Pub Date : 2026-10-30Epub Date: 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742885
Jianing Quan , Can Wang , Yunchen Tian
Similar to identifying different human individuals, accurately determining ”who is who” is a critical component in intelligent aquaculture, with broad applications in disease analysis, growth monitoring, and other aspects. The accuracy of fish Re-Identification (ReID) has greatly improved currently, yet challenges remain in distinguishing the same species, such as low precision and ID switching. Inspired by the multimodal large models, we propose a Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining model for Accurate Fish Individual fine-grained Re-identification (CLIP-AFIR). Based on the cross-modal contrastive learning, a set of trainable text tokens is introduced to represent different individuals, combined with the proposed Prompt Learner Module (PLM). The text and image encoders are trained through the two-stage paradigm, which enhances the adaptability in fish recognition. To improve the ability to discriminate subtle individual differences, a lightweight Fine-grained Feature Enhancement Module (FFEM) is further designed. By using shifted windows with overlapping regions to compute mask self-attention on local areas of the image, it enables effective representation of fine-grained local variations. On the constructed grouper dataset, the proposed CLIP-AFIR shows a significant improvement in the evaluations. Applied to the non-continuous fish individual recognition task, CLIP-AFIR achieves an accuracy of 98.6%, surpassing the state-of-the-art by 5.4 points.
{"title":"CLIP-AFIR: A Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining Model for Accurate Fish Individual Fine-grained Re-identification","authors":"Jianing Quan , Can Wang , Yunchen Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Similar to identifying different human individuals, accurately determining ”who is who” is a critical component in intelligent aquaculture, with broad applications in disease analysis, growth monitoring, and other aspects. The accuracy of fish Re-Identification (ReID) has greatly improved currently, yet challenges remain in distinguishing the same species, such as low precision and ID switching. Inspired by the multimodal large models, we propose a Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining model for Accurate Fish Individual fine-grained Re-identification (CLIP-AFIR). Based on the cross-modal contrastive learning, a set of trainable text tokens is introduced to represent different individuals, combined with the proposed Prompt Learner Module (PLM). The text and image encoders are trained through the two-stage paradigm, which enhances the adaptability in fish recognition. To improve the ability to discriminate subtle individual differences, a lightweight Fine-grained Feature Enhancement Module (FFEM) is further designed. By using shifted windows with overlapping regions to compute mask self-attention on local areas of the image, it enables effective representation of fine-grained local variations. On the constructed grouper dataset, the proposed CLIP-AFIR shows a significant improvement in the evaluations. Applied to the non-continuous fish individual recognition task, CLIP-AFIR achieves an accuracy of 98.6%, surpassing the state-of-the-art by 5.4 points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-30Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742900
Agus Priyadi , Asep Permana , Bastiar Nur , Sawung Cindelaras , Siti Murniasih , Rendy Ginanjar , Sulasy Rohmy , Lukman , Djamhuriyah S. Said , Muhamad Yamin , Lili Sholichah , Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas , Murdinah , Dorota Katarzyna Fopp-Bayat , Suciyono , Darmawan Setia Budi
Betta channoides is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Indonesia. This study was conducted to establish a methodology for adapting and domesticating B. channoides through breeding and restocking initiatives. Fish were successfully acclimated and bred in captivity in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia, which is significantly distant from its native habitat in East Kalimantan. A total of 100 immature fish (50 males and 50 females) were collected from the wild. The study consisted of three main experiments: (1) evaluation of rearing containers (Styrofoam box, plastic container, and glass aquarium) for 30 days with three replicates using five males and females (maintained separately); water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.5–30.8 °C, 5.2–5.6, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively; (2) gonadal maturation using Moina sp., mosquito larvae (Culex sp.), and bloodworms (Chironomus sp.) for 30 days without replication, using eight males and females in glass aquariums with water quality of 27.9–30.8 °C, 5.3–5.7, and 0.004 mg/L; and (3) breeding of 12 male–female pairs. A glass aquarium was the most suitable rearing container for inducing minimal stress, as indicated by the lowest blood glucose levels recorded. Chironomus sp. larvae served as the optimal nutrition source for maturation, resulting in enhanced weight gain and the highest number of mature fish. The number of larvae produced was 30.67 ± 9.23 individuals per spawning. After the yolk absorption period of 7 days, the larvae were fed for the first time. This study provides essential data on the reproduction and early development of B. channoides to support conservation aquaculture strategies.
