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{"title":"Growth and biomass composition of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrient-rich water and CO2 from a recirculating aquaculture system","authors":"Minna Hiltunen,&nbsp;Ruchira Kannangara,&nbsp;Bernadeth Nakandalage,&nbsp;Olivia Söderena,&nbsp;Hemanta Timilsina,&nbsp;Juhani Pirhonen,&nbsp;Katja Pulkkinen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling waste to new products is a key concept in circular economy with benefits to environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. Microalgae cultivation integrated to aquaculture is an example of circular economy that has potential to increase environmental sustainability of aquaculture via capture of nutrients and use of CO₂ efflux, and production of valuable, renewable biomass and biomolecules. Here we studied the simultaneous utilization of Recirculating Aquaculture System's (RAS) water and CO₂ exhaust (ca. 600–1100 ppm) on growth and biochemical composition of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, a widely used microalga. <em>C. vulgaris</em> had high growth rates (μ_max up to 0.95) even at the relatively low temperature of 18–19 °C used in the experiments and captured on average 98–100 % of phosphate, 82–99 % of nitrate, and 68–95 % of total nitrogen in the RAS water during 8–16 day experiments. Growth, biomass accumulation, and nutrient capture were improved by using high light intensity (ca. 90 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and/or RAS exhaust air. The highest lipid content (∼18 % DW) in <em>C. vulgaris</em> was achieved in two-stage cultivation under sulphur limitation, but nitrogen limitation by adding phosphorus (decreasing N:P ratio) into RAS water did not increase lipid content. Fatty acid composition of <em>C. vulgaris</em> was mainly determined by culture medium and light intensity. Overall, we produced stable and fast-growing cultures of <em>C. vulgaris</em> using RAS water and biogenic CO₂ in conditions relevant for potential future integration of microalgal production to RAS while examining also biochemical composition of the produced biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic transmission, self-fertilization, apomixis and triploidy in mixed hybridizations of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima)","authors":"S. Bråtelund ,&nbsp;T. Ruttink ,&nbsp;F. Goecke ,&nbsp;G. Klemetsdal ,&nbsp;S. Forbord ,&nbsp;J. Skjermo ,&nbsp;D. Aldridge ,&nbsp;A.R. Borrero-Santiago ,&nbsp;J. Ødegård ,&nbsp;J. Funderud ,&nbsp;Å. Ergon","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kelp species <em>Saccharina latissima</em> is gaining attention due to the growing interest in kelp cultivation in Europe and North America. The current common practice of propagation is to generate seedlings through mixed hybridization of individuals collected from the wild. However, virtually nothing is known about rates of self-fertilization, apomixis, and unintended selection in this process. Moreover, efforts to develop genetic material suitable for cultivation remain limited. We conducted a selection experiment to test how mixed hybridization and selection could be used for initial breeding for large-size <em>S. latissima</em> sporophytes. We mixed spores from 159 wild sporophytes to produce an F1 generation. Approximately 800 offspring were phenotyped and genotyped using “genotyping by sequencing” (GBS). Then, 25 large-sized individuals were selected as parents for an F2_selected population, while 25 random individuals served as parents of an F2_control population. Approximately 800 individuals from F2_selected and 200 individuals from F2_control were phenotyped and genotyped. Parentage assignment revealed considerable variation in transmission between parents. Selfing rates exceeded expectations under random mating in F2_selected (0.10), and particularly in F2_control (0.73), where it led to high inbreeding levels (<em>F</em>_IS = 0.16) and contributed to reducing the expected heterozygosity from 0.20 to 0.18. In F1, 4 % of the sporophytes were apomictic, while in F2_selected and F2_control the fraction of apomictic sporophytes was 0 % and 1 %, respectively. Additionally, spontaneous triploid offspring were identified on the basis of GBS data at a rate of 0.3 %–0.6 %. We discuss implications of our results for practical propagation and breeding of <em>S. latissima</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Bacillus tequilensis protected Micropterus salmoides against Aeromonas veronii infection by modulating digestion, immunity, and intestinal microbiota and metabolites","authors":"Jianqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Jingran Sun ,&nbsp;Ling Pan ,&nbsp;Fuping Song ,&nbsp;Huiqin Huang ,&nbsp;Kunlian Mo ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yonghua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, a freshwater fish of significant economic value, faces substantial challenges due to frequent infection by <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> and excessive antibiotic use. <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> emerges as a promising antibiotic alternative, enhancing fish immunity and gut health. However, its specific effects on <em>M. salmoides</em> have not been fully clarified. This study examined the impact of different concentrations of <em>B. tequilensis</em> Bt-CO (0, 6.0 × 10⁹, 6.0 × 10¹⁰, and 6.0 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg) on juvenile <em>M. salmoides</em>, focusing on growth, survival, body indexes, immune and antioxidant responses, digestive enzymes, disease resistance, intestinal microbiota, and metabolism. Following an 8-week feeding trial, Bt-CO had no significant impact on the growth performance, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor of <em>M. salmoides</em>. However, at a concentration of 6.0 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg, it significantly enhanced immune indicators, glutathione peroxidase activity, digestive enzyme activities, and post-<em>A. veronii</em> infection survival rates <em>of M. salmoides</em>. