both ROS-dependent and ROS-independent). Key experimental approaches to study Cu(I), including chromophoric and fluorescent probes, are highlighted, with a focus on their design, applications, and limitations. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Cu(I)-targeting ligands is discussed, showcasing their role in fighting oxidative stress and restoring metal homeostasis in diseases. Hence, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on Cu(I) chelation's role in advancing both fundamental understanding and therapeutic strategies against copper-related disorders.
{"title":"Cu(I) chelators: Useful tools to reveal and control Cu(I) homeostasis and toxicity","authors":"Charlène Esmieu , Sarah Hostachy , Christelle Hureau","doi":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for numerous biological processes, including energy production, aerobic respiration, and antioxidant defense. Despite its importance, disruptions in Cu homeostasis can lead to severe pathological conditions, such as Wilson's disease (WD), Menkes disease (MD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cancer. The present review focuses on the role of Cu(I) probes and chelators as molecular tools for understanding and managing copper-related toxicity and misregulation. It provides an overview of Cu(I) coordination chemistry, trafficking pathways, and the dual toxicity mechanisms of Cu (both ROS-dependent and ROS-independent). Key experimental approaches to study Cu(I), including chromophoric and fluorescent probes, are highlighted, with a focus on their design, applications, and limitations. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Cu(I)-targeting ligands is discussed, showcasing their role in fighting oxidative stress and restoring metal homeostasis in diseases. Hence, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on Cu(I) chelation's role in advancing both fundamental understanding and therapeutic strategies against copper-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":289,"journal":{"name":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews","volume":"539 ","pages":"Article 216684"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141379
Youssef El Moussi , Laurent Clerc , Jean-Charles Benezet
The utilization of agricultural wastes in the construction sector has experienced impressive expansion due to the growing awareness of climate change. These materials provide a fascinating solution to reduce the energy demand and consequential carbon emissions, thanks to their attractive thermal, hygroscopic and environmental properties. In this context, the present study examines the impact of the characteristics of rice straw particles on the mechanical, hygric and thermal properties of straw concretes. The characterization of the concretes is mainly based on measurements of thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability, moisture buffering capacity, and mechanical properties. Several formulations are defined and tested by varying the type of straw particles and their sampling area on the stem. First, the impact of grinding process of rice straw on concretes incorporating these particles was evaluated. A comparison was made between concretes containing cut particles in the longitudinal direction with a tubular shape with concretes containing milled particles (flatter shape) of similar length. Then, the dependence of the physical and chemical properties of straw particles on their shape and sampling area on the stem is identified. The results showed that the properties of concretes are highly dependent on the shape and sampling area of straw particles. The dependence of the mechanical, thermal and hygric performances of concretes on the particles shape appears to be the most relevant parameter, while the variation in concrete performances based on sampling area is limited. Additionally, the results show that cut particles induce lighter and porous concretes compared to milled particles, leading to an attractive thermal conductivity, moisture buffering capacity and water vapor permeability, while decreasing the mechanical properties of concretes. It is also highlighted that particles extracted from the bottom of the stem exhibit excellent hygric properties, higher deformation capacity and lower thermal conductivity than particles from the top of the stem.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the influence of rice straw characteristics on the hygric, thermal and mechanical properties of straw-lime concretes","authors":"Youssef El Moussi , Laurent Clerc , Jean-Charles Benezet","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of agricultural wastes in the construction sector has experienced impressive expansion due to the growing awareness of climate change. These materials provide a fascinating solution to reduce the energy demand and consequential carbon emissions, thanks to their attractive thermal, hygroscopic and environmental properties. In this context, the present study examines the impact of the characteristics of rice straw particles on the mechanical, hygric and thermal properties of straw concretes. The characterization of the concretes is mainly based on measurements of thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability, moisture buffering capacity, and mechanical properties. Several formulations are defined and tested by varying the type of straw particles and their sampling area on the stem. First, the impact of grinding process of rice straw on concretes incorporating these particles was evaluated. A comparison was made between concretes containing cut particles in the longitudinal direction with a tubular shape with concretes containing milled particles (flatter shape) of similar length. Then, the dependence of the physical and chemical properties of straw particles on their shape and sampling area on the stem is identified. The results showed that the properties of concretes are highly dependent on the shape and sampling area of straw particles. The dependence of the mechanical, thermal and hygric performances of concretes on the particles shape appears to be the most relevant parameter, while the variation in concrete performances based on sampling area is limited. Additionally, the results show that cut particles induce lighter and porous concretes compared to milled particles, leading to an attractive thermal conductivity, moisture buffering capacity and water vapor permeability, while decreasing the mechanical properties of concretes. It is also highlighted that particles extracted from the bottom of the stem exhibit excellent hygric properties, higher deformation capacity and lower thermal conductivity than particles from the top of the stem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 141379"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125477