{"title":"Adaptation and domestication of endangered wild betta fish (Betta channoides) originating from East Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Agus Priyadi , Asep Permana , Bastiar Nur , Sawung Cindelaras , Siti Murniasih , Rendy Ginanjar , Sulasy Rohmy , Lukman , Djamhuriyah S. Said , Muhamad Yamin , Lili Sholichah , Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas , Murdinah , Dorota Katarzyna Fopp-Bayat , Suciyono , Darmawan Setia Budi","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Betta channoides</em> is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Indonesia. This study was conducted to establish a methodology for adapting and domesticating <em>B. channoides</em> through breeding and restocking initiatives. Fish were successfully acclimated and bred in captivity in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia, which is significantly distant from its native habitat in East Kalimantan. A total of 100 immature fish (50 males and 50 females) were collected from the wild. The study consisted of three main experiments: (1) evaluation of rearing containers (Styrofoam box, plastic container, and glass aquarium) for 30 days with three replicates using five males and females (maintained separately); water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.5–30.8 °C, 5.2–5.6, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively; (2) gonadal maturation using <em>Moina</em> sp., mosquito larvae (<em>Culex</em> sp.), and bloodworms (<em>Chironomus</em> sp.) for 30 days without replication, using eight males and females in glass aquariums with water quality of 27.9–30.8 °C, 5.3–5.7, and 0.004 mg/L; and (3) breeding of 12 male–female pairs. A glass aquarium was the most suitable rearing container for inducing minimal stress, as indicated by the lowest blood glucose levels recorded. <em>Chironomus</em> sp. larvae served as the optimal nutrition source for maturation, resulting in enhanced weight gain and the highest number of mature fish. The number of larvae produced was 30.67 ± 9.23 individuals per spawning. After the yolk absorption period of 7 days, the larvae were fed for the first time. This study provides essential data on the reproduction and early development of <em>B. channoides</em> to support conservation aquaculture strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-30Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742897
Jing Wen , Cun Yin , Shisheng Wang, Dan Jiang, Zhiyong Wang, Ming Fang
To investigate the role of the si gene in the utilization of high-carbohydrate diets in fish, we generated a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model with si gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. A homozygous F₂ mutant line with a 119 bp deletion in the si gene was successfully obtained. We evaluate the high-carbohydrate adaptability of zebrafish using growth traits. Under high-glucose dietary conditions, si knockout significantly impaired zebrafish growth. High-glucose tolerance analysis revealed that si−/− mutants exhibited marked glucose utilization dysfunction. Specifically, in diets containing 45 % and 36 % glucose, the body weight of si−/− individuals decreased by 21.9 % (45 % glucose diet) and 34.7 % (36 % glucose diet) compared to wild-type (WT) fish (P < 0.05), respectively; body length decreased by 6.9 % and 21.1 % (P < 0.05); and body height decreased by 9.8 % and 19.3 % (P < 0.05). However, under a high-protein diet based on Artemia (brine shrimp), no significant differences were observed in body weight, length, or height between WT and si−/− fish (P > 0.05). confirming that si gene specifically regulates high-glucose adaptation.
Mechanistic studies demonstrated that si deletion led to: (1) significant intestinal folds shortening (P < 0.0001) and structural disorganization; (2) altered expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism (GO:0006006) and insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling (GO:0048009) in the intestinal transcriptome; and (3) dysregulation of hepatic glycolysis and energy metabolism pathways. These findings reveal a novel tripartite regulatory mechanism—intestinal folds morphology–digestive absorption–metabolic regulation—through which si gene governs glucose utilization in fish.
This study is the first to systematically demonstrate the critical role of the si gene in dietary glucose utilization in zebrafish, highlighting its involvement in maintaining energy homeostasis through modulation of glucose metabolism and digestive function. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for applying gene editing technologies to improve carbohydrate utilization efficiency in aquaculture breeding programs.
