Applied Research最新文献

Many conventional drugs are being found resistant against various bacterial strains. To combat major health challenges due to bacterial infections, nanomaterials are currently being used as alternatives or in conjunction with traditional drugs. The unique properties of nanomaterials make them suitable for such applications and help them to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs. The present article reports on the recent advances and emerging applications of various functional nanomaterials (i.e. metals, metal oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials and their nanocomposites, etc.) as antibacterial and antiviral agents with emphasis on their modes of action. Various challenging issues in controlling bacterial and viral infections using these functional nanomaterials have been emphasized. Furthermore, the use of such nanomaterials as delivery vehicles for antibacterial and antiviral drugs has also been discussed.

Numerical simulation serves as a pivotal method for forecasting the production behavior of hydrate reservoirs, where seepage parameters frequently govern the discrepancies observed in predictive outcomes. In this study, we investigated the influence of fundamental seepage parameters on the productivity of hydrate reservoirs. Taking the hydrate reservoir in the QDNB as a case study, a stratified reservoir model was established to represent the coexistence of free gas and hydrates. By employing the Tough + Hydrate simulator, the production characteristics of the reservoir at site W03 were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that n_G plays a pivotal role in influencing wellhead gas production, with an inverse relationship observed between gas production rate and n_G. Moreover, the wellhead gas production rate is positively correlated with S_irA, while the water production rate inversely correlates with S_irA. A decrease S_irG enhances hydrate decomposition and augments gas production within the reservoir. Cumulative gas production at wellhead increases exponentially as the n_G decreases, while cumulative water production escalates with a decrease in the n_A. Lower n_G and n_A facilitate more efficient hydrate decomposition within the reservoir. Sensitivity analysis underscores that the impact of seepage parameters on wellhead gas production diminishes in the sequence: n_G, S_irG, S_irA, and n_A. Conversely, for wellhead water production, n_A emerges as the predominant factor, succeeded by S_irA, with S_irG having the minimal impact.

This study aimed to trace the sources of molds causing gingerbread spoilage. A total of 114 samples, including air, swabs, Rodac plates, ingredients, and products, were collected from a bakery during production. Molds were initially recovered from samples using OGYE and DG-18 agar media. For source tracking, gene sequence analysis was performed on 39 selected isolates. The spoilage potential of molds was assessed through their enzyme activity. All air samples, surface areas, and overhead ventilator units were mold-contaminated, with 18 to > 200 CFUs/m³ in air, 0 to 11 CFUs/25 cm² on surfaces, and > 100 CFUs/25 cm² on DG-18 agar. The cooling room samples, including swabs, ingredients, products, and nebulizers, showed high contamination levels. Air in the processing environment was gingerbread's main source of mold contaminants. A total of 151 isolates were identified at the genus level. Aspergillus spp. was the most frequently encountered mold in the 151 isolates, followed by Penicillium spp. The strains recovered from gingerbread samples were Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Penicillium chrysogenum (P. chrysogenum), and P. decumbens. Of these, only A. niger and P. chrysogenum were able to grow on gingerbread in challenge tests. A. niger exhibited amylase, protease, and lipase activity, while P. chrysogenum expressed only amylase and protease.

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were considered important for solar applications due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, high light absorption, and unique edge properties which can facilitate efficient charge carrier separation, making them promising candidates for use in solar cells as electrodes, interfacial layers, or even active materials in certain designs. These nanoribbons can be good alternatives as carrier extraction interlayers for organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells, through varying the width and the type of edge functionalization. GNRs were synthesized from two different organic molecules and were utilized to prepare thin films of nanocomposites with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles to study their current-voltage properties. The designing was carried out in such a way that both aromatic organic molecules, namely, o-amino phenol and p-amino benzoic acid, when treated to cracking at very low temperatures, resulted in the production of nanoribbons like pattern. The band gap energy of GNRs obtained from both molecules was calculated, which indicated their semiconducting property suitable for photo-voltaic applications. The AFM images of the nanocomposites clearly showed the uniform distribution of the metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the GNRs. The current–voltage (I–V) properties of the nanocomposites were investigated and open-circuit photovoltage (V_OC), short-circuit photocurrent (I_SC), fill factor (FF) along with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell were measured. Interestingly, the nanocomposites of GNRs prepared from the organic compounds p-amino benzoic acid showed a higher PCE value (2.069%).

