D. Anastasakos‐Paraskevopoulos, C. Sarafidis, M. Giannouri, V. Alexandrakis, I. Panagiotopoulos
Memory Shape Magnetic Alloys, especially Heusler alloys, are important materials in replacing conventional cooling with magnetic systems. In the present study off stoichiometric Heusler alloys with nominal composition Χ50Υ25+xΖ25‐x (X = Ni; Y = Mn; Z = Sn; x = 13,14) were prepared by arc melting followed by thermal treatment. Structural properties were analyzed with X‐ray diffraction at room temperature (RT) and at elevated temperatures, above the martensite – austenite transition area, in order to determine the relevant crystallographic parameters and observe the transition. Martensite stabilization at RT appears to be a challenge, coexistence of martensite – austenite phases was observed and calculated for both 38‐12 and 39‐11 (16% and 12% austenite respectively). Magnetization measurements versus temperature and field were recorded in the areas of interest where 1st order transitions were expected (355 K for x=13 and 408 K for x=14), and the magnetic entropy's changes (ΔSm) were determined (0.4 (J/kgK) for x=13 and 0.3 J/(kgK) for x=14; Hmax=1T). The complex character of the magnetic properties and their dependence on Mn‐Sn ratio and on the distance between Mn atoms is discussed. The structure and the lattice parameters were determined using an anisotropic strain broadening model; stress and strain were detected in the structure due to crystal phase coexistence.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
记忆形状磁性合金，尤其是 Heusler 合金，是用磁性系统取代传统冷却系统的重要材料。本研究通过电弧熔化和热处理制备了标称成分为Χ50Υ25+xΖ25-x（X = Ni; Y = Mn; Z = Sn; x = 13,14）的非化学计量 Heusler 合金。在室温（RT）和高于马氏体-奥氏体转变区的高温下，用 X 射线衍射分析了结构特性，以确定相关的晶体学参数并观察转变过程。马氏体在室温（RT）下的稳定似乎是一个挑战，在 38-12 和 39-11 （奥氏体分别为 16% 和 12%）中观察到马氏体和奥氏体相共存，并进行了计算。在预计会发生一阶转变的相关区域（x=13 时为 355 K，x=14 时为 408 K）记录了磁化率随温度和磁场变化的测量结果，并确定了磁熵变化（ΔSm）（x=13 时为 0.4 (J/kgK) ，x=14 时为 0.3 J/(kgK)；Hmax=1T）。本文讨论了磁性的复杂特性及其与锰硒比和锰原子间距离的关系。本文受版权保护。本文受版权保护。
{"title":"Investigation of the magnetic and structural properties in the non‐stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni50Mn25+xSn25‐x; x=13,14.","authors":"D. Anastasakos‐Paraskevopoulos, C. Sarafidis, M. Giannouri, V. Alexandrakis, I. Panagiotopoulos","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400014","url":null,"abstract":"Memory Shape Magnetic Alloys, especially Heusler alloys, are important materials in replacing conventional cooling with magnetic systems. In the present study off stoichiometric Heusler alloys with nominal composition Χ50Υ25+xΖ25‐x (X = Ni; Y = Mn; Z = Sn; x = 13,14) were prepared by arc melting followed by thermal treatment. Structural properties were analyzed with X‐ray diffraction at room temperature (RT) and at elevated temperatures, above the martensite – austenite transition area, in order to determine the relevant crystallographic parameters and observe the transition. Martensite stabilization at RT appears to be a challenge, coexistence of martensite – austenite phases was observed and calculated for both 38‐12 and 39‐11 (16% and 12% austenite respectively). Magnetization measurements versus temperature and field were recorded in the areas of interest where 1st order transitions were expected (355 K for x=13 and 408 K for x=14), and the magnetic entropy's changes (ΔSm) were determined (0.4 (J/kgK) for x=13 and 0.3 J/(kgK) for x=14; Hmax=1T). The complex character of the magnetic properties and their dependence on Mn‐Sn ratio and on the distance between Mn atoms is discussed. The structure and the lattice parameters were determined using an anisotropic strain broadening model; stress and strain were detected in the structure due to crystal phase coexistence.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nongjai, Manju Bala, S. Khan, S. Annapoorni, K. Asokan
The present study focuses on the modification induced by 200 MeV Ag15+ and 100 MeV O7+ ion irradiations on the structural, surface morphological, and magnetic properties of radio frequency sputtered CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown on SiO2/Si (100) substrates. