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Water Ageing of Epoxies: Effect of Thermal Oxidation 环氧树脂的水老化:热氧化的影响
Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400126
Nawfel Tahraoui, Romain Delannoy, Isabelle Derue, Emmanuel Richaud

Epoxy samples obtained by curing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with triethylenetetramine are thermally oxidized at 160°C under air. The impact on water sorption is investigated by water uptake recorded by Dynamic Vapor Sorption and the gravimetric method. Experimental data mainly showed that water solubility in epoxies increases due to oxidative degradation, meanwhile, the formation of clustering remains limited. In the investigated ageing conditions, water diffusion obeys Fick's law. Despite a significant chain scission process, water diffusivity in polymer remains constant, possibly in line with the fact that hydroxypropylethers are the driving force of water diffusion and are not degraded during thermal ageing.

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引用次数: 0
Synthesis Strategies for Rare Earth Activated Inorganic Phosphors: A Mini Review 稀土活化无机磷化物的合成策略:小型综述
Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400190
Sitender Singh, Devender Singh, Preeti Siwach, Isha Gupta, Pawan Kumar

Rare-earth (RE)-activated inorganic nanophosphors have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical properties and versatile applications in fields ranging from lighting and displays to biomedical imaging. The mini review provides a concise overview of recent advances in the synthesis strategies employed for the fabrication of these nanomaterials. Various synthesis techniques, including solid-state, sol-gel, solution combustion, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and microwave methods have been discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations in tailoring the properties of nanophosphors. Furthermore, the role of different rare earth dopants and host matrices in controlling the luminescent properties of nanophosphors has been explored. Future perspectives and emerging trends in preparation of RE-activated inorganic nanophosphors has also been discussed, with an emphasis on addressing current challenges and exploring new avenues for the fabrication of adequate and functional nanomaterials.

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引用次数: 0
Functionally Graded Impact Attenuator Using Bonded Construction
Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400261
M. Q. dos Reis, R. J. C. Carbas, E. A. S. Marques, L. F. M. da Silva

Automotive collisions are one of the major causes of death in the European Union, especially in childhood and adolescence. However, improvements in vehicle safety cannot be achieved only by increasing the size and dimensions of the structures, as this demands more materials and more costly manufacturing processes, which leads to an increased resource expenditure and lowered sustainability. Moreover, the increase of the structure size raises the vehicle's weight, leading to added fuel consumption, which cannot be accepted considering modern environmental regulations. To solve these issues, the application of bonded joints using the combination of several adherends materials, such as steel and aluminium alloys and fibber-reinforced polymers with crash-resistant adhesives presents itself as a novel solution, allowing to attain enhanced joint strength, energy absorption and weight reduction. The present works introduce a novel concept of an impact attenuator using bonded, geometrically optimized using the concept of functionally graded adherends to maximize energy absorption by ensuring that a load-bearing path is kept during impact, converting the impact energy into the plastic deformation of panels with variable mechanical properties, tailored to withstand specific load cases, fulfilling a gap in the literature regarding impact absorption devices that combines graded materials and bonded construction. The results obtained present an increase in the energy absorption values of the graded impact attenuators above 200% when compared to the homogenous materials.

汽车碰撞是欧盟国家,尤其是儿童和青少年死亡的主要原因之一。然而,要提高汽车的安全性,不能仅靠增加结构的尺寸和大小,因为这需要更多的材料和更昂贵的制造工艺,从而导致资源支出增加和可持续性降低。此外,结构尺寸的增大会增加车辆的重量,导致油耗增加,考虑到现代环保法规,这一点是无法接受的。为了解决这些问题,将多种粘合材料(如钢和铝合金以及纤维增强聚合物)与抗撞击粘合剂结合使用的粘接接头成为一种新的解决方案,可以增强接头强度、吸收能量并减轻重量。本研究提出了一种新颖的冲击衰减器概念,即使用粘合剂,利用功能分级粘合剂的概念进行几何优化,确保在冲击过程中保持承载路径,从而最大限度地吸收能量,将冲击能量转化为具有可变机械特性的面板的塑性变形,以承受特定的负载情况,填补了文献中有关结合分级材料和粘合结构的冲击吸收装置的空白。研究结果表明,与同质材料相比,分级冲击衰减器的能量吸收值提高了 200% 以上。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Image: Volume 4 Issue 1
Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202570001

Applied Research is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on bridging fundamental research and practical applications, supporting sustainable problem-solving and global initiatives. The journal covers high-quality research in fields such as Materials, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Applied Biology, Food Science, Engineering, Biomedical Sciences, and Social Sciences. Authors can submit various article types, including Reviews, Tutorials, and Research Articles. The journal aims to highlight innovative research that demonstrates the application of knowledge, methods, instrumentation, and technology into solutions.

