Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

Generalized AMMI (GAMMI) model has been widely used to model the Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI) with categorical (or in general, non-normal) response variables. It was developed by introduce the concept of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) into Additive Main Effect & Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. GAMMI model will provide two major results (i) the stability analysis of some genotypes across environments and (ii) determine some others that have site specific for particular environment through Biplot of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the interaction terms. This research will focus on major studies on counting data that is to round up the previous work of first author's on the Row Column Interaction Models (RCIMs) for the GEI by VGAM package of an R implementation with an addition on the deviance analysis. A simple illustrative comparison of both approaches (RCIM vs. GAMMI) was conducted on Poisson counting data of 4 rows × 5 columns. The defiance analysis was provided by log-likelihood of the model and ones of the residual. Deviance analysis will provide a way to determine the complexity of interaction component in the model, named by “rank” of model. The Biplot of both approaches seem not quite different. Finally, we did show that RCIMs be relied upon to fit well the GAMMI model and then applied it in an illustrative example to a real dataset. In addition, a simple scheme of simulation, adding some outlier on Poisson count data, will show an easy way handling the over dispersion problems, but firstly, we will talk about some statistical framework of Reduce Rank Regression (RR-VGLMs), the RCIMs, and then the approach of RCIMs for GAMMI models.

We propose the Net Waterfootprint (WFP_net) method to estimate the water footprint (WFP) of food products, in alternative to the current WFP method, based on absolute values. We compared the WFP and WFP_net methods for cattle milk and meat production in different feed efficiency (high and low) and crop water use efficiency (WUE; high, medium and low) scenarios under Mediterranean conditions. The WFP values were, on average, much higher than the WFP_net values for both meat and milk. The WFP_net method appears to be able to properly quantify the water consumption needed for animal food production.

Running a building energy simulation program (EnergyPlus), simulations were conducted on a ‘public housing’ building type, in order to evaluate the energy savings achieved by a green roof coupled with different configurations of external wall. EnergyPlus enabled the investigation of the thermal behaviour variations of the building envelope, and the possible consequences, in terms of comfort, on the temperature of the internal spaces. The variation of the energy behaviour of the building envelope type was assessed primarily through the analysis of the operative temperature T° of the elements of surface casing, the trend of the surface heat fluxes on the faces of the elements of internal and external housing, the variation of the operating temperature inside the rooms. The energy savings achieved with a green roof varies considerably in relation to the reference performance obtained without this kind of insulating structure. The main parameters, useful to define the contribution of the green roof to the reduction of the loads of cooling plants, consist of the specific climate and the thermal isolation level of the initial coverage.

Fermentation processes have proceeded without microbiological control until starter cultures came up in 19th Century. However, in some processes, such as wine making a widespread use of starter cultures did not come up until the end of the 20th Century, when the cellar-friendly active dry wine yeast (ADWY) were available. However, this practice was challenged for the uniformity that brought a limited number of commercially available presentations and new tendencies in wine making have withdrawn the use of ADWY. The return to non-controlled wine fermentations may have considerable set backs especially in terms of economical losses, as these wines have much higher risks of presenting different levels of spoilage (presence of unwanted compounds that will be organoleptically detectable) that will not be acceptable for the consumer.

The WILDWINE Project (EU contract 315065) proposed a system to overcome the criticism on the uniformity after use of ADWY by bringing “wild” microorganisms to the starter culture practice. The Project proposed mixed cultures as an alternative to single strain cultures that is the usual practice for starter cultures. This multi-strain and multi-species starter cultures aimed at reproducing the vineyard natural microbiota with the advantage of a selection of those strains and species that could add complexity to the final wines. The WILDWINE Project has focused the selection of this “wild” microorganism in 5 worldwide-recognised wine regions: Nemea and Crete (Greece), Piedmont (Italy), Bordeaux (France) and Priorat (Spain). The basic protocol was the same for all the regions: (i) to establish the natural biodiversity of the regions and determine the “microbial fingerprint” of the region, (ii) oenological screening of all the strains and species isolates to determine their quality for the wine making process and (iii) to use the microbial cocktails at pilot plants and in commercial cellars to determine the “microbial footprint” that the “wild” microorganisms leave on the final wines.

In the Priorat region, a limited number of different strains from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were detected after sampling cellars and vineyards in two different harvests (2012 and 2013). These low number of S. cerevisiae strains is in sharp contrast with the high biodiversity observed in the same area 18 years before when a selection of strains of this species was preformed to provide a commercial “autochthonous” strain for the Priorat region. Furthermore, the main species found in the vineyards were the yeast-like fungus Aerobasidium pullulans and Hanseniaspora uvarum. A. pullulans disappeared when grapes were turned into must and then H. uvarum and Candida zemplinina were the main species. Minority species found in musts and later in wines were Metschnokowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii.