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows amorphization of the CFO thin films when irradiated with Ag ions and varies with fluences. This effect is absent in the case of O ion irradiated CFO films. These results are consistent with the measurements from the Raman spectroscopy where the intensities of Eg and T2g modes are significantly reduced and further disappear in the high fluence. The surface morphology of the O ion irradiated films is dramatically different from the pristine and Ag ion irradiated films where the surfaces appear in nanopillars‐like patterns. The topography of the O ion irradiated films appears to be like hill and valley structures, the roughness first increases (from 10.11 nm to 24.39 nm). Then it decreases to 18.93 nm on further increasing ion fluence. The coercivity, remnant magnetization, and saturation magnetization increase upon irradiation at low fluence 5×1011 ions/cm2 for both the ion beams and then downturn with the increase of fluence 5×1012 ions/cm2. The changes in the magnetic and structural characteristics are ascribed to the defects induced by ion irradiation. These results are understood based on the structural and surface modifications induced by the electronic excitation of Ag and O ions. The study depicts that a controlled selection of ions and beam fluence can tailor the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of ferrite films.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Modification induced by electronic excitation in CoFe2O4 thin films: Structural, morphological, and magnetic properties","authors":"R. Nongjai, Manju Bala, S. Khan, S. Annapoorni, K. Asokan","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300136","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on the modification induced by 200 MeV Ag15+ and 100 MeV O7+ ion irradiations on the structural, surface morphological, and magnetic properties of radio frequency sputtered CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown on SiO2/Si (100) substrates. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows amorphization of the CFO thin films when irradiated with Ag ions and varies with fluences. This effect is absent in the case of O ion irradiated CFO films. These results are consistent with the measurements from the Raman spectroscopy where the intensities of Eg and T2g modes are significantly reduced and further disappear in the high fluence. The surface morphology of the O ion irradiated films is dramatically different from the pristine and Ag ion irradiated films where the surfaces appear in nanopillars‐like patterns. The topography of the O ion irradiated films appears to be like hill and valley structures, the roughness first increases (from 10.11 nm to 24.39 nm). Then it decreases to 18.93 nm on further increasing ion fluence. The coercivity, remnant magnetization, and saturation magnetization increase upon irradiation at low fluence 5×1011 ions/cm2 for both the ion beams and then downturn with the increase of fluence 5×1012 ions/cm2. The changes in the magnetic and structural characteristics are ascribed to the defects induced by ion irradiation. These results are understood based on the structural and surface modifications induced by the electronic excitation of Ag and O ions. The study depicts that a controlled selection of ions and beam fluence can tailor the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of ferrite films.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Friedrich, Neha Malagimani, S. Michaelis, Joachim Wegener
Insects are a major part of the planet´s ecosystem and their vital role as pollinators for agriculture is undisputed. Alongside factors as climate change or loss of habitats, rising use of pesticides emerges as a key threat to insect populations. For fighting this man‐made problem, development of an easy, fast, sensitive and non‐invasive biosensor for determining pesticide toxicity may help to ban harmful substances and formulations. Here, a biosensor based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells as sensors and electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as physical transducer is described. Sf21 cell suspensions and well‐defined pesticide solutions were mixed immediately before seeding on planar gold‐film electrodes. The capacitance at 20 kHz was recorded as a function of time as a measurand for cell adhesion providing dose‐response profiles of pesticide impact. For future in‐field applications, decoupling of the cell culture routines from the actual cytotoxicity assay is mandatory. Thus, suspensions of Sf21 cells were cryopreserved at –80°C in the wells of multi‐electrode arrays and thawed anytime for conducting the assays. Five pesticides were tested for their concentration dependent cytotoxicity expressed as EC50 values by ECIS and validated using the well‐established WST‐1 cell viability assay. Results were found to be in good agreement. Our studies revealed cytotoxic effects of some pesticides sold for home usage far below the recommended concentration and were found to be more toxic than formulations sold for agricultural industry only.