应用研究》是一本多学科期刊,重点关注基础研究与实际应用之间的联系,支持可持续的问题解决和全球倡议。该期刊涵盖材料、应用物理、化学、应用生物学、食品科学、工程学、生物医学科学和社会科学等领域的高质量研究。作者可以提交各种类型的文章,包括综述、教程和研究文章。该期刊旨在突出创新研究,展示知识、方法、仪器和技术在解决方案中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Image: Volume 3 Issue 6
Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202470601
Tatjana Barthel, Laila Benz, Yara Basler, Thomas Crosskey, Alexander Dillmann, Ronald Förster, Paula Fröling, Camilla G. Dieguez, Christine Gless, Thomas Hauß, Michael Hellmig, Lea Jänisch, David James, Frank Lennartz, Jelena Mijatovic, Melanie Oelker, James W. Scanlan, Gert Weber, Jan Wollenhaupt, Uwe Mueller, Holger Dobbek, Markus C. Wahl, Manfred S. Weiss

The spliceosomal protein-protein complex of the RNaseH-like domain of Prp8 and Aar2 (PDB group deposition G_1002241) is shown with 269 fragments binding. The fragment screening data collection was done at the F2X-faclity of Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202400110

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引用次数: 0
Dielectric Properties of Pristine and Green-Synthesized Hematite Nanomaterials Vis-À-Vis Their Dependence on Porosity and Particle Size
Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400147
Toton Sarkar, Sani Kundu, Ashis Bhattacharjee

Hematite is obtained using different concentrations of P. tuberosa flower extract. XRD and Raman studies confirm the formation of nanometric size (20–30 nm) and the corundum structure. Particle size depends on the extent of flower extract used for synthesis. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac/dc conductivity and electric modulus have been explored. Large dielectric constant values (6 × 103−40 × 103) at low frequency under room temperature are observed. Dielectric constant (εr ${{rm{varepsilon }}}_{r}$) depends on frequency, temperature, particle size and porosity. The nature of the frequency dependence of εr ${{rm{varepsilon }}}_{r}$ can be explained with the help of the Maxwell-Wagner-Koop's theory. Correlation between particle size and dielectric constant is attributed to significant lattice distortion resulting from reduced grain size. AC conductivity is analyzed with Jonscher's power law, and correlated-barrier-hopping type of conduction mechanism is proposed in these nanomaterials. Temperature dependence of DC conductivity confirms semiconducting behavior of hematite. Investigation into the electric modulus reveals that both electrical conduction and dielectric polarization are governed by a common mechanism. Present study explores into the process of crystal growth influenced by the plant extract and examines its impact on the dielectric property.

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引用次数: 0
Accelerating Drug Discovery With High-Throughput Crystallographic Fragment Screening and Structural Enablement 利用高通量晶体学片段筛选和结构赋能加速药物发现
Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400192
Daren Fearon, Ailsa Powell, Alice Douangamath, Alexandre Dias, Charles W. E. Tomlinson, Blake H. Balcomb, Jasmin C. Aschenbrenner, Anthony Aimon, Isabel A. Barker, José Brandão-Neto, Patrick Collins, Louise E. Dunnett, Michael Fairhead, Richard J. Gildea, Mathew Golding, Tyler Gorrie-Stone, Paul V. Hathaway, Lizbé Koekemoer, Tobias Krojer, Ryan M. Lithgo, Elizabeth M. Maclean, Peter G. Marples, Xiaomin Ni, Rachael Skyner, Romain Talon, Warren Thompson, Conor F. Wild, Max Winokan, Nathan David Wright, Graeme Winter, Elizabeth J. Shotton, Frank von Delft