{"title":"The effect of the si gene on glucose adaptation ability in fish","authors":"Jing Wen , Cun Yin , Shisheng Wang, Dan Jiang, Zhiyong Wang, Ming Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the role of the <em>si</em> gene in the utilization of high-carbohydrate diets in fish, we generated a zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) model with <em>si</em> gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. A homozygous F₂ mutant line with a 119 bp deletion in the <em>si</em> gene was successfully obtained. We evaluate the high-carbohydrate adaptability of zebrafish using growth traits. Under high-glucose dietary conditions, <em>si</em> knockout significantly impaired zebrafish growth. High-glucose tolerance analysis revealed that <em>si</em><sup>−</sup>/<sup>−</sup> mutants exhibited marked glucose utilization dysfunction. Specifically, in diets containing 45 % and 36 % glucose, the body weight of <em>si</em><sup><em>−</em></sup><em>/</em><sup><em>−</em></sup> individuals decreased by 21.9 % (45 % glucose diet) and 34.7 % (36 % glucose diet) compared to wild-type (WT) fish (<em>P <</em> 0.05), respectively; body length decreased by 6.9 % and 21.1 % (<em>P <</em> 0.05); and body height decreased by 9.8 % and 19.3 % (<em>P <</em> 0.05). However, under a high-protein diet based on Artemia (brine shrimp), no significant differences were observed in body weight, length, or height between WT and <em>si</em><sup><em>−</em></sup><em>/</em><sup><em>−</em></sup> fish (<em>P ></em> 0.05). confirming that <em>si</em> gene specifically regulates high-glucose adaptation.</div><div>Mechanistic studies demonstrated that <em>si</em> deletion led to: (1) significant intestinal folds shortening (<em>P <</em> 0.0001) and structural disorganization; (2) altered expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism (GO:0006006) and insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling (GO:0048009) in the intestinal transcriptome; and (3) dysregulation of hepatic glycolysis and energy metabolism pathways. These findings reveal a novel tripartite regulatory mechanism—intestinal folds morphology–digestive absorption–metabolic regulation—through which <em>si</em> gene governs glucose utilization in fish.</div><div>This study is the first to systematically demonstrate the critical role of the <em>si</em> gene in dietary glucose utilization in zebrafish, highlighting its involvement in maintaining energy homeostasis through modulation of glucose metabolism and digestive function. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for applying gene editing technologies to improve carbohydrate utilization efficiency in aquaculture breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-30Epub Date: 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742910
Martin Worm , Jan Bulla , John Harald Pettersen , Benedikt Frenzl
Parasitic salmon lice are a major challenge for salmonid aquaculture in Norway. The development of resistance against most available medicines has favored the implementation of mechanical treatment alternatives, many of which have negative implications for the health and welfare of farmed fish. Optical delousing is a controlling measure that continuously reduces salmon lice in commercial sea cages. It relies on machine vision and object detection algorithms to detect salmon lice and remove them with a targeted laser pulse on freely swimming fish. Although this technology is increasingly adopted by the farming industry, an empirical investigation of its effects on treatment frequency and salmon lice abundance has so far been lacking from scientific literature. We analyze publicly available data on salmon lice abundance and treatment frequency at individual aquaculture sites complemented with information on the use of optical delousing for the entire Norwegian coast in 2023. Our results show that sites relying on optical delousing exhibit a 50 % lower weekly treatment probability. Similar differences applied for all treatment categories and persisted despite a reduced reliance on cleaner fish and in the absence of any indication of a concomitant increase in salmon lice abundance at these sites.