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Development of a label‐free, impedance‐based biosensor to identify harmful effects of pesticides on insect cells","authors":"Sandra Friedrich, Neha Malagimani, S. Michaelis, Joachim Wegener","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400032","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are a major part of the planet´s ecosystem and their vital role as pollinators for agriculture is undisputed. Alongside factors as climate change or loss of habitats, rising use of pesticides emerges as a key threat to insect populations. For fighting this man‐made problem, development of an easy, fast, sensitive and non‐invasive biosensor for determining pesticide toxicity may help to ban harmful substances and formulations. Here, a biosensor based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells as sensors and electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as physical transducer is described. Sf21 cell suspensions and well‐defined pesticide solutions were mixed immediately before seeding on planar gold‐film electrodes. The capacitance at 20 kHz was recorded as a function of time as a measurand for cell adhesion providing dose‐response profiles of pesticide impact. For future in‐field applications, decoupling of the cell culture routines from the actual cytotoxicity assay is mandatory. Thus, suspensions of Sf21 cells were cryopreserved at –80°C in the wells of multi‐electrode arrays and thawed anytime for conducting the assays. Five pesticides were tested for their concentration dependent cytotoxicity expressed as EC50 values by ECIS and validated using the well‐established WST‐1 cell viability assay. Results were found to be in good agreement. Our studies revealed cytotoxic effects of some pesticides sold for home usage far below the recommended concentration and were found to be more toxic than formulations sold for agricultural industry only.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Angelini, E. Manobianco, P. Pellacani, F. Floris, Franco Marabelli
Plasmonic gratings provide an advantageous platform for fluorescence sensing due to their compatibility with functionalization techniques, imaging detection, and the potential for signal enhancement. Among traditional fluorescence detection methods, microscopes are commonly used tools. The interaction between dye fluorescence processes and the plasmonic modes of the grating strongly depends on the measurement configuration and is influenced by the dispersion and spectral characteristics of the plasmonic modes. In our study, we investigated the angular behavior of the fluorescence emission from ATTO700 dye by varying the collection angle using a standard optical microscope coupled with a spectrometer. Our results show a clear dependence of fluorescence emission in terms of spectral shape on the collection angle that can be attributed to plasmonic mode dispersion.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Fluorescence emission angular dependence on a nanostructured plasmonic grating","authors":"M. Angelini, E. Manobianco, P. Pellacani, F. Floris, Franco Marabelli","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300090","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic gratings provide an advantageous platform for fluorescence sensing due to their compatibility with functionalization techniques, imaging detection, and the potential for signal enhancement. Among traditional fluorescence detection methods, microscopes are commonly used tools. The interaction between dye fluorescence processes and the plasmonic modes of the grating strongly depends on the measurement configuration and is influenced by the dispersion and spectral characteristics of the plasmonic modes. In our study, we investigated the angular behavior of the fluorescence emission from ATTO700 dye by varying the collection angle using a standard optical microscope coupled with a spectrometer. Our results show a clear dependence of fluorescence emission in terms of spectral shape on the collection angle that can be attributed to plasmonic mode dispersion.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zamparas, M. Athanasiou, Nikolaos Samartzis, V. Dracopoulos, S. Yannopoulos, T. Ioannides
Conventional synthetic sorbents for oil spill cleanup are the most widely employed materials, although a major drawback is the extensive chemical modification that they have undergone, making them economically and environmentally non‐sustainable. The use of inexpensive, abundant, non‐toxic, biodegradable, and reusable lignocellulosic materials might be an alternative to conventional sorbents, with obvious positive impact on sustainability and circular economy. The present study subsequently utilizes the well‐established process, of converting grape molasses ‐ a byproduct of the winemaking industry that represents a typical and abundant source of biomass – into a laser‐assisted graphene‐like product (LA‐B). Comparative experiments were carried out with two additional materials that are similarly produced by the same laser‐assisted method, yet use synthetic polyimide (PI) foil and tape polymers as precursors, namely LA‐F and LA‐T. The results showed that diesel oil adsorption capacity of LA‐B was 33.5 g/g, while the ultra‐oleophilic LA‐T adsorbed 57 g/g and LA‐F adsorbed 41 g/g. Furthermore, the crude oil uptake was 31.1, 56.0 and 38.6 g/g for LA‐B, LA‐T and LA‐F respectively. The adsorption of oil on the used materials could be well‐described by pseudo‐second order kinetics, showing that over 80% of oil was removed from water within 15 min.