Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

Application of the organic substrates and use of bio-mulching materials are effective in retaining soil moisture content, reducing soil erosion, and suppressing weed growth and thereby improving the soil health. A field experiment was conducted during 2005-2007 in lateritic soil (with pH 5.2 and organic carbon 0.42%) under rain fed condition of Nayagram block, West Midnapur, West Bengal, India to develop a sustainable organic farming management practice along with the effective uses of mulches and its impact on the yield attributes and quality of leaf in mulberry. The objective was to assess the influence of mulch materials especially sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and combined application of organics and biofertilizers (Azotobacter chroococcum) in regulating soil moisture and major nutrients to enhance the production and quality of mulberry leaves under water stress condition. Analysis of three crop data revealed that that the poultry manure in combination with biofertilizer and the reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers applied in mulch plots have a significant effect on growth, leaf yield and quality of mulberry plants. However, the effect of using recommended rate of inorganic fertilizers was the same as that of using 50% of the recommended rate of inorganic nitrogen and 60% of the recommended rate of phosphorus.

Enzymatic synthesis of fructose oleic ester (FOE) in stirred tank reactor using the immobilized lipase may cause a physical damage of support matrix, which causes a leaching of lipase from matrix. The objective of this research was to evaluate the best condition of FOE synthesis in fluidized bed reactor (FBR) using the immobilized lipase on modified hydrophobic matrix. Surface of Amberlite IRA 96 was modified with 2-phenylpropionaldehyde to obtain hydrophobic surface. Candida rugosa lipase was immobilized on the modified matrix. Subsequently, it was used for FOE synthesis in FBR system. Factors, such as reaction time, substrate flow rate, amount of water adsorbent, and substrate molar ratio were evaluated based on the conversion of oleic acid into FOE. Results from FTIR analysis showed that modified matrix had a peak at a specific wavelength ∼1674 cm^-1. It indicated that a group of imine (-C=N-) occurred after surface modification. The highest adsorption of lipase was obtained after adsorption for 45 min (13.28±0.57 mg lipase/g matrix), which was equivalent to 52.95±1.67%. The lipase activity was 73.66±5.35 U/g matrix. The best FOE synthesis condition was obtained at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, molecular sieve of 12%, substrate molar ratio (fructose: oleic acid) 1:4 for 48 h. FOE was confirmed by TLC and FT-IR analysis, which they had Rf 0.72 and specific wave number of ∼1712 cm^-1, respectively. FOE had emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, droplet size, and HLB value of 92.83±0.46%; 85.65±0.92%; 7.86±0.93 μm; 11-16, respectively. Emulsion type of FOE was oil in water emulsion.

This study aims at investigating the nutritional value of the pumpkin fruits from different local populations of the Cucurbita pepo L., C. maxima Duch. and C. moschata Duch. ex Poir species. The chosen cultivars were: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 of local populations from Oltenia, Romania namely from Dolj and Olt counties. The pumpkin culture was established in the teaching field of the Faculty of Horticulture in Craiova. The chemical analysis of the pumpkin fruits was carried out using standard methods. There were determined: the dry matter content, the soluble substance content, the total carotenoid content, the antioxidant activity through the DPPH and Trolox method. There have also been studied the correlation coefficients between the quality parameters using the multiple correlation coefficients. The results show differences in the studied quality parameters. There was observed that the “Local population 6” has the highest total carotenoid content of 6.587 mg/100 f.m. and the local population 1 has the highest antioxidant activity of 0.284 mmol/l Trolox.

Fermentation processes have proceeded without microbiological control until starter cultures came up in 19th Century. However, in some processes, such as wine making a widespread use of starter cultures did not come up until the end of the 20th Century, when the cellar-friendly active dry wine yeast (ADWY) were available. However, this practice was challenged for the uniformity that brought a limited number of commercially available presentations and new tendencies in wine making have withdrawn the use of ADWY. The return to non-controlled wine fermentations may have considerable set backs especially in terms of economical losses, as these wines have much higher risks of presenting different levels of spoilage (presence of unwanted compounds that will be organoleptically detectable) that will not be acceptable for the consumer.

The WILDWINE Project (EU contract 315065) proposed a system to overcome the criticism on the uniformity after use of ADWY by bringing “wild” microorganisms to the starter culture practice. The Project proposed mixed cultures as an alternative to single strain cultures that is the usual practice for starter cultures. This multi-strain and multi-species starter cultures aimed at reproducing the vineyard natural microbiota with the advantage of a selection of those strains and species that could add complexity to the final wines. The WILDWINE Project has focused the selection of this “wild” microorganism in 5 worldwide-recognised wine regions: Nemea and Crete (Greece), Piedmont (Italy), Bordeaux (France) and Priorat (Spain). The basic protocol was the same for all the regions: (i) to establish the natural biodiversity of the regions and determine the “microbial fingerprint” of the region, (ii) oenological screening of all the strains and species isolates to determine their quality for the wine making process and (iii) to use the microbial cocktails at pilot plants and in commercial cellars to determine the “microbial footprint” that the “wild” microorganisms leave on the final wines.

