Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

The paper aimed to present high pressure processing of food used to process liquid and solid foods with a high content of moisture. When using high pressure processing, microorganisms are destroyed, but covalent bonds do not break and the effect on processed food is minimal. In addition, the positive effect consists of the avoidance of excessive thermal treatments and chemical preservatives. High pressure has a small effect on low-molecular-weight compounds such as flavor compounds, vitamins, and pigments compared to thermal processes. Therefore, the quality of high pressure pasteurized food is very similar to that of fresh food products. The quality of foodstuffs during their shelf life is influenced to a greater extent by subsequent distribution and storage temperatures or by packaging rather than by the pressure treatment itself. Food products can be HPP in a batch system or a semi-continuous process. During HPP, the pressure is applied uniformly and simultaneously in all directions. After HPP the food will not return to its original size and shape due to pressure differences between the compressibility of air and water, unless the food is perfectly elastic. Pressure is instantaneously and uniformly transmitted independent of the size and geometry of food. Resultant pressure regulates most subsequent biochemical reactions occurring in treated products. This article provides an overview of current technology status.

Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) is non-ionizing and non-termal radiation. The previous research result was proven that prevalence death of Salmonella typhimurium in the fisiology liquid that has positive correlation with exposure intensity, but without exposure duration. The exposure of ELF 646.7 μT magnetic field during 30 minutes gives higher Salmonella death impact rather than 60 minutes and 90 minutes exposure. The objective of this research was to determine dose effectiveness of ELF magnetic field exposure in Gado-Gado fresh food as sterilization alternative method from Salmonella typhimurium. The sample in this research was Gado-Gado (containing of seasoning and vegetables) which was gotten from the street vendors around Jember University campus. The dose of ELF magnetic field exposure that be tested was on 646.7 μT with exposure during 30 minutes. The dose effectiveness of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with 646.7 μT intensity during 30 minutes was proven can decrease Salmonella typhimurium population in Gado-Gado by inhibition effectiveness was shown by the destruction percentage in Gado-Gado seasoning was 56% and in Gado-Gado vegetables was 17%. According to the result of this research, it could be concluded that ELF magnetic field radiation has potency as the sterilization alternative method of fresh food which was cheap and safe from Salmonella typhimurium.

The aim of this paper is to present the results regarding the yield and the yield components we have obtained at two triticale varieties studied under different preceding crops, different soil tillage conditions, and different nitrogen application conditions. In this respect, two triticale varieties (Tulus and Gorun 1) were studied under the following technological conditions: two preceding crop (sunflower and maize), two soil tillage (ploughing and harrowing), and six nitrogen application variants (0+0+0 kg.ha^-1, 40+40+40 kg.ha^-1, 40+80+0 kg.ha^-1, 0+40+80 kg.ha^-1, 0+80+40 kg.ha^-1, and 0+120+0 kg.ha^-1, respectively first application in autumn, before seedbed preparation, second application in spring, in the tillering growing stage, and third application in spring, in the two nodes growing stage). Researches were performed in a field experiment under rainfed conditions in the agricultural year 2013-2014. The field experiment was located on a reddish preluvosoil within the Experimental Farm Moara Domneasca (44° 29’44” North latitude and 26° 15’28.5” East longitude) belonging to the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. There were determined the yield at 14% moisture content, the number of ears per square meter, the yield components of the ears (ear length; number of fertile spikelets per ear; number of sterile spikelets per ear; number of grains per ear; number of grains per spikelet; grain weight per ear), and the yield quality (thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight, protein contend and starch content of the grains).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive source of cells for cell therapy in veterinary medicine. Recent interest in stem cell biology and its therapeutic potential has led to search for accessible new sources of stem cells. Wharton‘s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent with specific potential to differentiate into multiple lineages.

The aim of our study was the isolation, characterization and multilineage differentiation of Wharton‘s Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from canine umbilical cord following Caesarean section.

Our data confirmed that the isolated and cultivated mesenchymal stem cells have multipotent based on specific surface antigen expressing and differentiation capacity.

The present paper aimed to make an empirical analysis of farm structure and land concentration in Romania and the EU-28 in the period 2003-2013. Index method, comparison method, Gini coefficient and index, and concentration index were used to characterize the dynamics and structure of the number of holdings, utilized agricultural area, standard output, average farm size in terms of land area and standard output, concentration degree of land in the top 10% largest farms. While the number of farms is going down, the average holding size increased to 3.66 ha/farm in Romania and 16.1 ha the EU-28. About 0.57% of farms with more than 50 ha are working 52.43% of the utilized land. Economic efficiency of the Romanian agriculture is the smallest in the EU, Euro 3.30 thousand/farm, 10.7 times less than the EU average. About 83% of the farms produced less than Euro 4,000/holding. The unequal concentration of farms in Romania is attested by Gini value 0.582, and Concentration index 73% meaning that the top 10% farms keep a huge agricultural land, compared to the farms belonging to other size classes. Romania comes on the following positions in the EU-28: 1st position for the number of holdings (33.6%), 6th position for the utilized area (7.47%), 26th position for average farm size (3.6 ha), 27th position for the number of farms with more than 50 ha (0.57%), 20th position for the land worked by the farms with over 50 ha (52.13%), 28th position for standard output/farm (Euro 3.3 thousand), 6th position for its contribution to the EU standard output, 6th position for Gini coefficient value and Concentration index which included the country in the sharp dual category. So, farm structure and land concentration in Romania is running on the right way, but it is still a long-term process to the optimal farm size which could assure a higher economic efficiency.