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Laser‐assisted graphene‐like materials for oil‐spill clean up","authors":"M. Zamparas, M. Athanasiou, Nikolaos Samartzis, V. Dracopoulos, S. Yannopoulos, T. Ioannides","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300114","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional synthetic sorbents for oil spill cleanup are the most widely employed materials, although a major drawback is the extensive chemical modification that they have undergone, making them economically and environmentally non‐sustainable. The use of inexpensive, abundant, non‐toxic, biodegradable, and reusable lignocellulosic materials might be an alternative to conventional sorbents, with obvious positive impact on sustainability and circular economy. The present study subsequently utilizes the well‐established process, of converting grape molasses ‐ a byproduct of the winemaking industry that represents a typical and abundant source of biomass – into a laser‐assisted graphene‐like product (LA‐B). Comparative experiments were carried out with two additional materials that are similarly produced by the same laser‐assisted method, yet use synthetic polyimide (PI) foil and tape polymers as precursors, namely LA‐F and LA‐T. The results showed that diesel oil adsorption capacity of LA‐B was 33.5 g/g, while the ultra‐oleophilic LA‐T adsorbed 57 g/g and LA‐F adsorbed 41 g/g. Furthermore, the crude oil uptake was 31.1, 56.0 and 38.6 g/g for LA‐B, LA‐T and LA‐F respectively. The adsorption of oil on the used materials could be well‐described by pseudo‐second order kinetics, showing that over 80% of oil was removed from water within 15 min.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolai Desch, Angela Rheindorf, Cornelia Fassbender, Marc Sloot, Markus Lake
Photocatalytic coatings have the potential to contribute to the purification of water via an advanced oxidation process (AOP) [1]. A commonly used method for analyzing the mechanism of the photocatalytic performance of a given reactor type is to document the degradation behavior in a solution containing methylene blue. However, since methylene blue is rather unstable, the degradation results should be viewed critically. In this work, the degradation behavior of a test solution with methylene blue on quartz glass surfaces coated with photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) of the anatase modification was investigated through a variety of different light sources. The coating was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) with the reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering ion plating (MSIP) method described in [2], while the quartz glasses were coated with a 100 nm thick TiO2 coating on the outside. The same glasses were used for all experiments with TiO2. In the determination of the degradation rate, additional experiments were performed using pure quartz glass without any coating, which made it possible to examine the influence of different light sources on the degradation rate of methylene blue in general. Three different light sources, namely UV‐A, UV‐C, and simple fluorescent lamps were used in this study. The concentration of methylene blue was recorded by photo spectrometer in 10‐minute increments throughout the experiment and the experiments were performed for 24 hours in all cases. Our data indicates that the methylene blue test is a poor method because the degradation rate is not clearly differentiable due to the low stability of the test substance. Without including reference testing in the absence of a catalyst, data may be subject to misinterpretation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by anatase TiO2 coating","authors":"Nikolai Desch, Angela Rheindorf, Cornelia Fassbender, Marc Sloot, Markus Lake","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300081","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic coatings have the potential to contribute to the purification of water via an advanced oxidation process (AOP) [1]. A commonly used method for analyzing the mechanism of the photocatalytic performance of a given reactor type is to document the degradation behavior in a solution containing methylene blue. However, since