Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

The paper aimed to present high pressure processing of food used to process liquid and solid foods with a high content of moisture. When using high pressure processing, microorganisms are destroyed, but covalent bonds do not break and the effect on processed food is minimal. In addition, the positive effect consists of the avoidance of excessive thermal treatments and chemical preservatives. High pressure has a small effect on low-molecular-weight compounds such as flavor compounds, vitamins, and pigments compared to thermal processes. Therefore, the quality of high pressure pasteurized food is very similar to that of fresh food products. The quality of foodstuffs during their shelf life is influenced to a greater extent by subsequent distribution and storage temperatures or by packaging rather than by the pressure treatment itself. Food products can be HPP in a batch system or a semi-continuous process. During HPP, the pressure is applied uniformly and simultaneously in all directions. After HPP the food will not return to its original size and shape due to pressure differences between the compressibility of air and water, unless the food is perfectly elastic. Pressure is instantaneously and uniformly transmitted independent of the size and geometry of food. Resultant pressure regulates most subsequent biochemical reactions occurring in treated products. This article provides an overview of current technology status.

Multi-roles of women in domestic sectors and public sectors have basically affected behavior, structure, function, and construction of socio-culture of the farmer's household. Objective of the research were: 1) to identify patterns of the work division and working time division for women, 2) to analyze the change of functional structure in the farmer's family, such as: the change in interaction pattern, decision-making pattern, and financial management pattern. The research used a qualitative approach, data collecting technique through observation, interview, and documentation on the farmer's household. Data analysis used a descriptive analysis. Results of the research showed that 1) time allocation to do the household chores is about 13.16 hours/day and to make a living is about 10.94 hours/day. 2) Internal interaction in the family is about 5.23 hours/day on average and external interaction is 6.32 hours/day on average. Managing the decision in the household, which is decided by the wife herself, includes activities in arranging the needs in the kitchen and choosing menu for consumption. Managing analogous decision-making between husband and wife is on activities that organize the interaction pattern and time management in activity outside the household. Concerning with financial management, women earn Rp 890,500/month on average.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive source of cells for cell therapy in veterinary medicine. Recent interest in stem cell biology and its therapeutic potential has led to search for accessible new sources of stem cells. Wharton‘s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent with specific potential to differentiate into multiple lineages.

The aim of our study was the isolation, characterization and multilineage differentiation of Wharton‘s Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from canine umbilical cord following Caesarean section.

Our data confirmed that the isolated and cultivated mesenchymal stem cells have multipotent based on specific surface antigen expressing and differentiation capacity.

The Italian wine industry is going through, during a general economic crisis, a period of strong growth and expansion in the world markets. The quality of products, characterized by tradition and innovation, has defeated the involution of the Italian entrepreneurial system. The variety of wines produced represents the peculiarities of the Italian territory. The aim of this paper is to measure a multidimensional phenomenon, the “Enological vocation” of the Italian provinces, through the use of a composite index. The results highlight both areas of the territory for which it is known the strong vocation and less known areas where you need to do further investigation.

Sustainability is progressively gaining importance in the winegrowing sector. Implementing this concept implies environmental soundness, social equity and economic feasibility. A proliferation of initiatives to develop the sustainable production of wine started officially in Italy since the year 2010. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the reshaping of Sicilian winegrowing according to the ‘Triple bottom line’ approach to sustainability. By analyzing the case-study of the Tasca d’Almerita firm, pilot farm of various national projects in wine-sustainability, we found that adopting sustainable operative, organizational and competitive strategies has lead to a well-managed and growing business with positive socio-economic implications at the local level.

The aim of this paper is to present the results regarding the yield and the yield components we have obtained at two triticale varieties studied under different preceding crops, different soil tillage conditions, and different nitrogen application conditions. In this respect, two triticale varieties (Tulus and Gorun 1) were studied under the following technological conditions: two preceding crop (sunflower and maize), two soil tillage (ploughing and harrowing), and six nitrogen application variants (0+0+0 kg.ha^-1, 40+40+40 kg.ha^-1, 40+80+0 kg.ha^-1, 0+40+80 kg.ha^-1, 0+80+40 kg.ha^-1, and 0+120+0 kg.ha^-1, respectively first application in autumn, before seedbed preparation, second application in spring, in the tillering growing stage, and third application in spring, in the two nodes growing stage). Researches were performed in a field experiment under rainfed conditions in the agricultural year 2013-2014. The field experiment was located on a reddish preluvosoil within the Experimental Farm Moara Domneasca (44° 29’44” North latitude and 26° 15’28.5” East longitude) belonging to the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. There were determined the yield at 14% moisture content, the number of ears per square meter, the yield components of the ears (ear length; number of fertile spikelets per ear; number of sterile spikelets per ear; number of grains per ear; number of grains per spikelet; grain weight per ear), and the yield quality (thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight, protein contend and starch content of the grains).