Sweta Singh , Ankan Chakraborty , Ravi Ranjan , Subhankar Karmakar
Coastal regions are densely populated and economically vital but highly exposed to multiple hazard drivers, including cyclones, storm surges, high tides, and intense rainfall. The IPCC AR6 (2021) emphasizes the need to assess coastal hazards as multi-driver compound hazard events. India, with its extensive coastline of ∼11,098 km, is particularly prone to these drivers, necessitating a comprehensive multi-driver coastal flood hazard assessment. This study adopts an indicator-based approach employing Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with three objective weight estimation methods: equal weighting, statistical entropy-based weighting, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based weighting, to comprehensively assess coastal flood hazard across India's coastal districts. The key indicators of coastal flood hazard include the total number of cyclones, probable maximum storm surge, probable maximum wind speed, maximum tidal range, and extreme precipitation exceedance probability. Methodological comparisons reveal that entropy-based weighting emphasizes cyclone frequency due to high data dispersion, while PCA-based weighting provides a balanced assessment by capturing overall variance across indicators. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS reflects a more optimistic hazard scenario, whereas the PCA-weighted TOPSIS offers a more conservative perspective. Our findings indicate that North-eastern and North-western coastal districts are highly hazard-prone. Coastal districts in Odisha and West Bengal consistently exhibit high hazard levels across all decades studied, while Kerala and Tamil Nadu generally show low hazard levels. Extreme rainfall and high tides predominantly drive high hazard levels in Gujarat and Maharashtra, whereas frequent cyclones are the primary hazard drivers along the Bay of Bengal coast. These findings provide a scientific basis for region-specific flood mitigation strategies, guiding policymakers in optimizing resource allocation for enhancing coastal resilience.
{"title":"Multivariate indicator-based flood hazard mapping using primary drivers of coastal flood for India","authors":"Sweta Singh , Ankan Chakraborty , Ravi Ranjan , Subhankar Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal regions are densely populated and economically vital but highly exposed to multiple hazard drivers, including cyclones, storm surges, high tides, and intense rainfall. The IPCC AR6 (2021) emphasizes the need to assess coastal hazards as multi-driver compound hazard events. India, with its extensive coastline of ∼11,098 km, is particularly prone to these drivers, necessitating a comprehensive multi-driver coastal flood hazard assessment. This study adopts an indicator-based approach employing Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with three objective weight estimation methods: equal weighting, statistical entropy-based weighting, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based weighting, to comprehensively assess coastal flood hazard across India's coastal districts. The key indicators of coastal flood hazard include the total number of cyclones, probable maximum storm surge, probable maximum wind speed, maximum tidal range, and extreme precipitation exceedance probability. Methodological comparisons reveal that entropy-based weighting emphasizes cyclone frequency due to high data dispersion, while PCA-based weighting provides a balanced assessment by capturing overall variance across indicators. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS reflects a more optimistic hazard scenario, whereas the PCA-weighted TOPSIS offers a more conservative perspective. Our findings indicate that North-eastern and North-western coastal districts are highly hazard-prone. Coastal districts in Odisha and West Bengal consistently exhibit high hazard levels across all decades studied, while Kerala and Tamil Nadu generally show low hazard levels. Extreme rainfall and high tides predominantly drive high hazard levels in Gujarat and Maharashtra, whereas frequent cyclones are the primary hazard drivers along the Bay of Bengal coast. These findings provide a scientific basis for region-specific flood mitigation strategies, guiding policymakers in optimizing resource allocation for enhancing coastal resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 125477"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118189
Yinjun Fan , Xinyi Dong , Dan Yang , Yu Qin , Xueping Hu , Hongxu Zhou
Bactrocera dorsalis, a highly destructive and invasive fruit pest, has spread from the south to the north, significantly increasing the risk to agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Currently, chemical insecticides remain the primary method of controlling B. dorsalis. Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide, has become the main alternative in China following the 2008 ban on five highly toxic organophosphates. However, the current status of resistance and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. The study monitored the resistance levels of five field populations in China, revealing moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (resistance ratios 7.57–17.06-fold). Six mutations (I214V, G420A, G488S, Q643R, H645L and T659A) in the target acetylcholinesterase 2 (AChE2) of chlorpyrifos were firstly identified, with high heterogeneity among field populations. This significant association were found between the G420A mutation frequency and chlorpyrifos resistance, evidence in both the individual survival rates and the population resistance levels. In vitro expression of ten AChE2 variation showed G420A conferred greater reduced sensitivity to chlopyrifos than other mutations, while H645L and T659A combined with Q643R increased sensitivity. Most variants retained substantial substrate hydrolysis activity. We compared twelve mutations in AChE2 reported in insects and discussed their implications. These provides critical insights into B. dorsalis control strategies and the development of more effective insecticides targeting AChE2 in insects.
