Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

A comprehensive study of interactive processes between soil, water, plant, animal and atmosphere to protect the natural resources requires knowledge of parameters and processes in different scales. Soil hydrological studies in North-East Germany were carried out in different scales, starting with laboratory, lysimeter measurements and in the field. The measurements of soil hydrological properties were executed with the Extended Evaporation Method (EEM) and the HYPROP device. A method for quantifying deep seepage and solute leaching under field conditions was developed, tested and applied at more than 40 soil hydrological field plots in NE Germany. The hypothesis was confirmed that arable land constitutes the main source of deep drainage and groundwater recharge in Northeast Germany. Deep seepage was strongly reduced under forest. For decision support on landscape renovation and land rededication by afforestation in NE Germany the seepage reduction under forest is to be taken into consideration, especially with respect to the conservation or restoration of wetlands in regions with negative climatic water balance. The EEM and the soil hydrological field method so called “virtual lysimeter” have the potential for the improvement of soil hydrological studies in Asia as a whole.

In this paper, authors collective present effect of two pesticides applied on maize seeds (Olt variety), Gaucho 600 FS (8.0 l/tonne) and Nuprid 600 FS (8.0 l/tona) and two insecticides applied in vegetation, Calypso 480 SC (90 ml/ha) and Decis Mega (150 ml/ha) against maize leaf weevil attack, at NARDI Fundulea. Also, it performed productivity elements and seeds yields and chemical compozition on Laboratory of Yields Quality of Plant Science Department, Bucharest Faculty of Agriculture. The higher insecticides effectiveness fluctuated between 4.56 when it was applied Nuprid 600 FS and 8.33 when it was applied Calypso 480 SC.

The largest attack was recorded to control plots where there is no treatment was applied. The density of plants ranged between 116 and 118 plants/plot, respectively over 65% of saved plants by treatment on seeds with both insecticides. In case of spraying insecticides in vegetation, their effect were insignificant, 31 plants/plot density and 17% saved plants in case of Calypso 480 SC and 16.75 plants/plots density and 9.31% saved plants in case of Decis Mega. The largest yields was of 7,778 kg/ha at insecticides variant with the best effectiveness and density of 65,690 plants/ha. Insecticides showed no influence on chemical composition of seeds at harvesting. But due to high temperatures and drought, the maize seeds accumulated: 12.31% protein; 70.18% starch; 5.05% oil; 1.46% ash; 5.24% fibre.

The world turns quickly in the current phase of globalization, and the themes of sustainable development are part of this transformation. In this context the territory plays a fundamental role. The importance of the territory is underlined especially in cases of natural disasters that cause serious damage both material and social, thus affecting the wellbeing of entire communities. It is time to change significantly the way to govern the problem. The territory must be preserved, managed and promoted with an holistic approach so that it can deploy to local population the full potential of intelligent and cognitive system based on the new paradigm of the tradi-ovation. This work introduce a new approach which can address new generations to understand the territory for a new era of people wellbeing.

Dependence of most Indonesian people on rice as their staple food would be very detrimental when the government is unable to meet its needs. Therefore, there must be food substitutes that come from local commodities, which are cheap and easily available, namely cassava. The problems is, that local food substitutes of rice constrained by the relatively more complex processing. This study aims to identify the variety of processed food and processed food industry characteristics based on cassava. The location determined by purposive research was Trenggalek, Tulungagung and Malang Regency, which was the center casava production. The research sample was determined by snowball sampling method. The data analysis used descriptive analysis. The study showed that the variety of processed food based on cassava that were found in the area of research is jemblem, sawut, lupis, tiwul, gatot and lemet. This processed food industry had the characteristics: the amount of labor done by 1-3 people and comes from a family of his own; using very simple technology; the resources are relatively few, 1-5 kg once the production process; capital comes from their own money as the amount was relatively small; local area marketing; and product oriented based businness.

Sustainability is progressively gaining importance in the winegrowing sector. Implementing this concept implies environmental soundness, social equity and economic feasibility. A proliferation of initiatives to develop the sustainable production of wine started officially in Italy since the year 2010. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the reshaping of Sicilian winegrowing according to the ‘Triple bottom line’ approach to sustainability. By analyzing the case-study of the Tasca d’Almerita firm, pilot farm of various national projects in wine-sustainability, we found that adopting sustainable operative, organizational and competitive strategies has lead to a well-managed and growing business with positive socio-economic implications at the local level.