Oligosaccharides were obtained from different agriculture residues by using non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) degrading enzymes (Pentozyme®) hydrolysis method. Pentozyme consist of mixture of xylanase, amylase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, and pectinase. Agricultural residues including sugar palm peel, pine apple peel, spent tea leaves, spent coffee grounds, brewer's spent grain, copra meal, and rice straw were used as a source for oligosaccharide production. At the end of hydrolysis, reducing sugar and oligosaccharides content of all samples were measured. The results showed that reducing sugar content was significantly different (P<0.05) among the samples with spent tea leaves produced the highest reducing sugar and oligosaccharide after hydrolysis. Therefore, spent tea leaves were used in the subsequent experiment to evaluate its prebiotic properties. Results showed that the extract were able to inhibits growth of pathogen and support the growth of beneficial bacteria.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with high individual, social and economic costs. Diet has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke in several large epidemiological studies. The evaluation of foods groups and dietary patterns provides a more realistic representation of actual dietary intake, and gives clues to developing guidelines aimed at general population. We review the role of Mediterranean diet, fruit and vegetables, and olive oil consumption, on the risk of stroke and other vascular outcomes. Findings from major studies indicate that, together with a healthy lifestyle, the traditional Mediterranean way of eating, including social and cultural components, and inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, may be considered a cost-effective intervention to reduce the human, social and economic burden of stroke and cardiovascular disease.

Crop growth period and the length of the phenological stages on plant are directly affected by climate condition. Therefore, seasonal climate fluctuations such as maximum and minimum daily temperature changing and precipitation rates are important for quantity of annual corn production in Mediterranean area. This study was carried out to determination of dry matter, biomass, relative growth rate (RGR) values in eleven phenological stages [4 leaf (V4), 8 leaf (V8), 12 leaf (V12), 16 leaf (V16), tasseling (VT), silking (R1), blister (R2), milk (R3), dough (R4), dent (R5) and maturity (R6)] of corn during the period 2005, 2006 and 2007 in Aydın location, which is characteristically Mediterranean weather condition in Turkey. Additionally, calculated growing degree days (GDD), per ear weight, plant and ear height (cm), blank tip of ear (shriveled remnants of kernels because of ineffective pollination) (cm) were measured throughout the phenological stages. The data of the study is average of 31G98 and 32K61 corn hybrids value. It is seeming that a significantly differences amongst the years which the field study establishment. All properties except to per ear weight were significantly affected to years. Maximum dry matter and biomass values on the phenological stages were measured in 2005. Maximum per ear weight, plant and ear height values were also obtained from the first year of the experiment. However maximum blank tip of ear value was obtained from 2007. It is suggested that three parameters should be used for yield estimating and determination of biomass and dry matter values among phenological stages of corn. These parameters are: (i) calculating GDD values, (ii) rainfall amounts and air humidity of the years and (iii) determining the number of days when daily temperature rises above 37.5^oC during growth in stages of corn.

Tropical peatlands are being subjected to the consequences of rapid economic development without any consideration of the importance of sustainable management practices. Sustainable management of tropical peatlands is an important element in controlling carbon emission. However, the available information of tropical peatlands lacks of accuracy and is outdated, especially in terms of medium to high resolution. Thus, development of reliable monitoring techniques is a significant step towards the sustainable management of tropical peatlands. The remote sensing (RS) application is suitable as a tool to monitor tropical peatlands, whereas direct measurements are generally labor-intensive, time-consuming and limited to accessibility. In this study, methodology to identify degraded tropical peatland was developed by using the McFeeters Normalized Difference Water Index (McFeeters-NDWI), which was derived by Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) data. Additionally, a seasonal analysis was carried out to examine the characteristics of degraded tropical peatland during the rainy and dry seasons from the viewpoint of the medium to high resolution of optical RS. Overall, a relationship was discovered such that the wet shrub class was considered as the degraded tropical peatland area, and was identified as being in between -0.43 to -0.11 of the McFeeters-NDWI value. The wet-shrub class yielded a producer's accuracy of 80.6% and a user's accuracy of 91.8%. Afterwards, the seasonal change was discovered to slightly shift the threshold values (TrVs) in the identification of degraded tropical peatland by as much as -0.05. However, the interval of the TrVs for the wet shrub class was stable and remained unchanged.

The new shape of competition is pushing wine firms to invest into new technologies. Given the growing interests in this area, we provide evidence on the determinants of the adoption of the new technologies industry. On the basis of a survey on Italian companies, the main investments in innovations and their key drivers are investigated. We tested whether firm characteristics impact the adoption as well as absorptive capacity, networking and shared knowledge among firms and research institutions and demand factors. Drivers are explored throughout an econometric model. Results lead to policy implications that could be useful to develop supportive actions to innovation.