methylene blue is rather unstable, the degradation results should be viewed critically. In this work, the degradation behavior of a test solution with methylene blue on quartz glass surfaces coated with photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) of the anatase modification was investigated through a variety of different light sources. The coating was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) with the reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering ion plating (MSIP) method described in [2], while the quartz glasses were coated with a 100 nm thick TiO2 coating on the outside. The same glasses were used for all experiments with TiO2. In the determination of the degradation rate, additional experiments were performed using pure quartz glass without any coating, which made it possible to examine the influence of different light sources on the degradation rate of methylene blue in general. Three different light sources, namely UV‐A, UV‐C, and simple fluorescent lamps were used in this study. The concentration of methylene blue was recorded by photo spectrometer in 10‐minute increments throughout the experiment and the experiments were performed for 24 hours in all cases. Our data indicates that the methylene blue test is a poor method because the degradation rate is not clearly differentiable due to the low stability of the test substance. Without including reference testing in the absence of a catalyst, data may be subject to misinterpretation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study demonstrates evidence that the mass transfer process of an enzyme (a biocatalyst) is the rate‐limiting step in the starch hydrolysis reaction during food digestion. The significance of this work has been to compare the reaction rate of starch hydrolysis by salivary enzymes with the mass transfer rate of rate‐limiting enzymes. This research has applied mass transfer and reaction engineering theory in a quantitative study of starch hydrolysis, and a dimensionless group, the Damköhler number (Da), has been calculated based on glucose measurements from a beaker and stirrer system. The values of the Da number in this study (0.3‐19) indicate that both the time constant for mass transfer and the time constant for reaction are significant parameters. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images emphasize that compression (simulated mastication) helps to break the plant cell wall of starch. Mass‐transfer resistance needs to be considered during food digestion studies. The Da numbers are significantly affected by both compression forces (internal mass‐transfer coefficients) and stirrer speeds (external mass‐transfer coefficients) in this beaker and stirrer system.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
这项研究证明，酶（生物催化剂）的传质过程是食物消化过程中淀粉水解反应的限速步骤。这项工作的意义在于将唾液酶水解淀粉的反应速率与限速酶的传质速率进行比较。这项研究在淀粉水解的定量研究中应用了传质和反应工程理论，并根据烧杯和搅拌器系统的葡萄糖测量值计算出一个无量纲组--达姆克勒数（Da）。本研究中的 Da 值（0.3-19）表明，传质时间常数和反应时间常数都是重要参数。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示，压缩（模拟咀嚼）有助于打破淀粉的植物细胞壁。在食品消化研究中需要考虑质量转移阻力。在该烧杯和搅拌器系统中，Da 值受到压缩力（内部传质系数）和搅拌器速度（外部传质系数）的明显影响。本文受版权保护。
{"title":"Comparing Mass Transfer and Reaction Rate Kinetics in Starch Hydrolysis during Food Digestion","authors":"Yongmei Sun, Zelin Zhou, Chao Zhong, Zexin Lei, Timothy Langrish","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400023","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates evidence that the mass transfer process of an enzyme (a biocatalyst) is the rate‐limiting step in the starch hydrolysis reaction during food digestion. The significance of this work has been to compare the reaction rate of starch hydrolysis by salivary enzymes with the mass transfer rate of rate‐limiting enzymes. This research has applied mass transfer and reaction engineering theory in a quantitative study of starch hydrolysis, and a dimensionless group, the Damköhler number (Da), has been calculated based on glucose measurements from a beaker and stirrer system. The values of the Da number in this study (0.3‐19) indicate that both the time constant for mass transfer and the time constant for reaction are significant parameters. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images emphasize that compression (simulated mastication) helps to break the plant cell wall of starch. Mass‐transfer resistance needs to be considered during food digestion studies. The Da numbers are significantly affected by both compression forces (internal mass‐transfer coefficients) and stirrer speeds (external mass‐transfer coefficients) in this beaker and stirrer system.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerosol jet printing is a promising technology for printing functional materials on a variety of substrates with high precision and resolution. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry by providing a low‐cost, high‐resolution printing technique that can be used to produce additively printed electronics, sensors, and energy devices. However, the optimization of this process has traditionally relied on time‐consuming trial‐and‐error methods, hampering its efficiency and scalability. Machine learning (ML) models have the potential to overcome these challenges and improve the quality, speed, and efficiency of the printing process. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms to streamline and enhance the aerosol jet printing optimization process. Our methodology involves data collection through systematic experimentation with various parameter settings. This dataset serves as the foundation for training different ML model capable of predicting printed line characteristics and optimal printing process parameter. We validate our approach by performing experiments on different inks, and we compare the results of our ML‐based optimization approach to those obtained using traditional trial‐and‐error methods. The results demonstrate that our approach offers significantly higher accuracy and efficiency. To enhance our approach's accessibility and ease of use, we incorporate AutoML techniques which automates the process of selecting the most suitable ML algorithms and hyperparameters, reducing the burden of manual configuration. Furthermore, we introduce a user‐friendly web‐based interface that facilitates the entire ML pipeline, from data preprocessing to prediction and batch processing. This interface empowers users to efficiently manage and manipulate their data, select appropriate ML algorithms, and execute predictions, ultimately improving accuracy and model performance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
气溶胶喷射打印是一种前景广阔的技术，可在各种基底上打印高精度、高分辨率的功能材料。这项技术提供了一种低成本、高分辨率的打印技术，可用于生产加成打印电子器件、传感器和能源设备，从而有可能彻底改变制造业。然而，该工艺的优化历来依赖于耗时的试错方法，从而影响了其效率和可扩展性。机器学习（ML）模型有可能克服这些挑战，提高打印过程的质量、速度和效率。在本文中，我们提出了一种利用机器学习（ML）算法来简化和增强气溶胶喷射打印优化流程的方法。我们的方法包括通过对各种参数设置进行系统实验来收集数据。该数据集是训练不同 ML 模型的基础，这些模型能够预测印刷线特性和最佳印刷工艺参数。我们通过在不同油墨上进行实验来验证我们的方法，并将我们基于 ML 的优化方法的结果与使用传统试错方法获得的结果进行比较。结果表明，我们的方法具有更高的准确性和效率。为了提高方法的可访问性和易用性，我们采用了 AutoML 技术，该技术可自动选择最合适的 ML 算法和超参数，减轻了手动配置的负担。此外，我们还引入了基于网络的用户友好界面，为从数据预处理到预测和批量处理的整个 ML 管道提供便利。该界面使用户能够高效地管理和操作数据、选择合适的 ML 算法并执行预测，最终提高准确性和模型性能。本文受版权保护，保留所有权利。
{"title":"Improving Performance of Aerosol Jet Printing using Machine Learning‐Driven Optimization","authors":"P. Pandey, S. Ziesche, G. Meghanathi","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300110","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosol jet printing is a promising technology for printing functional materials on a variety of substrates with high precision and resolution. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry by providing a low‐cost, high‐resolution printing technique that can be used to produce additively printed electronics, sensors, and energy devices. However, the optimization of this process has traditionally relied on time‐consuming trial‐and‐error methods, hampering its efficiency and scalability. Machine learning (ML) models have the potential to overcome these challenges and improve the quality, speed, and efficiency of the printing process. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms to streamline and enhance the aerosol jet printing optimization process. Our methodology involves data collection through systematic experimentation with various parameter settings. This dataset serves as the foundation for training different ML model capable of predicting printed line characteristics and optimal printing process parameter. We validate our approach by performing experiments on different inks, and we compare the results of our ML‐based optimization approach to those obtained using traditional trial‐and‐error methods. The results demonstrate that our approach offers significantly higher accuracy and efficiency. To enhance our approach's accessibility and ease of use, we incorporate AutoML techniques which automates the process of selecting the most suitable ML algorithms and hyperparameters, reducing the burden of manual configuration. Furthermore, we introduce a user‐friendly web‐based interface that facilitates the entire ML pipeline, from data preprocessing to prediction and batch processing. This interface empowers users to efficiently manage and manipulate their data, select appropriate ML algorithms, and execute predictions, ultimately improving accuracy and model performance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study demonstrates integration of a zeolite material in a ceramic microcomponent intended for use in sampling and analysis of environmental carbon dioxide (CO2). The zeolite