Applied Research最新文献

Despite the unique advantages a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) offers to the grid-integrated renewable energy systems, they have a limitation of being susceptible to grid fault as their stator windings are directly connected to the grid. The fault current limiters (FCLs) provide a sustainable solution by enhancing the fault ride-through capability and thus it improve the transient performance of a DFIG. In this work, a multi-inductor-based H-bridge fault current limiter (HBFCL) is proposed to augment the transient performance of a DFIG. The operational efficacy of the HBFCL is evaluated through the administration of both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault scenarios. The effectiveness of the HBFCL is further investigated by comparing the performance of the HBFCL with that of the bridge-type series dynamic braking resistor (BSDBR). Both the graphical and numerical interpretations of the simulation result assert that the HBFCL improves the transient performance of a DFIG-based wind farm and outweighs the performance of the BSDBR in all aspects.

The cover features a tree named “photopolymerization” that grows exceptionally lush and beautiful under the sunlight. The sunlight represents three different light sources, categorizing the photopolymerization technology into three domains: UV, visible, and NIR. The luxuriant branches and leaves resemble the broad applicability of photopolymerization technology. This overview briefly introduces the application of photopolymerization technology in five areas: thiol-ene polymerization, photoinduced controlled/living polymerizations (CLPs), 3D printing, UV nanoimprint lithography photoresist, and hydrogels, highlighting the irreplaceable role of photopolymerization technology in today's world. Read the article here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202300030.

The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a new nanocatalyst that could produce materials with a lower sulfur content, thereby reducing its environmental harm. To achieve this, the researchers used the sol-gel method to synthesize a heterogeneous nanocatalyst by attaching sandwich-type polyoxotungstate [(CuW₉O₃₄)₂Cu₄(H₂O)₂⁻¹⁰] (denoted as Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀) clusters on the surface of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs). To characterize the nanocatalyst, several analysis techniques were employed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The oxidative desulfurization of hazardous sulfur-containing real and model fuel oils was effectively catalyzed by the Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀⊂CuFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst. According to the experimental findings, the best efficiencies in oxidation reaction were achieved in 1 h contracting time at 35°C, which was as high as 95%. The Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀⊂CuFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst exhibited impressive removal rates (%) on dibenzothiophene (C₁₂H₈S), benzothiophene (C₈H₆S), and thiophene (C₄H₄S) of model fuels, with figures reaching 97%, 96% and, 96% respectively. Furthermore, multiple recycling of the uniform nanocatalyst can be achieved effortlessly through filtration, without experiencing any notable decline in activity. Therefore, the authors suggest that this study will pave the way for the widely used mentioned nanocatalyst in the practical and workable organization of petroleum fractions.

In this work, the bioabsorbable materials, namely fibroin, polylactide acid (PLA), magnesium, and magnesium oxide are investigated for their application as transient, resistive temperature detectors (RTD). For this purpose, a thin-film magnesium-based meander-like electrode is deposited onto a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate (fibroin or PLA) and encapsulated (passivated) by additional magnesium oxide layers on top and below the magnesium-based electrode. The morphology of different layered RTDs is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The sensor performance and lifetime of the RTD is characterized both under ambient atmospheric conditions between 30°C and 43°C, and wet tissue-like conditions with a constant temperature regime of 37°C. The latter triggers the degradation process of the magnesium-based layers. The 3-layers RTDs on a PLA substrate could achieve a lifetime of 8.5 h. These sensors also show the best sensor performance under ambient atmospheric conditions with a mean sensitivity of 0.48 Ω/°C ± 0.01 Ω/°C.

Tilapia farmers would benefit tremendously if they could decrease aggression among fish. Conspecific aggression affects the growth, feed conversion, and general well-being of fish. Previous studies established an inverse relationship between blood cholesterol levels and aggression in fish, whereby a decrease in cholesterol led to an increase in aggression. The present study assessed the effect of an increase in dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol and a possible decrease in the aggression of Nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia were stocked in an outdoor recirculation system and then offered one of five diets: 0% cholesterol, 0.5% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol, 1.5% cholesterol, and 2% cholesterol. Five fish of each treatment were moved to a glass tank and monitored for signs of aggression for 10 min, twice a day. This experimental procedure was repeated five times using a new set of fish every time. Results show an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood but that there are no significant differences in aggression among treatments. Accordingly, the present study suggests that an increase in dietary cholesterol increases blood cholesterol in fish but does not have a significant effect on antagonistic patterns in Nile tilapia.

