In this work, a biomass-based multigeneration energy system that simultaneously generates electricity, cooling, and hydrogen is developed and optimized. The suggested setup combines a proton exchange membrane for electrolysis, thermoelectric generators, an externally fired gas turbine, and a downdraft gasifier. Both experimental and published data are used to validate a steady-state model, and thorough parametric, sensitivity, and multi-objective optimization analyses are carried out. The air-side compression ratio and gas turbine inlet temperature have the largest effects on system behavior, according to the one- and two-variable studies. The net power output increases by 62% and the energy efficiency increases from 23.26% to 33.94% when the gas turbine's inlet temperature is raised from 1100 K to 1450 K. By achieving a balanced design, the NSGA-II and TOPSIS optimization framework reduces the levelized cost to 0.0973 $/kWh, shortens the payback period to 4.788 years, and increases energy efficiency to 37.04%. Additionally, the optimized configuration increases total profit to 95.16 M$ and reduces carbon emissions by 11.5%. According to exergy analysis, the primary sources of irreversibility are the combustion chamber and gasifier.
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