Considerable the amounts of Wader (Rasbora jacobsoni) are abundant in Indonesia for all year and also have a low economic value. By using Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) protease, production of wader protein hydrolysate (WPH) as food ingredients and industrial product may be possible. Hydrolysis condition was proposed depend on the effects of the time (t) (0, 1.5, and 3 hours), and enzyme concentration (E) (1, 2, and 3% (v/w)) on the degree of soluble protein. Significant differences were observed on chemical and biochemical characteristics of WPH. In addition, functional properties of WPH are described, including solubility, rancidity, maillard, water-holding capacity, emulsification, and foam-forming capacity. The composition of amino acids was observed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest proteolytic activity was at 3 hours and 3% (v/w) of enzyme concentration. The WPH contained of high protein solubility (65.90 mg/ml) and glutamate acids (12.72% (w/w)). The properties indicated that WPH was suitable for using as flavor enhancer with wide range of applications in the food industry.

The promotion of renewable energy represents a target of the European 2020 strategy for growth.

Plant biomass and organic wastes from agriculture represent an effective resource to be exploited for a sustainable rural development, optimizing the land use, diversifying rural entrepreneurship.

Cereals are considered a promising biomass producing crop in temperate regions of Europe to be used for both fuel alcohol and biogas production.

In particular, triticale shows a number of advantages such as high grain yield even in marginal environments, tolerance to drought, tolerance to more acid soils, low susceptibility to biotic stresses and is known to have reduced production costs.

The characteristics of triticale were reviewed, focusing on bio-energy applications.

Furthermore, data from a two-year experiment carried out in Italy using nine triticale lines grown in marginal areas close to Bracciano, Italy, were reported. A bread wheat variety selected for bio-energy application, EW9, were also included for a more complete analysis. Traits such as day-to-heading, plant height, number of plants, number of spikes, grain yields were analysed. Preliminary results concerning biogas potential of biomass consisting of triticale hay harvested at milky-dough phase were also measured and results are reported.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean lecithin and egg yolk on semen quality of Boer goats. Semen of the three Boer bucks was collected using artificial vagina. In the first experiment, the semen samples were preserved in liquid state and subsequently were diluted with Tris-fructose-citric acid (TFC), Tris-fructose-citric acid + 1.5% soybean lecithin (TFCSL) and Tris-fructose-citric acid + 2.5% egg yolk (TFCEY). In the second experiment, the semen samples were cryopreserved in various freezing media as the same treatment with experiment 1. The results from the first experiment indicated that sperm motility and viability in TFCEY were significantly greater than those of TFCSL (P<0.05). In the second experiment, there was no difference in post-thawing quality of semen in TFCEY and TFCSL. In conclusion, extender containing 1.5% soybean lecithin is an alternative for the preparation for freezing goat semen.

Practical application of Trichoderma biostimulant strains requires biocompatible formulations, with an increased shelf-life. Dry flowable / water-dispersive granules are agricultural inputs formulations with an improved safety for environment and end-users. Due to their granular nature, such formulations do not produce dust and are less prone to absorb air humidity. Their lower variability on water activity reduces microbial contamination risks and enhances formulated microorganism survival. We developed a procedure for spray-drying alginate encapsulated high density conidia, with antioxidant protection. This spray-drying process assure a good survival of dried conidia and it is easy to be scale-up. We further formulate the resulting spray-dried flowable powder, using a CO₂ generating dispersant system, based on polyacrylic acid, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol as adhesives and lecithin as wetting agent. Our proposed dispersant system avoids clump formation, which is highly possible on the formulated microorganisms, due to the hydrocolloid characteristics of dried propagules and of biocompatible adhesives, such as polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethylcellulose. Physico-chemical characteristics determined for our formulation correspond with those established as standard for agrochemicals, demonstrating the compatibility of our dry flowable bioproducts with the usual application technology, spraying of pressurized diluted suspension of formulated products through nozzles. The biological activities, e.g. production of biological actives volatiles and degradation of lignocellulose material, of formulated biostimulant strains was maintained during formulation process and on dry flowable products stored for 12 months at room temperature.

Involved in a deep restructuring process that began over 25 years ago, Romanian agriculture has a stringent need for modernisation and streamlining. Agricultural consultancy is one of the main means for accomplishing the objectives comprised in the National Program for Rural Development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Romanian farmers’ degree of satisfaction regarding the agricultural consulting services they have benefitted from. The study reveals the main reasons why Romanian farmers appeal to an agricultural consultant. We further evaluate the quality of the farmer-consultant relationship on multiple dimensions and identify the farmers’ main reason of discontentment regarding the delivered consulting services. Therefore, the research can be a starting point for improving and adapting agricultural consulting services, in accordance to the necessities and capabilities of the targeted farmers.