Solar-driven overall water splitting using particulate photocatalysts represents a viable and attractive paradigm to produce H₂. To achieve sustainable artificial photosynthesis, considerable effort has been devoted in enhancing the overall efficiency and stability of photocatalysts. More specifically, modifying the photocatalyst surface with suitable cocatalysts can significantly enhance its water-splitting performance. In this minireview, we describe recent advances with respect to the hybridization strategies in constructing high-performance cocatalyst/photocatalyst systems. We first discuss the fundamental concepts and principles governing the photocatalytic water splitting and the important role of cocatalysts. Subsequently, we examine the strengths and drawbacks of conventional and emerging cocatalyst loading strategies. Special consideration is given to the structure–activity relationship of cocatalysts to achieve efficient photocatalytic H₂ production from pure H₂O. Finally, the remaining key challenges and possible future directions in the discovery and further exploration of cocatalyst materials are also discussed. We anticipate this review will provide insights and inspire more research interest in designing high-performance cocatalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Properties of CuSCN thin films such as morphology, crystal orientation, optical transparency, and work function can be tuned in their cathodic electrodeposition simply by changing the ratio of Cu²⁺ and SCN⁻ ions in the electrolytic bath. Read the article here https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202200097.

Robotic concrete extrusion is a novel additive manufacturing process (three-dimensional concrete printing) and is part of a continuously digitally controlled value chain. According to the state of the art, concrete is considered to be an isotropic material due to the manufacturing process. However, for the additive manufacturing process, the isotropic approach has to be reconsidered due to the layered structure. It can be assumed that due to the layered structure, the material properties vary depending on the deposition direction and the geometry of the layers. The aim of the work was to record the material-technical characteristics of extruded elements manufactured according to standards in comparison with concrete recipes. Process-related influences on the mechanical parameters of additively manufactured concrete elements were examined and evaluated in more detail. Based on the findings obtained, the dimensioning, design and measurement of components can be carried out and thus guidelines for components can be derived. With these derived guidelines, the material utilization and economic efficiency can be improved.

A recurring question is whether rating scales should be considered metrically scaled or merely ordinally scaled. This has direct implications for the permissible statistical procedures for significance testing. Based on the results of a simulation study, it is shown that the use of parametric procedures for rating scales has distinct advantages over the nonparametric alternatives. It is also shown that the parametric procedures are robust to violations of the assumption of normality, which only result in a modest loss of power compared with continuous variables. This loss should be taken into account when calculating the optimal sample size. The results suggest that sample sizes about 25% larger should be chosen for discrete rating scales than for continuous variables.

In the present work, treatability studies were carried out with oil refinery wastewater (effluent from the secondary treatment) using electrooxidation (EO) process employing two mixed oxide anodes: SnO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂|Ti and IrO₂–Ta₂O₅|Ti. Both electrodes' performance were compared by their capacity to generate active chlorine in a synthetic solution and organic matter mineralization of a sample with an average phenol (C₆H₆O) concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹. Before degradation experiments, surface analysis, and linear sweep voltammetry tests were performed. SnO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂|Ti anode yielded higher active chlorine, reaching an average concentration of 340 mg L⁻¹ at 90 min of electrolysis and 25 mA cm⁻². On the other hand, IrO₂–Ta₂O₅|Ti anode only generated an average concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹ at 90 min and 40 mA cm⁻². Regarding the degradation experiments, SnO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂|Ti anode showed the highest dissolved organic carbon removal, ranging from 26% to 40%. In addition, through a three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence analysis, it was possible to elucidate the degradation of C₆H₆O and some possible polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the effluent. The results suggested that 65%–90% of the hydrocarbons and C₆H₆O present in the effluent were degraded with the SnO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂|Ti anode applying 25 mA cm⁻² within the first 30 min of electrolysis, reaching almost 99% degradation at 90 min. The EO process using SnO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂|Ti can be an alternative for tertiary treatment of oil refinery wastewater for degradation and mineralization of the remaining organic matter of secondary effluents (biological processes) via active chlorine species.