Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

The program designed for young coffee farmers is intended to increase the young coffee farmers’ interest to become entrepreneurs. This is based on the increase of the number of female workers that keeps increasing. While middle productive-aged workers (35-54 years old) increase slowly, young productive-aged workers (15-34 years old) decrease. This research was aimed to study the gap between generations in the coffee business, focusing on the role and position of young coffee farmers. The research was carried out in Simalungun Regency in North Sumatera, one of the Arabica coffee producers. This research used a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data from interview and group discussion. The method of the research was survey. The samples were young farmers aged between 20 and 40 years old, and they had been involved in business coffee (as farmers, farming labor, labor in coffee processing, traders, and agricultural supply shops). Samples were collected randomly from 108 respondents. The results of the research showed that there was already equality in access and control carried out by young coffee farmers and their parents. The gap seems to happen as there are a number of female young coffee farmers as well as the females’ mothers that do not have control or benefits over the resources.

Food waste in the global food supply chain is reviewed in relation to the prospects for feeding a population of nine billion by 2050. The topic of this article is the “food waste”, an important issue which has been developed increasingly over the past few years in the context of the actions identified at international level to contrast the global food crisis, which in its various aspects involves not only food law – in terms of both food security and food safety – but environmental law as well. In this light, the analysis can be seen as included among the issues related to the sustainability of well-being with the aim of ascertaining the causes that underlie food losses and food waste, also in view of the legal obstacles, and of identifying the latest prospects indicated by national and European lawmakers to mitigate or limit such waste. In the context of the analysis on the sustainability of well-being, the issue of food waste represents also under a legal point of view a complex aspect, the result of modern society and the well-being that characterises it, which involves multiple interests and is part of food security. The issue evokes the fact that food insecurity continues to exist and indeed has worsened in many parts of the world and raises questions on the impact of food waste on global food security. Thus, the issue is linked to several quite significant aspects related to environmental and food issues such as the control of natural resources, the loss of biodiversity, climate change, soil erosion, the reduction of scarce resources such as agricultural soil and water, and the loss of natural habitats.

Several management strategies of Bacterial blight disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea has been developing to minimize yield loss including the use of bacteriophage as phage therapy. However, some consideration must be point on its interaction with bacterial host and influence of bacterial host virulence. Therefor, information of characteristic of prospective bacteriophage must be determined prior to use as biological control agent. This research aimed to obtain some information about general characteristics of bacteriophage that infects P. syringae pv. glycinea such as the ability in propagation in bacterial host, type of nucleic acid, and total protein profile. The results showed that about four bacteriophages have been isolated from soybean soil in Sukorambi and Mangli area named ϕSK2a, ϕSK2b, ϕSK2c (from Sukorambi), and ϕMGX1 (from Mangli). All phages had different ability in propagation in bacterial host, P. syringae pv. glycinea strain H3 about 10¹⁰-10¹² PFU/mL. Nucleic acid analysis using digestion enzymes (DNase, RNase, and Restriction endonuclease) showed that all bacteriophage isolates had double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA). Moreover, protein profile of bacteriophage through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that all phages had similar pattern of the protein suggested the same type of bacteriophage. However, morphological characteristic is still needed to accurate determination of bacteriophage taxonomy.

Urban expansion and the preservation of fringe landscapes are interconnected issues. This article discusses on the relation between landscape and peri-urban agriculture and the possible implications of sustainable land management for fringe land quality proposing a framework to evaluate the latent nexus between agro-forest systems and human settlements in southern Europe. Eco-sustainable planning integrated with multifaceted research and policy dimensions (e.g. social, economic, cultural and political issues) characterizing Mediterranean peri-urban areas is a relevant approach to urban fringe sustainability. Permanent assessment of these factors allows for the implementation of different development scenarios. The present study contributes to systemic and multi-scaling approaches informing environmental policies, with the aim of achieving an integrated management of peri-urban agricultural landscapes

Design

of wireless sensor network for monitoring of soil quality parameters (temperature, humidity, conductivity and acidity) is proposed in the study. The structure, panels and block - diagrams of graphical user interface in the software LabView are developed. Web-based mobile system for wireless measurement of temperature, humidity, conductivity and acidity based on Arduino modules is proposed. The devices are configured and appropriate software for the operation of wireless sensor modules is written.