Sustainable food systems for food security and nutrition becomes international issue and also at Indonesia. There are many efforts to reach sustainable food but all activities just focus on cultivation aspect. Conversely, strategy approach that involving farmer Internal potential, called entrepreneurship has not been used as a supporting policy. The objective of this study is to disseminate a new approach to increasing agricultural production, especially food production trough Farmer Entrepreneurship. There are three empirical studies to prove that farmer entrepreneurship as new method can increase to food production. All the study was conducted on rice farming. This research used Structural Equation Model as method to analysis data and model. Based on all the results of research shown that farmer entrepreneurship has a positive effect on rice production. Based on the results, so farmer's entrepreneurship can be used as a new approach in supporting agricultural development programs to go self-sufficient food. However, these empirical tests are important to be continued at other commodity, another location with different farmers and different cultures.

This study aims at investigating the nutritional value of the pumpkin fruits from different local populations of the Cucurbita pepo L., C. maxima Duch. and C. moschata Duch. ex Poir species. The chosen cultivars were: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 of local populations from Oltenia, Romania namely from Dolj and Olt counties. The pumpkin culture was established in the teaching field of the Faculty of Horticulture in Craiova. The chemical analysis of the pumpkin fruits was carried out using standard methods. There were determined: the dry matter content, the soluble substance content, the total carotenoid content, the antioxidant activity through the DPPH and Trolox method. There have also been studied the correlation coefficients between the quality parameters using the multiple correlation coefficients. The results show differences in the studied quality parameters. There was observed that the “Local population 6” has the highest total carotenoid content of 6.587 mg/100 f.m. and the local population 1 has the highest antioxidant activity of 0.284 mmol/l Trolox.

Alternative food networks (AFNs) are a comprehensive body of practices related to food provisioning which are different from the mainstream food systems. In this paper we deepen this topic from a sociological standpoint, focusing on a wide range of AFNs located in the Piemonte region of Italy. We articulate our analytical and empirical study focusing on three central concepts: 1) accessibility, which refers both to the point of sales to the agri-food goods; 2) sustainability, both from the environmental and the economic perspective; 3) quality, conceived as a contested field within which forms of coordination between actors can emerge.

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of oil production which is primarily used in feed industry. The application of the rapeseed meal as a protein source in food industry is an alternative which leads to a better and more complete use of this by-product. Biochemical characteristics of industrially produced rapeseed meal vary and therefore, detailed analyses prior to its use as a protein source is necessary. The commercial rapeseed meal evaluated in this study contained high protein amount (39.86%) and low residual total fats (2.30%). It was characterized with low levels of glucosinolates (12.69 ± 0.18 μmol/g) and phenols (1.13 ± 0.04%). Amino acid analysis revealed lysine as the first limiting amino acid with an amino acid score of 58.00%, followed by valine (66.86%). However, this by-product was rich in leucine and isoleucine which amino acid scores equaled to 97.60 and 88.67% respectively. The amino acid score evaluation demonstrated relatively high amount of sulphur containing amino acids (82.57%). The commercial rapeseed meal exhibited low in vitro digestibility (18.59 ± 0.98%). The albumin, globulin and glutelin fractions however, expressed higher digestibility with albumin fraction being the most susceptible (67.22 ± 1.28%) to pepsin and pancreatin proteolytic activities.

This paper concerns a study of compact system designed to ensure energy independence of buildings located in rural areas: the Off-Grid Box - OGB. This system is an integrated device, self-contained in a container, which provides and producers essential service and resources namely, electricity, hot water, clean water for washing and irrigation and a water purification process that pasteurized/distilled wastewater. The goal of study is to experiment the adoption in agriculture of technology solutions able to satisfy the energy needs (in terms of electricity) of small scale food producers in rural areas with high environmental and landscape value and to identify a compact modular system dedicated to family farming to reduce external inputs and waste. The specific objective is to find a winning solution for self-sufficiency (in off-grid vision) and reducing emissions of the small scale family farms, useful for the sedentary, semi-sedentary and mobile production and processing units. This study is focused on the potential of OGB to guarantee the energy needs of small slaughterhouses in a rural area of Umbria Region. These scenarios are interesting for small family farms that adopt sustainable models and methods of production with low environmental impact and low energy demand to define the indications for their winning energy planning.

Farmers in East Java, Indonesia have opinions of the agricultural hand tools that they wear. In farming activities they get injured due to the use of agricultural equipments. The most injury was in hand. Farmers feel fatigue/discomfort in different levels of their body part when using agricultural tools. Majority of farmers complained to suffer fatigue in upper back (92.8%), mid back (93.6%), and lower back (91.8%), respectively. The third major criteria's design of agricultural hand tools base on survey resulted are be safe, good and fit in hand, and easy to use. The ergonomic evaluation suggests their handle length and diameter to be 12.4 cm and 3.0 cm, respectively.