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that Bt-CO enhanced beneficial bacteria while reducing harmful ones. Metabolomic analyses indicated that Bt-CO modulated intestinal metabolite levels, including SM(d16:1/24:1(15Z)), <span>d</span>-Threitol, and PC(18:1(9Z)/P-16:0), involving 25 metabolic pathways like <span>d</span>-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Correlation analysis highlighted significant links between specific gut bacteria and differential metabolites. Overall, this study suggests that incorporating Bt-CO at a concentration of 6.0 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg in the diet of juvenile <em>M. salmoides</em> could: (i) improve intestinal health by modulating microbial composition and metabolite profile in the intestine; and (ii) enhance fish digestive capacity, immunity, and disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of biotechnology approaches – Polyploidization and hybridization – For improvement of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larviculture and juvenile on-grow with special regard to morphological traits and gonadal development","authors":"Jelena Stanivuk ,&nbsp;Zoran Marinović ,&nbsp;Nevena Kitanović ,&nbsp;Attila Mozsár ,&nbsp;Jenő Káldy ,&nbsp;Eszter Várkonyi ,&nbsp;Marianna Molnár ,&nbsp;Tamás Müller ,&nbsp;Georgina Fazekas ,&nbsp;Balázs Kovács ,&nbsp;Katalin Bogár ,&nbsp;Zoltán Nagy ,&nbsp;Dorottya Fazekas ,&nbsp;Ákos Horváth ,&nbsp;Uroš Ljubobratović","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biotechnological interventions, like hybridization and polyploidization, may change aquaculture production over time, with proven benefits, improving growth, survival, feed efficiency, and reducing intracohort cannibalism. While such traits have been studied in other aquaculture studies, pikeperch (<em>Sander lucioperca</em>) remains underrepresented despite its increasing commercial value. Basic morphological and reproductive traits of diploid and triploid pikeperch, as well as their diploid and triploid hybrids with the Volga pikeperch (<em>S. volgensis</em>), were investigated under controlled conditions for up to 350 days post-hatch (DPH). This study evaluated four experimental groups: diploid pikeperch (PD), triploid pikeperch-autotriploid (PT), diploid hybrid (<em>S. lucioperca</em> ♀ × <em>S. volgensis</em>) (HD), and their triploid-allotriploid (HT). Triploidization was induced via hydrostatic pressure. Larval ploidy and hybrid status were verified. Subsequent larviculture and juvenile growth trials spanned from 6 to 47 and 89–145 days post-hatch, respectively. Hybrid larvae in both ploidy levels exhibited superior swim bladder inflation compared to diploids, but lagged in growth. Triploidization did not enhance growth performance but decreased fish viability. However, allotriploids have proven to be more vigorous than autotriploids. Gonadal analyses indicated that PD and HD developed fully functional gonads. PT histological samples showed many germ cells that did not enter meiosis, with sporadic oocytes and spermatocytes. HT displayed two gonadal phenotypes: pro-male, resembling juvenile diploid testes, and pro-female, characterized by intersex traits, likely rendering them infertile. These findings provide valuable insights into the phenotypic effects of triploidization and hybridization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus requirements in sea-cage farmed Atlantic salmon with an emphasis on bone health and digestibility","authors":"Lucia Drábiková ,&nbsp;Saskia Kröckel ,&nbsp;P. Eckhard Witten ,&nbsp;Guido Riesen ,&nbsp;Paul Morris ,&nbsp;Agnés Ostertag ,&nbsp;Martine Cohen-Solal ,&nbsp;Thomas W.K. Fraser ,&nbsp;Per Gunnar Fjelldal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial fish feeds are supplemented with highly digestible inorganic phosphorus (P), a limited and expensive resource. As fish excrete excess dietary P, it is necessary to ensure they are fed the correct amounts to reduce costs and the release of phosphorus into the environment. The specific P requirements during the grow-out phase of farmed Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>, L.), which is when feeding intensity is highest, are unknown. In the current study, sea-cage reared salmon under natural light were fed one of six diets with increasing inorganic P levels (6.1-11.2 g/kg total P), from December 2022 (1.8 kg, sampling point I.), through April (2.8 kg, sampling II.), until July 2023 (4.2 kg, sampling III.). Response parameters were P digestibility, P retention, growth, vertebral deformities, vertebral mechanical strength and mineral content, bone microstructure, and microscopic location of bone minerals. Growth of the animals was lower between December-April (0.62 mm/day) with temperatures ranging from 5 to 9 °C compared with the period between April-July (0.98 mm/day, 7-14 °C). Phosphorus digestibility followed a similar trajectory with higher values in the second part of the study. Vertebral deformities were not affected by different dietary P levels. A regular somatic growth, bone mineralisation, and bone mechanical strength were achieved in animals fed 3.7 g/kg available P between December-April and in animals fed 4.6 g/kg available P between April-July. This shows the potential to reduce total dietary P content by 16 –24 % compared to current commercial feeds, without compromising bone mineralisation or skeletal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of temperature on the immune response of WSSV-infected Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus): Insights from flow cytometry","authors":"J. Kumaravel,&nbsp;M. Muralidhar,&nbsp;P.K. Patil,&nbsp;K. Vinaya Kumar,&nbsp;J. Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;J. Raymond Jani Angel,&nbsp;Sudheesh K. Prabhudas,&nbsp;K. Karthic,&nbsp;M.S. Shekhar,&nbsp;Akshaya Panigrahi,&nbsp;Kuldeep K. Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent pathogens of cultured shrimp. Water temperature is known to have a profound effect on disease expression and viral pathogenesis. This study evaluated the effect of temperature variations on the virus replication and host response. Flow cytometry method was used to analyse <em>Penaeus indicus</em> immune parameters (apoptosis, respiratory burst, cytoplasmic free calcium concentration (cf-Ca²⁺), cell cycle analysis, and phagocytosis) against WSSV infection at 27 °C, 30 °C and 33 °C temperatures at different time points 12hpi, 24 hpi, and 48 hpi. Effect of WSSV replication at different temperatures was quantified by qPCR showing the shrimps exposed to higher temperatures (33 °C) with reduced viral load. At this higher temperature of 33 °C, shrimp responded with elevated percentages of early apoptosis (11.77 ± 2.11 %) and late apoptosis (19.88 ± 4.99), and higher percentage of cf-Ca²⁺ activity (80.10 %) at 48 hpi. Phagocytosis analysis revealed maximum percentage (27 %) of semi granulocytes at 33 °C at 48 hpi. WSSV infected shrimps responded with an increased respiratory burst from 12 hpi to 48 hpi exposed to 33 °C when the virus replication was observed to be low. Decreased percentage of G1 phase in WSSV infected shrimp samples at all time points and temperature, except for minimal increase at 12 hpi at 33 °C indicated cell cycle is deregulated by WSSV infections. The flow cytometric based immune analysis of WSSV infected shrimps in this study suggests elevated temperatures plays a significant role to induce host defense reaction and in inhibiting replication of WSSV. The differentially expressed gene (DEGs) analysis of WSSV infected shrimps at 12, 24 and 48 hpi resulted in 846, 854, 1291 DEGs respectively, offering insights into WSSV infection and shrimp immunity under varying temperature conditions at molecular level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological responses of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) to anesthesia with linalool and thymol chemotypes of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris","authors":"Sidney dos Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Imaculada de Morais Carvalho Ananias ,&nbsp;Andre Lima Ferreira ,&nbsp;Thamara Bentivole Magalhães ,&nbsp;Wagner Junio de Freitas Martins ,&nbsp;André de Sena Souza ,&nbsp;Gisele Cristina Favero ,&nbsp;Tulio Pacheco Boaventura ,&nbsp;Ronald Kennedy Luz","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two experiments were performed to investigate the anesthetic and physiological responses of <em>Piaractus brachypomus</em> exposed to linalool (EOTV-L) and thymol (EOTV-T) chemotypes of the essential oil of <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> (EOTV). Experiment 1 evaluated induction and recovery times of 110 juvenile fish exposed to EOTV-L (0–300 mg L⁻¹) and EOTV-T (0–200 mg L⁻¹). Experiment 2 evaluated blood collected from 120 juvenile fish immediately after exposure (IAE) and 1 h (1hAE) and 24 h (24hAE) after exposure to a control (ethanol) or to 50 or 100 mg L⁻¹ of each chemotype. EOTV-L showed a linear response plateau effect for induction (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with the inflection at 120.81 mg L⁻¹, and a linear effect for recovery between 94 and 385 s. EOTV-T followed a similar model for induction (inflection at 103.44 mg L⁻¹) and had a quadratic effect for recovery (minimum at 91.20 mg L⁻¹, 151 s). For EOTV- L, hematocrit was higher for the control and 100 mg L⁻¹. Glucose was decreased at 1hAE for 50 and 100 mg L⁻¹ and increased at 24hAE for 50 mg L⁻¹. Plasma protein, hemoglobin and cholesterol showed no differences. For EOTV-T, hematocrit was decreased at 24hAE and triglycerides were increased at 1hAE and decreased at 24hAE. Glucose remained stable at IAE and 1hAE for 50 and 100 mg L⁻¹. Cholesterol increased at 24hAE for the control and 50 and 100 mg L⁻¹ after 1hAE and 24hAE. Both chemotypes ensured adequate induction and recovery times at a concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹, but EOTV-L providing greater metabolic stability and less stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint forecasting of salmon lice and treatment interventions in aquaculture operations","authors":"Benjamin S. Narum,&nbsp;Geir D. Berentsen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for joint forecasting of parasitic lice and associated preventative treatments stems from large monetary losses and reduced fish welfare associated with such treatments, and the distribution of potential future treatments can be used in operational planning to hedge their associated risk. We present a spatio-temporal forecasting