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This study investigated trends in psychological distress and mental health service use in Japan before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using nationally representative data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (2013-2022). Psychological distress was assessed using the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 Scale, with scores of 5-12 indicating moderate distress and scores of ≥13 indicating high distress. Mental health service use was defined as regular visits to hospitals or clinics for depression or other psychological disorders. Analysis of data from 1,765,102 participants revealed that while the prevalence of moderate distress decreased from 24.9 % in 2019 to 21.8 % in 2022, the prevalence of high distress increased from 4.7 % to 5.0 % over the same period. Notably, increases in high distress were most prominent among aged 35-49 population. Cross-sectionally, women aged 26-34 showed highest prevalence of high distress (7.6 %). Additionally, mental health service use rose markedly, especially among young adults with high distress, with women consistently reporting higher distress and service utilization than men. These findings suggest a polarization in psychological distress in Japan, with a decline in moderate symptoms concurrent with a rise in severe distress, highlighting emerging gaps in mental health care. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions and the expansion of accessible, diverse mental health services to address unmet needs, particularly among vulnerable subgroups including young women and middle-aged population.

Background: Obesity, considered a worldwide epidemic, generate great interest to the scientific community due to its impact on public health. Particularly in children because of their vulnerability. In view of the bidirectional relationship between obesity and neurodevelopmental aspects, this study aims to evaluate the effect of excess weight on cognitive and behavioural development.

Methods: A total of 130 Spanish children (3 to 12 years) were included. Cognitive function and behaviour were assessed using the validated Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V (WISC-V) and Behaviour Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC-3) tests, respectively. Individuals were classified into groups according to body mass index (BMI) (normal weight and overweight/obesity). Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to address the influence of excess weight on cognitive-behavioural functioning.

Results: The results showed that infants who had overweight/obesity were more likely to have lower scores on the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ: OR adjusted = 3.81, p = 0.006), verbal comprehension (VCI: OR adjusted = 2.57, p = 0.045), fluid reasoning (FRI: OR adjusted = 2.79, p value = 0.030) and working memory index (WMI: OR adjusted = 3.59, p = 0.008). No statistically significant results were found between excess weight and behavioural outcomes after adjustment for confounding factors. Secondly, Spearman's correlation analyses revealed a set of inverse correlations between cognitive ability and various behavioural and emotional problems, especially in cases group.

Conclusions: In conclusion, excess weight may be negatively associated with a worse cognitive performance. Further, poorer cognitive function may lead to greater vulnerability to neurobehavioral disturbances in children with excess weight. These results underscore the need of further investigation.

Directly integrating solar energy into zinc-air batteries (ZABs) systems represents an eco-friendly, efficient and low-cost strategy, yet the rational design of photo-enhanced ZABs for high-performance solar energy utilization continues to pose a significant scientific challenge. Herein, the FeNC-C₃N₄ photo-electrocatalyst with Schottky heterojunction is fabricated through a facile "ball-milling and spray-coating" approach, which effectively integrates FeNC with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄). Among them, g-C₃N₄ functions as a photoactive catalytic material, whereas FeNC serves as an efficient electroactive layer that promotes interfacial electron transfer from g-C₃N₄ under illumination, thereby improving the spatial separation of photogenerated carriers and extending their lifetime. Remarkably, in comparison with FeNC-based ZABs (370.53 mWcm^-2 and 228 h), FeNC-C₃N₄-based ZABs demonstrate a record-high power density of 540.58 mW cm^-2 under illumination, along with stable charge-discharge cycling over 1028 h at 10 mA cm^-2, representing the highest performance reported to date for photo-enhanced ZABs (PZABs). More importantly, when operated at 10 mA cm^-2 under illumination, the g-C₃N₄-modified FeNC-C₃N₄-based PZABs achieve a significantly reduced charging voltage of ∼1.94 V, in stark contrast to the conventional FeNC-based ZABs (∼2.09 V), corresponding to a notable voltage reduction of ∼0.15 V. This work offers a straightforward strategy for developing photo-enhanced ZABs that efficiently harness solar energy to reduce the charging voltage of conventional ZABs.