{"title":"Control of salmon lice through optical delousing in commercial salmonid aquaculture","authors":"Martin Worm , Jan Bulla , John Harald Pettersen , Benedikt Frenzl","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic salmon lice are a major challenge for salmonid aquaculture in Norway. The development of resistance against most available medicines has favored the implementation of mechanical treatment alternatives, many of which have negative implications for the health and welfare of farmed fish. Optical delousing is a controlling measure that continuously reduces salmon lice in commercial sea cages. It relies on machine vision and object detection algorithms to detect salmon lice and remove them with a targeted laser pulse on freely swimming fish. Although this technology is increasingly adopted by the farming industry, an empirical investigation of its effects on treatment frequency and salmon lice abundance has so far been lacking from scientific literature. We analyze publicly available data on salmon lice abundance and treatment frequency at individual aquaculture sites complemented with information on the use of optical delousing for the entire Norwegian coast in 2023. Our results show that sites relying on optical delousing exhibit a 50 % lower weekly treatment probability. Similar differences applied for all treatment categories and persisted despite a reduced reliance on cleaner fish and in the absence of any indication of a concomitant increase in salmon lice abundance at these sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-30Epub Date: 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742902
Xiulan Shi , Xiaoyu Chen , Wenbin Zhu , Jun Guo , Kai Lin , Jianjun Fu , Lanmei Wang , Mingkun Luo , Zaijie Dong
Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) are popular ornamental fish, and their complex mottling and patterning are ideal models for studying the regulatory mechanisms of pigmentation. However, there are few studies addressing the influence of epigenetics, especially DNA methylation on koi coloration and phenotype formation. In this study, we focused on three phenotypes of Kohaku offspring, namely the Rs group (all red-skinned), the Rw group (red-white-skinned) and the Ws group (all white-skinned), each of which underwent DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the genes in the differentially methylated regions and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pathways such as retinol metabolism and melanogenesis. The highest number of DEGs was observed in the Rs and Rw groups, while key genes involved in color differentiation, such as mitf, gch2 and bco1, were hypermethylated and regulated in the Rs group. Vivo experiments also showed that inhibition of methylation led to a significant increase in the expression of genes related to the retinol and pteridine pathway (e.g. pnp4a, gch2 and bco2) in the dorsal skin but not in the ventral skin. The results of in situ hybridization of carotenoid metabolism genes (bco1 and bco2) also suggest that DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of different color phenotypes and coloration in various parts of the body. These findings could deepen the understanding of the dynamic changes in DNA methylation that are crucial for the differentiation and variation of skin color in koi, thus revealing the potential influence of epigenetics on pigmentation.
锦鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. Koi）是一种流行的观赏鱼，其复杂的斑驳和图案是研究色素沉着调节机制的理想模型。然而，很少有研究涉及表观遗传学，特别是DNA甲基化对锦鲤颜色和表型形成的影响。在本研究中，我们重点研究了Kohaku后代的三种表型，即Rs组（全红皮肤）、Rw组（红白皮肤）和Ws组（全白皮肤），并对每一种表型进行了DNA甲基化和转录组测序。综合分析发现，差异甲基化区域的基因和差异表达基因（DEGs）在视黄醇代谢和黑色素生成等途径中显著富集。在Rs组和Rw组中，deg数量最多，而参与颜色分化的关键基因mitf、gch2和bco1在Rs组中被高甲基化和调控。体内实验还表明，甲基化抑制导致背侧皮肤中视黄醇和蝶啶途径相关基因（如pnp4a、gch2和bco2）的表达显著增加，而腹侧皮肤中则没有。类胡萝卜素代谢基因（bco1和bco2）原位杂交的结果也表明，DNA甲基化参与调节身体不同部位的不同颜色表型和颜色。这些发现可以加深对锦鲤皮肤颜色分化和变异的关键DNA甲基化动态变化的理解，从而揭示表观遗传学对色素沉着的潜在影响。
{"title":"Genome-wide methylation and transcriptome analysis in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi): Uncovering novel molecular mechanisms in skin color differentiation and pigmentation","authors":"Xiulan Shi , Xiaoyu Chen , Wenbin Zhu , Jun Guo , Kai Lin , Jianjun Fu , Lanmei Wang , Mingkun Luo , Zaijie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Koi</em> carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> var. <em>koi</em>) are popular ornamental fish, and their complex mottling and patterning are ideal models for studying the regulatory mechanisms of pigmentation. However, there are few studies addressing the influence of epigenetics, especially DNA methylation on <em>koi</em> coloration and phenotype formation. In this study, we focused on three phenotypes of <em>Kohaku</em> offspring, namely the Rs group (all red-skinned), the Rw group (red-white-skinned) and the Ws group (all white-skinned), each of which underwent DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the genes in the differentially methylated regions and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pathways such as retinol metabolism and melanogenesis. The highest number of DEGs was observed in the Rs and Rw groups, while key genes involved in color differentiation, such as <em>mitf, gch</em>2 and <em>bco</em>1, were hypermethylated and regulated in the Rs group. <em>Vivo</em> experiments also showed that inhibition of methylation led to a significant increase in the expression of genes related to the retinol and pteridine pathway (e.g. <em>pnp</em>4<em>a</em>, <em>gch</em>2 and <em>bco</em>2) in the dorsal skin but not in the ventral skin. The results of <em>in situ</em> hybridization of carotenoid metabolism genes (<em>bco</em>1 and <em>bco</em>2) also suggest that DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of