material was integrated in bulk form, allowing for adsorption of large quantities of CO2 compared to previous integration attempts as thin films. To obtain a porous bulk material, an injectable slurry was developed, where expandable polymeric microspheres were added as a sacrificial template. By varying water and sphere contents of the slurry, it was possible to tune the porosity of the zeolite material between 55 and 72 %. This in turn affected the flow resistance of the microcomponents, where an increase in the porosity of the filling from 62 to 72 % reduced the flow resistance from 84 to 28 kPa min cm‐3. In addition, the spheres facilitated complete fillings free from cracks. The zeolite material was seen to retain its ability to adsorb CO2 after processing, but it was not possible to quantify the level of retention compared to unprocessed zeolite.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
这项研究展示了将沸石材料集成到陶瓷微组件中，用于环境二氧化碳（CO2）的采样和分析。沸石材料以块状形式集成，与之前的薄膜集成尝试相比，可以吸附大量的二氧化碳。为了获得多孔的块状材料，开发了一种可注射的浆料，其中加入了可膨胀的聚合物微球作为牺牲模板。通过改变浆液中水和球的含量，可以将沸石材料的孔隙率调整在 55% 到 72% 之间。这反过来又影响了微组件的流动阻力，填充物的孔隙率从 62% 增加到 72%，流动阻力从 84 kPa min cm-3 降低到 28 kPa min cm-3。此外，球体还有助于完全填充，避免出现裂缝。沸石材料在加工后仍具有吸附二氧化碳的能力，但与未加工的沸石相比，无法量化其吸附能力。本文受版权保护，保留所有权利。
{"title":"Integration and characterization of a zeolite material in a microcomponent for measurements of environmental carbon dioxide","authors":"Erika Åkerfeldt, G. Thornell, Anders Persson","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300105","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates integration of a zeolite material in a ceramic microcomponent intended for use in sampling and analysis of environmental carbon dioxide (CO2). The zeolite material was integrated in bulk form, allowing for adsorption of large quantities of CO2 compared to previous integration attempts as thin films. To obtain a porous bulk material, an injectable slurry was developed, where expandable polymeric microspheres were added as a sacrificial template. By varying water and sphere contents of the slurry, it was possible to tune the porosity of the zeolite material between 55 and 72 %. This in turn affected the flow resistance of the microcomponents, where an increase in the porosity of the filling from 62 to 72 % reduced the flow resistance from 84 to 28 kPa min cm‐3. In addition, the spheres facilitated complete fillings free from cracks. The zeolite material was seen to retain its ability to adsorb CO2 after processing, but it was not possible to quantify the level of retention compared to unprocessed zeolite.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a simple method to transform two‐dimensional data sets into a format that can be easily processed into sound files. These files can be loaded into software wavetable synthesizers in order to create audible forms of data that can represent complex information. Some background about sonification will be discussed, and the simple method developed here will be applied to graphene optoelectronics. Some key illustrative examples will be used to demonstrate the method, including data sets from a previous publication that reported light emission from graphene field effect transistors (Angela Beltaos 2017). We use the sonification method to show how changes in observed phenomena (e.g. light emission intensity and spectral shape) result in changes of the resulting sound (such as the timbre). Demonstrations are included in video format to hear and illustrate the method and resulting effects.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Sonification Methods for Enabling Augmented Data Analysis Applied to Graphene Optoelectronics","authors":"A. Bergren, A. Beltaos, Alexander van Dijk","doi":"10.1002/appl.202300092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple method to transform two‐dimensional data sets into a format that can be easily processed into sound files. These files can be loaded into software wavetable synthesizers in order to create audible forms of data that can represent complex information. Some background about sonification will be discussed, and the simple method developed here will be applied to graphene optoelectronics. Some key illustrative examples will be used to demonstrate the method, including data sets from a previous publication that reported light emission from graphene field effect transistors (Angela Beltaos 2017). We use the sonification method to show how changes in observed phenomena (e.g. light emission intensity and spectral shape) result in changes of the resulting sound (such as the timbre). Demonstrations are included in video format to hear and illustrate the method and resulting effects.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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