Applied Research最新文献

This study investigated the carbon fiber composite connection structure under the bird impact, and a finite element simulation was conducted to verify the results. Different speed impact tests were performed on the adhesive-bonded, riveted, and adhesive-riveted specimens. The results show that the impact resistance of the riveted structure was significantly better than that of the adhesive-bonded structure. The adhesive layer in the adhesive riveted structure failed prematurely at a specific impact speed, indicating that the structure's loading relied primarily on the riveted part and was unable to achieve the synergy between the adhesive layer and the riveting. A comparison of two lapped structural parts—the single shear lap and the single shear lap of the single shear plate—was conducted. The results show that the strain curve of the single shear lap of the single shear plate has double valley characteristics under single impact. This indicates that its anti-bird impact performance is lower than that of the single shear lap structure. Using the same test conditions, the finite element simulation of the bird impact on connecting structural parts was performed. The simulated stress cloud diagram diffusion trend and the experimental strain curve trend were found to be consistent, verifying the reliability of the model. Simulations of various connection modes were conducted, and the results were consistent with the experimental outcomes. The simulations verified the reliability of the bird impact simulation method for carbon fiber composite connection structures.

In this study, we investigate a silicon based three-layer biomolecule photonic structure comprising silicon (Si) semiconductor layers at the outer boundaries and a central DNA/protein aqueous solution layer. Numerical simulations (PWE) were conducted to analyze the influence of protein/DNA concentration on the photonic properties at a wavelength of 400/310 nm. Results indicate that a gradual decrease in the PBG as protein concentration increases with bandgap values shifting at a concentration of 0.1 g/mL. The devised photonic sensor achieves low detection limits of 0.010 g/mL and 0.0083 g/mL, respectively, with high refractive index sensitivities of 0.052 RIU⁻¹ for protein and 0.050 RIU⁻¹ for DNA. These findings demonstrate the sensor's significant capacity for precise and effective biomolecular detection for compact and practical biosensing applications.

Advancements in graphene processing have intensified interest in developing efficient plasmonic sensors that exploit the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomena in metallic nanostructures. A streamlined one-pot synthesis was employed to produce gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO/AuNP), eliminating complex multi-step procedures to achieve an optimized LSPR signal in a tapered multimode fiber optic (TMMF) sensor. Ascorbic acid (AA) of 50 mg, 150 mg, and 250 mg were chosen to avoid further material waste during fabrication. UV-Vis analysis was shown to determine AuNP spherical size, particle distribution and optical bandgap energy, E_g. Increasing mass of AA resulted in smaller average spherical AuNP and was later confirmed by TEM images of RGO/AuNP. The composite reduced with 50 mg AA, which consisted of ~52 nm AuNP size and the lowest E_g of 3.36 eV was found to be the most suitable plasmonic coating to be applied on the TMMF sensor because of a stronger plasmonic field and efficient electron transfer. The feasibility of the RGO/AuNP coating was further evaluated based on the quality of LSPR response, optical constants and optical bandgap characteristics. Compared to the layer-by-layer composite coating, the one-pot RGO/AuNP deposited fiber yielded stronger absorbance and narrower FWHM demonstrating its promising potential in fiber optic-based sensors.

Plastic waste generation, including that from food packaging, continues to increase annually, posing a serious global environmental challenge. Paper has emerged as a promising alternative to plastic for food packaging applications due to its biodegradability and relatively low cost. However, the inherently hydrophilic nature of cellulose limits the broader application of paper-based materials. In this study, we developed a fluorine-free, silica-based superhydrophobic coating using a simple ball-milling approach to produce silica nanoparticles, which were subsequently modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in non-toxic solvents. Corn starch was employed as a bio-binder to enhance coating uniformity, adhesion, and mechanical durability. The resulting coating exhibited excellent superhydrophobic performance, with a water contact angle of 153° on MG non-glossy paper, along with improved resistance to bending and scratching deformation.

Composites resulting from a combination of metal oxide semiconductors and cellulose materials can provide superior functional properties that can be used as a photocatalytic degradation of waste and as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to extract cellulose (nanocrystal/CNC and nanofiber/CNF) from empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB) and composite it with TiO₂ semiconductor to become CNCT/CNFT and is used for simultaneous photocatalytic bacteria inactivation and liquid waste degradation. CNC was obtained from acid hydrolysis at low concentrations of EPOFB and CNF was fibrillated from EPOFB using Ultra Turrax. Meanwhile CNCT/CNFT were synthesized using the impregnation method with mixing followed by sonication and drying. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by TEM/SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis DRS. Photodegradation and disinfection were carried out in a photoreactor illuminated by a UV lamp. The concentration of synthesis and real wastes were measured using a spectrophotometer and COD method respectively, while the number of microbes was determined using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. From the characterization results, CNCT/CNFT have been successfully formed. The photocatalytic results showed that the composites (CNCT 30-70 and CNFT 50-50) under UV irradiation could be a potential candidate for degrading waste containing paracetamol and hospital waste and could also destroy E. coli and S. aureus bacteria simultaneously.