{"title":"New mutations of acetylcholinesterase in Bactrocera dorsalis populations across southern China and impact on resistance to organophosphate","authors":"Yinjun Fan , Xinyi Dong , Dan Yang , Yu Qin , Xueping Hu , Hongxu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>, a highly destructive and invasive fruit pest, has spread from the south to the north, significantly increasing the risk to agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Currently, chemical insecticides remain the primary method of controlling <em>B. dorsalis</em>. Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide, has become the main alternative in China following the 2008 ban on five highly toxic organophosphates. However, the current status of resistance and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. The study monitored the resistance levels of five field populations in China, revealing moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (resistance ratios 7.57–17.06-fold). Six mutations (I214V, G420A, G488S, Q643R, H645L and T659A) in the target acetylcholinesterase 2 (AChE2) of chlorpyrifos were firstly identified, with high heterogeneity among field populations. This significant association were found between the G420A mutation frequency and chlorpyrifos resistance, evidence in both the individual survival rates and the population resistance levels. In vitro expression of ten AChE2 variation showed G420A conferred greater reduced sensitivity to chlopyrifos than other mutations, while H645L and T659A combined with Q643R increased sensitivity. Most variants retained substantial substrate hydrolysis activity. We compared twelve mutations in AChE2 reported in insects and discussed their implications. These provides critical insights into <em>B. dorsalis</em> control strategies and the development of more effective insecticides targeting AChE2 in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 118189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125893
Matteo Meli , Zezhou Wang , Stefan Sterlepper , Mario Picerno , Stefan Pischinger
This paper presents an efficient pre-calibration method for combustion engine controls. In particular, it focuses on the initial shaping of multiple Lookup Tables (LUTs) within LUT-based Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) engine control systems. The approach addresses the increasing complexity of engine software, the rising number of calibration variables, and the time pressures prevalent in automotive development. Employing a white-box Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) optimization reduces the demands on hardware reliance and optimization time compared to conventional engine calibration techniques. The white-box model enables the pre-calibration of LUTs using known system inputs, expected system outputs, and the control system model structure. To optimize the white-box control system model, LUTs are parametrized through Rational Bézier Regression (RBR), facilitating Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) for optimization. RBR, which includes both Rational Bézier Curve Regression (RBCR) and Rational Bézier Surface Regression (RBSR), allows for flexible and smooth shaping of 1D and 2D LUTs with a unified and few number of parameters. The pre-calibration process is further improved using historical calibration data from various vehicle variants stored in a relational database. This ensures that the final outputs of the LUT-based MISO control system closely approximate the expected target outputs with high shape similarity. The proposed method is exemplified using an oil temperature control model from a state-of-the-art hybrid powertrain with an internal combustion engine. The results demonstrate Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCCs) exceeding 0.8 between target and pre-calibrated LUTs, indicative of high shape similarity. Additionally, the system outputs of pre-calibrated control system models closely match expected system outputs with an value of . This underscores the practical applicability of the proposed pre-calibration method for internal combustion engine controls.