different color phenotypes and coloration in various parts of the body. These findings could deepen the understanding of the dynamic changes in DNA methylation that are crucial for the differentiation and variation of skin color in <em>koi</em>, thus revealing the potential influence of epigenetics on pigmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a comprehensive first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of rotationally aligned WSe/MoS van der Waals heterobilayers. By determining the geometries of the three stable stacking registries (AA, AB, and AB) within the Moiré superlattice, we establish their near-degenerate formation energies while providing a foundational structural model for interpreting atomic-scale microscopy. The heterobilayers exhibit a pronounced type-II band alignment with layer-hybridized, direct band gaps tunable between 0.33 and 0.45 eV by stacking order, alongside enhanced spin–orbit splitting (562–600 meV) and reduced hole effective masses. The heterobilayers exhibit a substantial enhancement in stiffness, with their in-plane elastic moduli approximately 1.8–1.9 times greater than those of the individual monolayers. A key finding is the contrasting dependence on stacking order: the in-plane properties are stacking-independent, with variations of less than 2% among configurations, whereas the out-of-plane bending modulus is stacking-dependent, varying by up to 12.7% between the AA and AB stackings. The calculated ratios confirm the ductile nature of these bilayers. Our comprehensive analysis establishes a robust mechanical characterization of WSe/MoS heterostructures, essential for their integration in flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Electronic structure and elastic response of WSe2/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructures: Effects of stacking","authors":"Widad Louafi , Maurits W. Haverkort , Karim Rezouali , Imad Belabbas , Samir Lounis","doi":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2026.114485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.commatsci.2026.114485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a comprehensive first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of rotationally aligned WSe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>/MoS<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> van der Waals heterobilayers. By determining the geometries of the three stable stacking registries (AA, AB<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>W</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>, and AB<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) within the Moiré superlattice, we establish their near-degenerate formation energies while providing a foundational structural model for interpreting atomic-scale microscopy. The heterobilayers exhibit a pronounced type-II band alignment with layer-hybridized, direct band gaps tunable between 0.33 and 0.45 eV by stacking order, alongside enhanced spin–orbit splitting (562–600 meV) and reduced hole effective masses. The heterobilayers exhibit a substantial enhancement in stiffness, with their in-plane elastic moduli approximately 1.8–1.9 times greater than those of the individual monolayers. A key finding is the contrasting dependence on stacking order: the in-plane properties are stacking-independent, with variations of less than 2% among configurations, whereas the out-of-plane bending modulus is stacking-dependent, varying by up to <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span> 12.7% between the AA and AB<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> stackings. The calculated <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>2D</mtext></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span> ratios confirm the ductile nature of these bilayers. Our comprehensive analysis establishes a robust mechanical characterization of WSe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>/MoS<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> heterostructures, essential for their integration in flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10650,"journal":{"name":"Computational Materials Science","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 114485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109264
Caio C.G. Silva , Alessandro Cacia , Hernán D. Rojas-Mantilla , Maria V.B. Zanoni , Saulo S. Garrido , Felipe Conzuelo
Photobioelectrochemical systems (PBEs) harness the machinery of photosynthetic microorganisms to convert solar energy into electricity. However, the inefficient electron transfer at the cell-electrode interface remains as the key performance limitation. Herein, we report a plasmonic biohybrid strategy to enhance extracellular electron transfer in Chlorella-based photobioelectrodes by integrating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) localized on the microalgae membrane. Two approaches are investigated, consisting of physical mixing of isolated cells with AuNPs and cultivating microalgae in a growth medium supplemented with AuNPs, with the second approach allowing to obtain about significantly higher photocurrent responses. Optimized bioelectrodes yield photocurrent densities of up to 132 μA cm−2, 74% higher than bioelectrodes fabricated using unmodified cells. Spectral response analysis reveals a strong resonance at 525 nm, consistent with the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. Importantly, pigment content, growth kinetics, and membrane integrity are preserved, confirming the biocompatibility of the modification. This work presents a facile and effective route to engineer photosynthetic bioelectrodes using nanomaterials, advancing the design of high-performance PBEs for solar-to-electricity conversion.