This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on geospatial data governance in ASEAN with a focus on policy, security and compliance challenges. The SLR method was based on the PRISMA protocol, which involves a systematic search strategy in the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases for the period 2020–2025. A total of 25 valid articles were selected after going through a screening process. The results of the study showed four main themes, namely the existing policy of geospatial data governance in ASEAN, followed by challenges to security and sovereignty of the data, next is the weak enforcement leads to poor compliance and finally limitations in technology and organisational capacity in implementing policies. The finding highlights that despite various efforts at the national level for geospatial data sharing such as MyGeoportal in Malaysia, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) in the Philippines, One Map Policy in Indonesia and OneMap in Singapore, the absence of a regional governance framework makes the issue of data integration, compliance and security increasingly critical. This article contributes to the existing literature by addressing gaps in the ASEAN context, strengthening the theoretical understanding of geospatial data governance and offering practical insights for policymakers, communities and industry stakeholders. Accordingly, this review paper not only synthesises existing evidence but also proposes directions for the development of a future framework aimed at enhancing and reinforcing ASEAN compliance and risk management practices related to geospatial data governance.

This study examines the nurse rostering problem in the maternity ward of a military hospital to improve operational efficiency while maintaining nurse well-being. In the initial phase, a preemptive 0–1 goal programming model (GP) is introduced to generate feasible nurse duty rosters. This model guarantees fair rotation within specified working-day limits, avoids overlapping assignments for all nurses across all shift types and prevents nurses from working 7 consecutive days. Additionally, three soft constraints are considered, where the model prevents irregular rest patterns, such as isolated work or off days, and ensures equitable workload distribution. Although the 0–1 GP model generates satisfactory schedules, the soft constraint of avoiding isolated working days is not fulfilled. Therefore, the model is further refined by using binary integer programming (BIP), which incorporates nurse categories (senior, community, and health assistants' nurses) as key components in the maternity ward. The soft constraints addressed in an initial model are now treated as hard constraints. Apart from that, this improved model also considers additional hard constraints, including night shift sequencing and recovery, daily-on-call duty, and adequate rest days constraints to improve nurse well-being. Actual duty rosters collected from the head nurse of a maternity ward are used to evaluate the performance of both models. Computational results show that the improved BIP model produces optimal schedules that satisfy operational requirements outlined by Lumut Armed Forces Hospital. For a 14-day scheduling cycle, the model, however, requires a minimum of 15 nurses, with each category comprising at least the average number of nurses to ensure model feasibility. Overall, the findings demonstrate that extending the initial formulation, from a 0–1 GP model to an improved BIP model results in a comprehensive model and improves solution quality for complex healthcare rostering problems.

Dye effluents are a major source of pollution of the water environment and human health. A variety of adsorbents have been used to study the removal of dyes from the aquatic environment. Adsorption is usually used as a simple and effective method among these approaches. Zein, a protein extracted from corn, can be used to easily produce nano- and micro-scale particles. This study is based on using microparticles of zein as an efficient adsorbent to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. Specifically, Orange G and Crystal Violet were chosen as model dyes for this purpose. Different techniques, such as FTIR, TEM, electrophoretic mobility and dye adsorption isotherms, were used to characterise the adsorbent. A design of experiments was used to study the influence of parameters, including pH, time, ionic strength, dye concentration, adsorbent mass, dye type and centrifugation. The optimum conditions of 4.5, 5.0 min, 0.5 mol L⁻¹ NaCl, 10 µmol L⁻¹, 1 mg were obtained for pH, contact time, ionic strength, dye concentration, microparticles of zein mass and centrifuge set to off, respectively. The results showed that on the fourth day 15.5% orange G and 56% crystal violet were removed.

Probiotics are considered live microorganisms that contribute to health benefits by modulating gut microbiota and improving gastrointestinal function. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize indigenous Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) strains from healthy human fecal samples to assess their probiotic potential. Eleven isolates were selected based on Gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonmotile, and nonhemolytic characteristics, and were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates were assessed for acid and bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, cell surface hydrophobicity, tolerance to osmotic (NaCl) and phenolic stress, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, bile salt hydrolase and DNase activity, cholesterol-lowering capacity, and antioxidant activity. Findings demonstrated strong acid and bile tolerance, high NaCl and phenol resilience, positive BSH and EPS activity, and absence of DNase. Antimicrobial activity was moderate to high against gastrointestinal pathogens, antioxidant activity and surface hydrophobicity ranged from moderate to high, while cholesterol-lowering efficiency varied among strains. Cumulative probiotic potential scores were determined that highlighting strain-specific strengths, signifying that these E. faecium isolates possess multifunctional probiotic attributes suitable for functional foods and nutraceutical applications. Further in vivo studies are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety for human consumption.