Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

The program designed for young coffee farmers is intended to increase the young coffee farmers’ interest to become entrepreneurs. This is based on the increase of the number of female workers that keeps increasing. While middle productive-aged workers (35-54 years old) increase slowly, young productive-aged workers (15-34 years old) decrease. This research was aimed to study the gap between generations in the coffee business, focusing on the role and position of young coffee farmers. The research was carried out in Simalungun Regency in North Sumatera, one of the Arabica coffee producers. This research used a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data from interview and group discussion. The method of the research was survey. The samples were young farmers aged between 20 and 40 years old, and they had been involved in business coffee (as farmers, farming labor, labor in coffee processing, traders, and agricultural supply shops). Samples were collected randomly from 108 respondents. The results of the research showed that there was already equality in access and control carried out by young coffee farmers and their parents. The gap seems to happen as there are a number of female young coffee farmers as well as the females’ mothers that do not have control or benefits over the resources.

The study attempted to investigate the potential role of labelled food and wine products on the development process of an essentially rural region such as Basilicata. The main objective that raises the research is a mapping of the territories affected by the phenomenon of food and wine tourism in order to define a positioning map built on the comparison of two variables: the food and wine product dimension and the supply of local tourist services dimension, in order to determine districts and related products more suited to express a food and wine tourism product.

It contains important policy guidance for those involved in the agriculture supply chain and tourism in Basilicata.

Microbes, that are beneficial to plants, the group of Rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. can serve as fertilizer, as a means of biological control of plant pathogens and can increase plant resistance. This study aimed to determine the activity of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. in promoting germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. This is experimental study using RBD basic design (Randomized Block Design). There are three treatments of tomato seed soaking time is 10, 20, and 30 minutes with 3 types of suspension that isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus sp., and a mixture of both these bacterial isolates. The study of tomato seed germination time showed that treatment of bacterial isolates is very real effect, where the control slower germination 2-3 days, while the treatment of both types of isolates germination between 4-5 days. Tomato seed treatment by soaking period of bacterial isolates between 10 to 30 minutes does not give a significantly different effect on the time of germination and growth of tomato seedlings. Isolate the Bacillus sp. tends to give a tomato seedling growing faster than the Pseudomonas spp. isolates, while a mixture of both isolate the bacteria does not give a different impression with a single treatment. Among the three treatment isolates showed no significant differences, except compared to control.

The role of ethics, even in its absence, is essential in the economic discourse, despite its shifting through different theories. From the political Aristotelian tradition to the recent reflection about the concept of postmodern society – through the theory of maximizing the personal interest belonging to Utilitarianism– the moral questions and its dilemma, either accepted or rejected as non sense, have always indicated the directions to the human acts.

This paper is focused on consumption field seen as the favourite place where emerge all the contradictions of ethical human behaviour (in terms of choice, moral obligations, individual interests etc).

Firstly, the foundations of consumer's ethical responsibility is explored by addressing the changes from Modernity to Postmodernity and their alternative models of consumption.

It is argued that, paradoxically, the traces of “liquid society” with the fall of social structure, represent the beginning for developing a new kind of consumer defined as citizen who is able to embrace a sustainable and moral concept of consumption focused on collective well-being.

Secondly, after having defined the main features of ethical consumer, the paper addresses the role of ethics as the element which makes possible the communication between the two spheres of production and consumption. In this regard, following the dialectic between “rights” and “duties” articulated by Schrader, the responsibility of consumer is showed to be at the foundation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

Sustainable development is an important dimension for business incubators to improve tenant-businesses in the coffee value chain. This study focuses on business incubators addressing social and economic dimensions of sustainability in developing countries. Business incubators are perceived as important mechanisms for sustainable development as they involve relevant stakeholders and activities to interact each other. Prior research highlights the gap of theoretical explanation to understand business incubators linked to sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual approach based on resource dependence theory to better understand strategies in interdependencies to address power imbalance issues of business incubators in developing countries. Strategies such as integration and coordination should be implemented in the incubator management to increase mutual dependencies and improve relationships to secure resources, thereby, providing quality services for tenants. Relationships with relevant partner organizations such as universities, business centers, and public research organizations represent opportunities for business incubators in boosting sustainable business development.