In the Priorat region, a limited number of different strains from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were detected after sampling cellars and vineyards in two different harvests (2012 and 2013). These low number of S. cerevisiae strains is in sharp contrast with the high biodiversity observed in the same area 18 years before when a selection of strains of this species was preformed to provide a commercial “autochthonous” strain for the Priorat region. Furthermore, the main species found in the vineyards were the yeast-like fungus Aerobasidium pullulans and Hanseniaspora uvarum. A. pullulans disappeared when grapes were turned into must and then H. uvarum and Candida zemplinina were the main species. Minority species found in musts and later in wines were Metschnokowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii.

In a globalized market where the national and international competition is growing it is important, for the Food System, to be able to focus on innovative strategies concerning the adoption of “sustainable” practices to represent an element of distinction and added value.

Sustainability, in its widest meaning of well-being sustainability, can be analyzed considering four visions: environmental, economic, social and generational.

In this paper, starting from a literature review, we will proceed to a theoretical analysis of the impact of the food system on the environment and of actions that, over time, have attempted to reduce it.

In a second phase we will focus on the olive oil sector, which although, to date, does not include environmental externalities regarded as most critical, it is good to start to reconsider it in a new perspective.

This will ensure that olive oil production can gain the competitive advantage of sustainability either to win the global competition for fielding competitive strategies, or contribute to territorial well-being sustainability.

It will be used as a theoretical reference model Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which will set a complete picture of the interactions with the environment of the olive oil sector. The LCA considers externalities of each phase of olive oil production towards human health, ecosystem quality and resource depletion and also economic and social impacts.

Finally, we will apply the LCA model to same Italian case studies in order to evaluate their environmental performance.

The principle of equality should regulate relations between men and women in both private and public life. Socialization in public institutions gender influenced characteristic, which may or may not overlap over the traditional model. The research aims to identify students at USAMV Bucharest views on equality between women and men, the significance of equality, which is the “dominating” factor within the family or in society. The research was conducted at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest on a research sample group of 375 respondents. Research results showcase that respondents consider that in Romania there is no real equality of rights between men and women and gender segregation is far-reaching, in the sense of a patriarchal role. On this background, there is an urgent need to implement gender policies that promote an egalitarian model that encourages a partnership within the family and in society.

Running a building energy simulation program (EnergyPlus), simulations were conducted on a ‘public housing’ building type, in order to evaluate the energy savings achieved by a green roof coupled with different configurations of external wall. EnergyPlus enabled the investigation of the thermal behaviour variations of the building envelope, and the possible consequences, in terms of comfort, on the temperature of the internal spaces. The variation of the energy behaviour of the building envelope type was assessed primarily through the analysis of the operative temperature T° of the elements of surface casing, the trend of the surface heat fluxes on the faces of the elements of internal and external housing, the variation of the operating temperature inside the rooms. The energy savings achieved with a green roof varies considerably in relation to the reference performance obtained without this kind of insulating structure. The main parameters, useful to define the contribution of the green roof to the reduction of the loads of cooling plants, consist of the specific climate and the thermal isolation level of the initial coverage.

This experiment has an object to study the response of four potato cultivars to paclobutrazol and paranet shade application in medium plain. Land height is about 700 m about sea level and experimental design in use is Split-Split Plot Design. Three factors used as treatment in this experiment are paranet shade of without shade (0%), shade of 30%, and 50%, four cultivars potato (Granola, Atlantic, Spunta, dan Raja) and regulator, Paclobutrazol (0 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm). The result shows interaction between paranet shade, cultivar, and paclobutrazol are affecting to height of plants. Interaction between paranet shade and paclobutrazol is affecting to tuber amount. Cultivar Atlantic with 50% paranet shade without application paclobutrazol shows tallest plants that is 69,33 cm and the shortest is 33,83 cm at cultivar raja without paranet shade and application paclobutrazol 100 ppm. The results of this research proved that the growth of potato affects by cultivar, paranet shade, and paclobutrazol application. The best observed plant height of potato was Atlantic cultivar attempted with 50% density of shade without paclobutrazol application. Moreover, Atlantic cultivar showed higher Leaf Surface Area Index (LAI) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) value. Otherwise, the best yield was showed by Granola cultivar, so Granola can be counted as adaptable cultivar in medium plain.

The concept of human smart landscape introduces a perspective of research where the landscape identifies a complex system of relationships among the various smart dimensions (smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, smart governance) and different interpretative approaches, overcoming the consideration of territory as a physical–geometrical reality at the service of economic aspects. The paper, starting from the evolution of the landscape's concept, focuses on the management of its complexity in the transformation processes included in the dynamic context of the landscape's cultural values and in the development strategies designed to support and strengthen these values. A multidimensional methodological framework, oriented to the evaluation and valorisation of landscape complex values, has been structured and tested in the National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni (Italy).