model that accounts for the joint dynamics between lice and treatments where spatial interaction between sites is derived from hydrodynamic transportation patterns. The model-derived forecasting distributions exhibit large heterogeneity between sites at significant levels of exposure, which suggests the forecasting model can provide great value in assisting operational risk management. For the data used in this study, within a 20-week forecast period, our results suggest up to a 40% lice-induced loss in the value of farmed salmon, with differences up to 20%pt. in the average exposure of each site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-life Bacillus circulans L38 intervention enhances growth and intestinal health in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae","authors":"Chuanwei Yao ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuxin Yan ,&nbsp;Jinze Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yayu Qu ,&nbsp;Xianyong Bu ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early life stage is often regarded as a “window of opportunity” for microbial colonization. Targeted intervening with probiotics during this period may be a beneficial approach to foster the healthy development of larvae. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of supplemental <em>Bacillus circulans</em> L38 (BC) on survival, growth performance, and intestinal health of large yellow croaker larvae. The larvae were fed diets containing different concentrations of BC (0 CFU/g, 10⁶ CFU/g, 10⁷ CFU/g, and 10⁸ CFU/g) for 30 days. Results demonstrated that larvae fed the diet with 10⁸ CFU/g BC significantly enhanced growth performance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Concurrently, larvae fed the diet containing 10⁸ CFU/g BC significantly promoted intestinal development by increasing intestinal fold height, enhancing expression of markers related to intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apical junction complex, and boosting brush border enzyme activity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, larvae fed a diet containing 10⁸ CFU/g BC exhibited a significant enhancement in both the activity and expression levels of digestive and absorption-related enzymes and genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation with 10⁸ CFU/g BC further enhanced the larval antioxidant capacity, likely by modulating both the activity and expression of antioxidant connected to enzymes and genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with 10⁷–10⁸ CFU/g BC can alter the activity of enzymes connected to innate immunity and modulate the expression levels of genes involved in inflammatory response, thereby enhancing the immunity of larvae (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, larvae fed a diet containing 10⁸ CFU/g BC maintained healthy intestinal microecology by regulating microbial diversity and boosting the proportion of health-promoting bacteria (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 10⁸ CFU/g BC could improve the growth performance and intestinal health of large yellow croaker larvae. This improvement are attributed to the promotion of intestinal development, improvement of digestive and absorptive capacity, augmentation of antioxidant capacity, bolstering of immune function, and optimization of the gut microbiota diversity and composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and cellular responses to salinity stress in two populations of Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) from estuarine and freshwater habitats","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Min ,&nbsp;Jianqi Yang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Yan ,&nbsp;Shikai Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater shortages and the growing demand for sustainable aquaculture have highlighted the potential of euryhaline species for brackish water and estuarine aquaculture. Asian clam (<em>Corbicula fluminea</em>) serves as a commercially valuable bivalve in East Asia. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying their salinity adaptation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic and cellular responses of two Asian clam populations (estuarine and freshwater) exposed to salinities of 0, 15, and 25 PSU for 12 h, 24 h, and 5 days. A total of 50 RNA-Seq libraries (25 per population) were generated, revealing population-specific transcriptional reprogramming. The estuarine population exhibited a more tightly regulated and pathway-specific response, particularly under prolonged high-salinity exposure, with significant enrichment in MAPK and NF-κB signaling, amino acid metabolism, and osmoregulatory processes. In contrast, the freshwater population showed a broader yet less targeted transcriptomic profile. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key gene modules and hub genes associated with salinity stress, highlighting divergent regulatory strategies between populations. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of gill tissues corroborated transcriptomic findings, revealing more severe tissue damage in the freshwater population under high salinity, whereas the estuarine population maintained structural integrity. These results provide comprehensive insights into the molecular basis of salinity adaptation in Asian clam, offering valuable guidance for selective breeding programs aimed at enhancing salinity tolerance, expanding aquaculture potential, and improving environmental resilience in Asian clam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}