Fragment-based drug discovery is a well-established method for the identification of chemical starting points for development into clinical candidates. Historically, crystallographic fragment screening was perceived to be low-throughput and time consuming. However, thanks to advances in synchrotron capabilities and the introduction of dedicated facilities, such as the XChem platform at Diamond Light Source, there have been substantial improvements in throughput and integration between sample preparation, data collection and hit identification. Herein we share our experiences of establishing a crystallographic fragment screening facility, our learnings from operating a user programme for ten years and our perspective on applying structural enablement to rapidly progress initial fragment hits to lead-like molecules.

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引用次数: 0
PEDOT:PSS Electropolymerization Protocol for Microelectrodes Enabling Low-Cost Impedance-Based Cellular Assays
Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400087
Andrea Kauth, Joachim Wegener, Huijie Jiang, Vivek Pachauri, Sven Ingebrandt

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a label-free method for in vitro cell analysis in different research fields such as virology, cancer research, and stem cell research. In the ECIS configuration, the working electrode (WE) is typically much smaller than the counter electrode, thus the measured impedance between both is mainly dominated by the impedance of the WE. However, if the impedance of the WE is too high, it is challenging to detect small changes in impedance caused by cells attached to the electrode surface. In this study, we present an easily reproducible and cost-effective method to lower the impedance of commercial ECIS electrodes, and by this increase the cell contribution in adhesion assays. Hereby we deposit a thin layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) only onto the gold electrodes by electropolymerization and study the layer characteristics in detail. We compare cell-free and cell-covered impedance spectra of gold and PEDOT:PSS electrodes recorded with a low-cost potentiostat and analyze the ECIS spectra of two different cell lines in detail.

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引用次数: 0
Perspective on Dual-Tower Concentrated Solar Power Plants
Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400207
Alberto Boretti

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of dual-tower concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, highlighting their key technical advantages, including improved efficiency and enhanced heat distribution. The novel dual-tower design, implemented at Guazhou, Gansu Province by Three Gorges Renewables, significantly enhances optical efficiency and reduces spillage losses compared to traditional single-tower systems. Utilizing molten salts or particle receivers, the dual-tower configuration offers a more efficient thermal management approach. A comparative analysis of various designs underscores the trade-offs between increased efficiency and capital costs. The paper also discusses the economic and environmental benefits, technical challenges, and future research directions associated with dual-tower systems, providing valuable insights into their potential to advance solar thermal technology.

本文全面分析了双塔聚光太阳能发电站(CSP),重点介绍了其主要技术优势,包括提高效率和增强热分布。与传统的单塔系统相比,三峡可再生能源公司在甘肃瓜州实施的新型双塔设计显著提高了光学效率,减少了溢出损失。利用熔盐或粒子接收器,双塔配置提供了一种更高效的热管理方法。对各种设计的比较分析强调了提高效率与资本成本之间的权衡。本文还讨论了与双塔系统相关的经济和环境效益、技术挑战和未来研究方向,为了解双塔系统在推动太阳能热技术发展方面的潜力提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Production Process Map and Safety of Millet-Based Fermented Beverage
Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/appl.202400166
Eric Owusu Mensah, Emmanuel Boakye Asare

The present study aimed to develop a standardized process map to produce a microbiologically safe and consumer-acceptable Brukina beverage. Field interactions and observations were employed for the baseline data, while an improved production process was developed and utilized to produce a Brukina beverage. The microbial safety of the new approach was assessed by determining the total coliform, yeast and mold, as well as Staphylococcus aureus. A consumer preference test was conducted to validate the contribution of the improved and hygienic steps to the overall acceptability. The existing production processes for manufacturing Brukina beverage did not embrace Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and as such, the resultant beverage was contaminated with coliforms and S. aureus. Moreover, the sensory characteristics including taste, mouthfeel, viscosity and overall acceptability, were negatively affected. The inclusion of food safety management practices and efficient production steps has a greater tendency of producing microbiologically safe and market-acceptable fermented millet-based beverages while safeguarding consumers’ health and satisfaction.

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引用次数: 0
期刊
Applied Research
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