{"title":"Data-driven parametric optimization for pre-calibration of internal combustion engine controls","authors":"Matteo Meli , Zezhou Wang , Stefan Sterlepper , Mario Picerno , Stefan Pischinger","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an efficient pre-calibration method for combustion engine controls. In particular, it focuses on the initial shaping of multiple Lookup Tables (LUTs) within LUT-based Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) engine control systems. The approach addresses the increasing complexity of engine software, the rising number of calibration variables, and the time pressures prevalent in automotive development. Employing a white-box Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) optimization reduces the demands on hardware reliance and optimization time compared to conventional engine calibration techniques. The white-box model enables the pre-calibration of LUTs using known system inputs, expected system outputs, and the control system model structure. To optimize the white-box control system model, LUTs are parametrized through Rational Bézier Regression (RBR), facilitating Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) for optimization. RBR, which includes both Rational Bézier Curve Regression (RBCR) and Rational Bézier Surface Regression (RBSR), allows for flexible and smooth shaping of 1D and 2D LUTs with a unified and few number of parameters. The pre-calibration process is further improved using historical calibration data from various vehicle variants stored in a relational database. This ensures that the final outputs of the LUT-based MISO control system closely approximate the expected target outputs with high shape similarity. The proposed method is exemplified using an oil temperature control model from a state-of-the-art hybrid powertrain with an internal combustion engine. The results demonstrate Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCCs) exceeding 0.8 between target and pre-calibrated LUTs, indicative of high shape similarity. Additionally, the system outputs of pre-calibrated control system models closely match expected system outputs with an <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> value of <span><math><mn>0.9385</mn></math></span>. This underscores the practical applicability of the proposed pre-calibration method for internal combustion engine controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 125893"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104088
Ekaterina Tarasova
The concept of energy democracy has become a prominent concept for analyzing political power shifts in the energy sector. While conceptualizations of energy democracy often incorporate ideas about social inclusion, inclusion is rarely defined and problematized in these conceptualizations. Limited discussion of what inclusion may mean in energy democracy literature can have a direct effect on how inclusion is operationalized in empirical investigations of energy democracy. The paper first argues that it is crucial to explicitly discuss what ideas of inclusion are embedded in conceptualizations of energy democracy. It then suggests that social inclusion can be operationalized as formal and internal inclusion in energy democracy research, following the theory of deliberative democracy developed by Iris Marion Young. It is also recognized that are other ways for conceptualizing inclusion in energy democracy. The case of empowerment of users in smart grids is discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the focus on two levels of inclusion in empirical studies of energy democracy.
{"title":"Rethinking energy democracy with greater focus on social inclusion","authors":"Ekaterina Tarasova","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of energy democracy has become a prominent concept for analyzing political power shifts in the energy sector. While conceptualizations of energy democracy often incorporate ideas about social inclusion, inclusion is rarely defined and problematized in these conceptualizations. Limited discussion of what inclusion may mean in energy democracy literature can have a direct effect on how inclusion is operationalized in empirical investigations of energy democracy. The paper first argues that it is crucial to explicitly discuss what ideas of inclusion are embedded in conceptualizations of energy democracy. It then suggests that social inclusion can be operationalized as formal and internal inclusion in energy democracy research, following the theory of deliberative democracy developed by Iris Marion Young. It is also recognized that are other ways for conceptualizing inclusion in energy democracy. The case of empowerment of users in smart grids is discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the focus on two levels of inclusion in empirical studies of energy democracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2025.101686
Kein Boon Poon MD, MSc, FAMS, Justin Zi Xian Chou MBBS, Zachariah Gene Wing Ow MBBS, Joel Wei-An Lim MBBS, MRCS, MMed, FRCSEd, FAMS, Wei Ming Siow BSc, MBBS, M Med, FRCSEd, FAMS
The low mini-midvastus approach is a refinement of minimally invasive techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This technique involves making a precise muscle-splitting incision along the vastus medialis obliquus, retaining a 1-cm wide inferomedial cuff of the muscle belly, preserving the extensor mechanism while maintaining sufficient surgical exposure. We hypothesize that the low mini-midvastus approach minimizes postoperative pain, accelerates recovery, and enhances patient satisfaction by optimizing vastus medialis obliquus integrity. It is suitable for primary TKA and adaptable to challenging anatomical variations. In this study, we describe our surgical technique and experience with such an approach for conventional primary TKA that represents a refinement of the midvastus spectrum that prioritizes muscle preservation while maintaining adequate exposure.