Objective: This study investigated the association between multiple NDDs and the prevalence and severity of current depression and anxiety among children aged 3-17 years.

Methods: We analyzed parent- or caregiver-reported data from 2016 to 2023 US National Survey of Children's Health. Children aged 3-17 years were included. We considered a broader spectrum of NDDs by including behavioral problems and grouped children based on the number of NDDs (out of ten): no multiple NDDs (none or one NDD), two NDDs, three NDDs, four NDDs, and five or more NDDs. Four mental health outcomes were measured: depression (yes/no), anxiety (yes/no), depression severity (mild/moderate/severe), and anxiety severity (mild/moderate/severe). Multinomial logistic regression models were used.

Results: Among 267,044 children (mean age = 10.2 years; male = 51.8 %), 10.6 % had multiple NDDs. The increasing number of co-occurring NDDs was associated with higher odds of prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety. Children with multiple NDDs were 4.7-5.3 times more likely to have depression and 5.8-12.9 times more likely to have anxiety compared with those without multiple NDDs. These positive associations remained consistent for mild or moderate depression (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 5.0-5.6) and for mild or moderate anxiety (adjusted ORs: 5.6-8.9). The associations were more pronounced for severe mental health conditions, with children being 7.8-16.9 times more likely to experience severe depression and 8.1-34.9 times more likely to experience severe anxiety.

Conclusions: The cumulative mental health burden associated with multiple NDDs emphasizes the need for integrated screening and tailored interventions to support this population.

Polymer dielectrics have attracted substantial attention for their extensive applications in advanced electronic power systems. However, their practical implementation is substantially hindered by the drastic deterioration in breakdown strength and energy storage capabilities at elevated temperatures. Herein, corrugated alumina (Al₂O₃) nanosheets anchored with uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are fabricated via a sequential bimetallic ion exchange method using polyimide (PI) film as the sacrificing template. The AgNPs and Al₂O₃ nanosheets (AONSs) are in-situ formed on the molecular chain of PI in one step, which not only avoids the aggregation of AgNPs but also ensures the high purity of the AgNPs@AONSs. Benefiting from the excellent high-temperature insulating properties of Al₂O₃ and the Coulomb blockade effect of AgNPs, when the AgNPs@AONSs are incorporated into polymer dielectrics, they can act as powerful charge transport buffer strips and improve the breakdown strength. The polyetherimide film filled with merely 0.1 wt% AgNPs@AONSs shows ultra-high energy densities of 10.22 J cm^-3 at 150 °C with 90 % efficiency and 7.49 J cm^-3 at 200 °C with 80 % efficiency, which are 542 % and 226 % that of the pristine polyetherimide, respectively. The excellent high-temperature performances of the composite films make them promising candidates for high-temperature pulsed power systems.

Aqueous batteries have become a prospective future energy storage system because of their low coefficient of cost and stability. However, their lower energy density limits their applications. Ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) have a small hydration radius and light molar mass, and aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AAIBs) are anticipated for solving the inherent low-energy density problem of aqueous batteries. Exploring highly performing storage materials for aqueous ammonium ion batteries continues to be a research hotspot in recent years. Here, we propose a strategy to regulate the tunneling vanadium oxide' structure (VOM) based on the electron-mediated orbital-energy level synergistic strategy of the high-spin 3d transition metal (Mn) to assist AAIBs to achieve high energy density. The VOM has a capacity of up to 270 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g^-1, and the battery system containing poly(ammonium benzene) (PANI) (named VOM//PANI) has an energy density of up to 63.5 Wh kg^-1. At the same time, we demonstrate the chemical energy storage mechanism of hydrogen bonding and the kinetics of interfacial chemical reactions in VOM based on a series of ex-situ or in-situ tests. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments demonstrate that the introduction of high-spin transition metals can directionally regulate and optimize the electronic structure of V, which helps to achieve efficient NH₄⁺ storage. This work offers novel concepts for the advancement of high-performance AAIBs as energy storage materials, as well as new strategies for the future large-scale grid-level applications of AAIBs.