Microbes, that are beneficial to plants, the group of Rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. can serve as fertilizer, as a means of biological control of plant pathogens and can increase plant resistance. This study aimed to determine the activity of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. in promoting germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. This is experimental study using RBD basic design (Randomized Block Design). There are three treatments of tomato seed soaking time is 10, 20, and 30 minutes with 3 types of suspension that isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus sp., and a mixture of both these bacterial isolates. The study of tomato seed germination time showed that treatment of bacterial isolates is very real effect, where the control slower germination 2-3 days, while the treatment of both types of isolates germination between 4-5 days. Tomato seed treatment by soaking period of bacterial isolates between 10 to 30 minutes does not give a significantly different effect on the time of germination and growth of tomato seedlings. Isolate the Bacillus sp. tends to give a tomato seedling growing faster than the Pseudomonas spp. isolates, while a mixture of both isolate the bacteria does not give a different impression with a single treatment. Among the three treatment isolates showed no significant differences, except compared to control.

Uveitis is a common cause of blindness in feline patients as incorrectly treated or its chronicization can lead to formation of pre-iridal fibrovascular membranes, pupillary block and secondary glaucoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of uveitis in cats diagnosed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest between 2012 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed and cats were considered if complete diagnostic work-up, clinical examination and imaging studies were performed. All the feline cases were serologically tested for at least two of the common infectious causes: feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline coronavirus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Bartonella spp. Ninety-six cats with a mean age of 5.42 years, ranging from 1 month to 17 years old, with a male to female ratio of 1.33/1 were diagnosed with uveitis. The European domestic cat was overrepresented at 76% followed by Birman cat (6.3%), Persian cat (4.2%), Russian blue (4.2%), Norwegian cat (2%), British Short Hair (1%), Sphynx (1%) and Cornish Rex (1%). Infectious diseases were the cause of uveitis in 31 cases (32.3%), neoplasia was diagnosed in 22 cases (22.9%), uveitis secondary to septic keratitis in 8 cases (8.3%) and uveitis secondary to direct ocular trauma in 6 cases (6.3%). Twenty-nine cats (30.2%) with a mean age of 4.33 years old were diagnosed with idiopathic or immune-mediated uveitis, less than previously reported. Aqueous flare occurred in 91 cats and keratic precipitates were noted in 39 cats. The most common infectious cause of uveitis in this study was Toxoplasma gondii (n=18). Infectious diseases remain the most common cause of feline uveitis, therefore systemic evaluation and serological investigations should be performed in all cats with uveitis, cataract and glaucoma.

An analysis of winter injury to 45 new Romanian grapevine cultivars for table grapes and for white and red wines was performed as a result of the severe winter 2014-2015, with minimum air temperature of -20.8 °C (on the 8^th of January). There were used 9 widespread varieties in Romania as controls. The research was performed in the plantation - collection of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (44°46’N, 26°06’E, 91 m). There was determined the viability of primary and secondary buds in winter eye. In relation to these low temperatures, a better resistance, assessed on the basis of the percentage of primary and secondary viable buds, proved the varieties: Napoca, Milcov, Greaca, Xenia, Şarba, Crâmpoşie selecţionată, Columna, Novac; as well as controls: Chasselas doré, Muscat de Hamburg, Riesling italian, Fetească albă, Cabernet Sauvignon. Varieties Călina, Transilvania, Triumf, Victoria, Blasius and Selena, proved to be sensitive to low temperatures. It is necessary to have a territorial distribution of cultivars according to their resistance to frost and the application of differentiated pruning to compensate the losses.

In recent years there is an ever greater attention toward the theme of social responsibility, especially from the agriculture and agri-food sector, whose typical features, i.e. the link with the land, the role of tradition and the defence of nature and environment, are closer to this theme. Thus, social environmental issues have become an essential part of the agricultural policy's objectives.

In this context, we can observe a growing interest by the consumers towards the short food supply chain, which allows the recovery of the direct relationship and the consolidation of relations between producers and consumers.

The short food supply chain creates the awareness among producers and consumers having common goals and drives them to find new forms of meeting, exchange and collaboration with the direct sale. Thus, the aim is to create some organizational models for the development of new forms of marketing of short chain, by responding to the purpose of ensuring a competitive development of the fruit and vegetable chain and of the reference area.

In order to develop these reflections, we realized a case study on the “Orto in condominio” an experience similar to the “box scheme” realized in Campania region by the producers’ organization Terra Orti.

The study attempted to investigate the potential role of labelled food and wine products on the development process of an essentially rural region such as Basilicata. The main objective that raises the research is a mapping of the territories affected by the phenomenon of food and wine tourism in order to define a positioning map built on the comparison of two variables: the food and wine product dimension and the supply of local tourist services dimension, in order to determine districts and related products more suited to express a food and wine tourism product.

It contains important policy guidance for those involved in the agriculture supply chain and tourism in Basilicata.