The main land use in the lower Pak Phanang river basin is intensive paddy production. It is also promoted as a commercial rice farming zone by the Royal Project. The objective of this study, hence, was to identify the appropriate sustainability indicators for assessing and monitoring this area under the ASEAN community. This evaluation comprised of the diagnosis of problems, the analysis of stakeholders and the description of Land Utilization Types (LUTs). This lead to the diagnostic criteria weighting, indicators of development and sustainability by the participatory approaches. The data were collected through literature reviews, structure-questionnaire, focus group discussion with local stakeholders and individual interviews using the techniques of Participatory Rapid Appraisal and conceptual content analysis. This resulted in the diagnostic criteria following the framework for evaluating sustainable land management, which are productivity, security, protection, viability, and acceptability. There are a number of indicators with 22 items. The sustainability indicators in this study can be applied and evaluated in intensive paddy production areas which may lead to a strategy plan and greater sustainability in the future.

After a period of progressive abandonment of cultivation, the wine growers of the Etna initiated a process of renewal that allowed them to place high quality products on the market and to involve in wine tourism with the Etna Wine Route. In this context, the viticulture of the Etna is a model, which has become a strategic component of rural sustainable development and improvement of local tourism. In this study we implemented the Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) integrated in the SWOT analysis, a qualitative approach aimed to create awareness and promote action as prioritized by the stakeholders. We argue that the key requirement of the Etna Wine Route effective management for wine tourism development is the stakeholder involvement in generating ideas and developing products and services. In the case of EWR the major problems among the actors concern the distribution of commitments and the ability to focus on marketing strategies. Marketing alliance between the different elements of tourism could offer greater flexibility in choice, contributing to the development of the image of the area. The study shows that the SOR analysis is an effective tool to interpret the planning of tourism development of the EWR in a participatory way.

With the increased globalization of the wine industry comes the need for in-depth examinations of emerging consumer segments. The current study approaches the topic of sustainability from the consumer viewpoint. Specifically, the current paper focuses on an emerging yet sizeable market of consumers - Hispanic wine consumers in the United States. Consumer data were collected via in-person intercepts at retail stores that predominately target Hispanic consumers. Findings suggest that Hispanic consumers drink wine fairly frequently, with the majority of the sample reporting wine consumption at least once a week. Slightly over half of the sample prefers red and dry wine, but about forty percent give preferences to sweet wine. Hispanic consumers perceive wine as a drink to be consumed at home, rather than in a restaurant or a bar. Price was named as the top purchase driver, followed by personal preferences and friend's recommendations.

This paper explores the effects of international and European business law on the realization of the right to adequate food, which includes the right to freely and consciously choose a diet which is not only nutritious and healthy, but also respects consumers’ civic expectations about social, cultural and ethical qualities of specific foods. It appears that current international and european trade law is hardly compatible with a right to know in order to make better choices, which undermines the realization of the right to adequate food.

A total of 40 fish with average initial body weight 6.48±0.15 g and, were randomly stocked into eight glass aquaria. To illustrate the effect of four different levels (0.00; 0.50; 1.00 and 2.00%) of Alpinia meal as a feed additive on the performance, nutritional and physiological parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Each diet was fed two randomly duplicate aquaria for 12 weeks where each aquarium was stocked with 10 fish. Fish in all treatments were daily fed the experimental diets at a level of 20, 15, 10, 5, 3 and 3% of the (BW) daily for the 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10 and 11-12 week and fish fed 2 times daily in equal proportions. Feeding was performed for six consecutive days with no food being given on the seventh day when the fish were weighed.

Results showed that lower final body weight in Nile tilapia fish which fed on control diet compared to the different levels used. Results showed that fish fed on diet (2), containing 0.05% Alpinia meal a good increase in body weight and growth rates compared to other treatments, respectively. The rate of feed conversion, the utilization rate, productivity of the protein and efficient use of energy were the same, the fish fed on a diet (2) was the lowest one, the levels tend to a dropping with increased levels of Alpinia meal and the differences between treatments were significant. Also, data indicated that, there were no significant differences (P< 0.05) between all treatments in dry matter content, crude protein, ether extract, ash and energy content. For physiological parameters showed that no significant differences (P <0.05) in plasma total protein, plasma albumin and plasma total globulins of fish fed the experimental diets in comparison with the control diet.