{"title":"Microalgae cells with extracellular gold nanoparticles for enhanced photobioelectrochemical activity","authors":"Caio C.G. Silva , Alessandro Cacia , Hernán D. Rojas-Mantilla , Maria V.B. Zanoni , Saulo S. Garrido , Felipe Conzuelo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photobioelectrochemical systems (PBEs) harness the machinery of photosynthetic microorganisms to convert solar energy into electricity. However, the inefficient electron transfer at the cell-electrode interface remains as the key performance limitation. Herein, we report a plasmonic biohybrid strategy to enhance extracellular electron transfer in <em>Chlorella</em>-based photobioelectrodes by integrating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) localized on the microalgae membrane. Two approaches are investigated, consisting of physical mixing of isolated cells with AuNPs and cultivating microalgae in a growth medium supplemented with AuNPs, with the second approach allowing to obtain about significantly higher photocurrent responses. Optimized bioelectrodes yield photocurrent densities of up to 132 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>, 74% higher than bioelectrodes fabricated using unmodified cells. Spectral response analysis reveals a strong resonance at 525 nm, consistent with the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. Importantly, pigment content, growth kinetics, and membrane integrity are preserved, confirming the biocompatibility of the modification. This work presents a facile and effective route to engineer photosynthetic bioelectrodes using nanomaterials, advancing the design of high-performance PBEs for solar-to-electricity conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 109264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2026.117454
Guo Qiu Wang , Wei Liang
Building upon the concept of discretely orthogonal bases, this paper develops a generalized interpolation framework, with the classical Lagrange interpolation method serving as a special case. Specifically, for an arbitrary number of specific non-equidistant interpolation nodes, this paper constructs corresponding discretely orthogonal polynomial bases, whose associated orthogonal matrices coincide with the well-known Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCTs). Using these polynomial bases, we show that when interpolation nodes are chosen as extended Chebyshev nodes, the interpolation of continuous functions converge in the square-integrable sense. Furthermore, we prove that the resulting interpolation functions based on extended Chebyshev nodes exhibit uniform convergence in the Hölder continuity class. These results not only provide a rigorous theoretical foundation for polynomial-based signal representation in digital conditioning of sensors, but also suggest a viable candidate for spectral-type approach for numerical schemes for partial differential equations (PDEs).
{"title":"Non-orthogonal interpolation on closed interval and convergence","authors":"Guo Qiu Wang , Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building upon the concept of discretely orthogonal bases, this paper develops a generalized interpolation framework, with the classical Lagrange interpolation method serving as a special case. Specifically, for an arbitrary number of specific non-equidistant interpolation nodes, this paper constructs corresponding discretely orthogonal polynomial bases, whose associated orthogonal matrices coincide with the well-known Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCTs). Using these polynomial bases, we show that when interpolation nodes are chosen as extended Chebyshev nodes, the interpolation of continuous functions converge in the square-integrable sense. Furthermore, we prove that the resulting interpolation functions based on extended Chebyshev nodes exhibit uniform convergence in the Hölder continuity class. These results not only provide a rigorous theoretical foundation for polynomial-based signal representation in digital conditioning of sensors, but also suggest a viable candidate for spectral-type approach for numerical schemes for partial differential equations (PDEs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50226,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 117454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2026.117418
Dean Chou , Ifrah Iqbal , Yasser Alrashedi , Theyab Alrashdi , Hamood Ur Rehman
In this research, we examine the equal-width equation, a basic model for one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear fluid dynamics. Using the Kudryashov method, we obtain explicit soliton solutions that reflect the equation’s inherent nonlinear nature, modeling different hydrodynamic phenomena like shallow water waves and internal solitons. The solutions are graphically represented using three-dimensional (3D), contour, density, and two-dimensional (2D) plots to gain further insight into wave evolution. To confirm the analytical solutions, we apply the differential transform method (DTM) for numerical simulations, allowing for comparative analysis between theoretical solitons and their discrete approximations. In addition, stability and modulation instability analyses are conducted to determine the robustness of these wave structures under small perturbations, important for understanding turbulence and energy dissipation in fluids. Furthermore, we perform a bifurcation analysis through the building of phase portraits and vector fields, uncovering complex dynamical behaviors like periodic and chaotic motion in nonlinear fluid systems. In order to expand our investigation, we add a periodic perturbation to investigate chaotic wave interactions, represented through phase space trajectories and time series plots. The perturbed system presents a perturbation with elements of intensity δ and frequency ϕ, enabling us to study how small periodic perturbations influence the dynamical behavior and stability of the nonlinear wave solutions. Finally, we investigate multistability and carry out sensitivity analysis, evaluating how initial conditions affect solution trajectories in a fluid system. Our results are helping toward a deeper understanding of nonlinear wave mechanics and their repercussions in fluid physics. This work addresses the lack of a unified framework by combining exact soliton solutions, numerical validation, and nonlinear dynamical analysis for the equal-width equation.