Oligosaccharides were obtained from different agriculture residues by using non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) degrading enzymes (Pentozyme®) hydrolysis method. Pentozyme consist of mixture of xylanase, amylase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, and pectinase. Agricultural residues including sugar palm peel, pine apple peel, spent tea leaves, spent coffee grounds, brewer's spent grain, copra meal, and rice straw were used as a source for oligosaccharide production. At the end of hydrolysis, reducing sugar and oligosaccharides content of all samples were measured. The results showed that reducing sugar content was significantly different (P<0.05) among the samples with spent tea leaves produced the highest reducing sugar and oligosaccharide after hydrolysis. Therefore, spent tea leaves were used in the subsequent experiment to evaluate its prebiotic properties. Results showed that the extract were able to inhibits growth of pathogen and support the growth of beneficial bacteria.

The paper analyses the evolution and potential future trend of research debate related to climate change impacts on the wine chain. A particular emphasis was given to the evaluation of sustainability in the examined literature. From a methodological point of view, sets of text analysis techniques were combined for the investigation of those selected scientific papers. Results highlight that the detailed and in-depth examination of the subject is quite recent. Furthermore, the analysis of climate change on wine production sustainability is primarily focused on the environmental aspects and not to the socio-economic ones. Lastly, future potential research issues and aims for the examined topic were suggested.

Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) is non-ionizing and non-termal radiation. The previous research result was proven that prevalence death of Salmonella typhimurium in the fisiology liquid that has positive correlation with exposure intensity, but without exposure duration. The exposure of ELF 646.7 μT magnetic field during 30 minutes gives higher Salmonella death impact rather than 60 minutes and 90 minutes exposure. The objective of this research was to determine dose effectiveness of ELF magnetic field exposure in Gado-Gado fresh food as sterilization alternative method from Salmonella typhimurium. The sample in this research was Gado-Gado (containing of seasoning and vegetables) which was gotten from the street vendors around Jember University campus. The dose of ELF magnetic field exposure that be tested was on 646.7 μT with exposure during 30 minutes. The dose effectiveness of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with 646.7 μT intensity during 30 minutes was proven can decrease Salmonella typhimurium population in Gado-Gado by inhibition effectiveness was shown by the destruction percentage in Gado-Gado seasoning was 56% and in Gado-Gado vegetables was 17%. According to the result of this research, it could be concluded that ELF magnetic field radiation has potency as the sterilization alternative method of fresh food which was cheap and safe from Salmonella typhimurium.

Currently Indonesia has targeted to satisfy the national demand of maize by fulfilling its own production. The policy will benefit the social economy of the local farmers and communities and create a variety of jobs. Attempts in fulfilling demand should uphold production sustainability, even then many indication show declining capability of soil to have increased. Reducing the capability of soil may lead to the reducing of productivity. Many well-documented data show that using organic fertilizer such as manure might improve soil's biological properties as well as its nutrition, production and quality of the obtained maize. Nevertheless, these improvements depend on the chemical composition of the green manures applied to the soil. Manures have different varieties in its chemical composition of nutrition, and heavy metal content depending on the diet. Little attention has been given by farmers on the probability of their plants might be contaminated by lead. Lead has been known to have a detrimental effect on plants. Therefore monitoring the effect is needed. The research was dedicated to participate on the effort of increasing productivity by promoting manure usage such as goat and cow manure on growing maize. Different compositions of goat and cow manure were applied on the soil media growth of maize on the glasshouse. The growth was monitored biophysically by measuring the leaves surface electrical difference and area and observing for signs of chlorosis. Result has shown that the addition of manure on soil has increases leaf area and electrical potential difference compared to the maize grown in a mere soil media. It is concluded that renewable fertilizer such as cow and goat manure was important in increasing plant growth. A composition of 2/3 soil and 1/3 goat manure was optimal for the leaves growth followed by composition of 2/3 soil and 1/3 cow manure. No signs of stress symptoms such as chlorosis were found; meaning that on all compositions of manure used in the research might be safe for plant and soil and pose no threat for human safety. Further monitoring is needed to ensure no lead contamination.