{"title":"The Low Mini-Midvastus Approach for Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty","authors":"Kein Boon Poon MD, MSc, FAMS, Justin Zi Xian Chou MBBS, Zachariah Gene Wing Ow MBBS, Joel Wei-An Lim MBBS, MRCS, MMed, FRCSEd, FAMS, Wei Ming Siow BSc, MBBS, M Med, FRCSEd, FAMS","doi":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artd.2025.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low mini-midvastus approach is a refinement of minimally invasive techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This technique involves making a precise muscle-splitting incision along the vastus medialis obliquus, retaining a 1-cm wide inferomedial cuff of the muscle belly, preserving the extensor mechanism while maintaining sufficient surgical exposure. We hypothesize that the low mini-midvastus approach minimizes postoperative pain, accelerates recovery, and enhances patient satisfaction by optimizing vastus medialis obliquus integrity. It is suitable for primary TKA and adaptable to challenging anatomical variations. In this study, we describe our surgical technique and experience with such an approach for conventional primary TKA that represents a refinement of the midvastus spectrum that prioritizes muscle preservation while maintaining adequate exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37940,"journal":{"name":"Arthroplasty Today","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.disc.2025.114547
Matt Burnham, Aysel Erey
A maximal matching of a graph G is a matching of G which is not properly contained in any other matching of G. Let be the number of maximal matchings of size k in G. The maximal matching polynomial of G is defined by . It is known that maximal matching polynomials generalize the well-known matching polynomials, as the matching polynomial of every graph can be obtained from the maximal matching polynomial of some other graph. While the roots of matching polynomials have been extensively studied and well understood, the study of the roots of maximal matching polynomials has not been developed. In this article, we study the location of the roots of these polynomials. We show that maximal matching polynomials of paths and cycles have only real roots, and provide interlacing relations for their roots. On the other hand, unlike matching polynomials, maximal matching polynomials can have non-real roots, and we provide an infinite family of graphs whose maximal matching polynomials have non-real roots.
让 mk(G) 表示 G 中大小为 k 的最大匹配数。G 的最大匹配多项式定义为 m(G;x)=∑kmk(G)xk。众所周知，最大匹配多项式概括了众所周知的匹配多项式，因为每个图的匹配多项式都可以从另一些图的最大匹配多项式得到。虽然匹配多项式的根已经得到了广泛的研究和很好的理解，但对最大匹配多项式的根的研究还没有发展起来。在本文中，我们将研究这些多项式根的位置。我们证明了路径和循环的最大匹配多项式只有实数根，并为它们的根提供了交错关系。另一方面，与匹配多项式不同，最大匹配多项式可以有非实根，我们提供了最大匹配多项式有非实根的无限图族。
{"title":"On the roots of maximal matching polynomials","authors":"Matt Burnham, Aysel Erey","doi":"10.1016/j.disc.2025.114547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.disc.2025.114547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A <em>maximal matching</em> of a graph <em>G</em> is a matching of <em>G</em> which is not properly contained in any other matching of <em>G</em>. Let <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> be the number of maximal matchings of size <em>k</em> in <em>G</em>. The <em>maximal matching polynomial</em> of <em>G</em> is defined by <span><math><mi>m</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>∑</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. It is known that maximal matching polynomials generalize the well-known matching polynomials, as the matching polynomial of every graph can be obtained from the maximal matching polynomial of some other graph. While the roots of matching polynomials have been extensively studied and well understood, the study of the roots of maximal matching polynomials has not been developed. In this article, we study the location of the roots of these polynomials. We show that maximal matching polynomials of paths and cycles have only real roots, and provide interlacing relations for their roots. On the other hand, unlike matching polynomials, maximal matching polynomials can have non-real roots, and we provide an infinite family of graphs whose maximal matching polynomials have non-real roots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50572,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Mathematics","volume":"348 9","pages":"Article 114547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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