{"title":"Bifurcation, chaotic behaviour, multistability and sensitivity analysis: Exact and numerical analysis of nonlinear dispersive wave equation","authors":"Dean Chou , Ifrah Iqbal , Yasser Alrashedi , Theyab Alrashdi , Hamood Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, we examine the equal-width equation, a basic model for one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear fluid dynamics. Using the Kudryashov method, we obtain explicit soliton solutions that reflect the equation’s inherent nonlinear nature, modeling different hydrodynamic phenomena like shallow water waves and internal solitons. The solutions are graphically represented using three-dimensional (3D), contour, density, and two-dimensional (2D) plots to gain further insight into wave evolution. To confirm the analytical solutions, we apply the differential transform method (DTM) for numerical simulations, allowing for comparative analysis between theoretical solitons and their discrete approximations. In addition, stability and modulation instability analyses are conducted to determine the robustness of these wave structures under small perturbations, important for understanding turbulence and energy dissipation in fluids. Furthermore, we perform a bifurcation analysis through the building of phase portraits and vector fields, uncovering complex dynamical behaviors like periodic and chaotic motion in nonlinear fluid systems. In order to expand our investigation, we add a periodic perturbation to investigate chaotic wave interactions, represented through phase space trajectories and time series plots. The perturbed system presents a perturbation with elements of intensity <em>δ</em> and frequency <em>ϕ</em>, enabling us to study how small periodic perturbations influence the dynamical behavior and stability of the nonlinear wave solutions. Finally, we investigate multistability and carry out sensitivity analysis, evaluating how initial conditions affect solution trajectories in a fluid system. Our results are helping toward a deeper understanding of nonlinear wave mechanics and their repercussions in fluid physics. This work addresses the lack of a unified framework by combining exact soliton solutions, numerical validation, and nonlinear dynamical analysis for the equal-width equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50226,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 117418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a C-FISTA-type proximal point algorithm for solving strongly quasiconvex pseudomonotone equilibrium problems. Our proposed method consists of two momentum terms, a correction term, and the proximal point algorithm. We establish the convergence of our proposed method under standard assumptions. Furthermore, we obtain the sublinear and linear convergence rates of our proposed method. Finally, we present a numerical test for solving equilibrium problems to illustrate the effectiveness and versatility of our proposed method.
{"title":"A C-FISTA-type proximal point algorithm for strongly quasiconvex pseudomonotone equilibrium problems","authors":"Grace Nnennaya Ogwo , Chinedu Izuchukwu , Yekini Shehu","doi":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cam.2026.117504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a C-FISTA-type proximal point algorithm for solving strongly quasiconvex pseudomonotone equilibrium problems. Our proposed method consists of two momentum terms, a correction term, and the proximal point algorithm. We establish the convergence of our proposed method under standard assumptions. Furthermore, we obtain the sublinear and linear convergence rates of our proposed method. Finally, we present a numerical test for solving equilibrium problems to illustrate the effectiveness and versatility of our proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50226,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 117504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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