In order to ensure thermal comfort of petrochemical workshop lounge, airflow organization performance of it is studied based CFD. Influence of the numerical value of wind speed on indoor cleanliness is obtained by establishing two-dimensional CAD building diagram, setting working conditions with different flow rates, analyzing cloud images in Fluent software (temperature cloud, pressure cloud, velocity cloud, turbulent kinetic energy cloud), velocity vector diagram, particle concentration diagram at different times. That is, when natural ventilation only needs to consider the indoor air cleanliness, the ventilation condition of inlet wind speed of about 0.5 m/s is a more reasonable design parameter. At the same time, the concentrated location of indoor air cleanliness is obtained. In the corner away from the doors and windows, the air freshness decreases, the human body feels uncomfortable, through the reasonable arrangement of indoor furniture, is conducive to improving the thermal comfort of the human body; At the same time, the relationship between the inlet wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy is obtained, and the intensity of fluid movement can be known by analyzing the turbulent kinetic energy cloud map, and then the influence of indoor air distribution uniformity on human thermal comfort can be obtained. At the same time, by controlling the single variable method, that is, the position of the window opening, the area of the window opening and the wind direction projection Angle are unchanged, only the wind speed at the entrance is changed, and the eddy relationship between the wind speed and the building is obtained by analyzing the trace diagram at different times. Research results can provide theoretical basis for amend airflow organization.

To meet the demand for high-performance rare-earth-free permanent magnet, the Ta-added AlNiCo permanent alloy has been prepared in this study. Effects of the Ta addition and isothermal magnetic annealing time on structure, micro-morphology, and magnetic properties of AlNiCo alloy have been investigated. An appropriate amount of Ta addition improves the permanent magnetic performance of the AlNiCo alloy. The optimal content of Ta addition is 0.6 wt%. It is found that with increasing isothermal magnetic annealing time, (BH)_max, H_cj, and B_r increase first and then decrease. The sample with the isothermal magnetic annealing time of 20 min shows the optimal permanent magnetic performance with (BH)_max, H_cj, and B_r of 5.73 MGOe, 1.85 kOe, and 9.16 kGs, respectively. Ta element aggregates at the joints between adjacent α₁ phases and plays the role of separator, which reduces the magnetic interaction between adjacent α₁ phases and improves permanent magnetic performance. A modest isothermal magnetic annealing time promotes the aggregation of Ta element at the joints between adjacent α₁ phases and suppresses the formation of small α₁ phases. This is the reason for the enhancement of permanent magnetic performance.

This review comprehensively examines the durability issues and technological advancements of nickel-based alloys in high-temperature service conditions, focusing on oxidation, creep, thermal shock, and corrosion performance, as well as the underlying mechanisms of crack formation and suppression in laser cladding. It first explores the roles and limitations of alloy composition, microstructure control, and surface modification in enhancing high-temperature oxidation and creep resistance. Then, it thoroughly analyzes the impacts of thermal stress, solidification shrinkage, and elemental segregation during laser cladding on crack formation, and summarizes crack-suppression strategies like reducing dilution, adjusting laser energy density, altering scanning speed, and adding small amounts of Mo. The review notes that while nickel-based alloys show significant mechanical and chemical stability in high-temperature environments, they still face challenges in balancing microstructure and macro-properties, co-optimizing multiple properties, and controlling processing costs. Future research should focus on developing multi-scale, multi-physical, field-coupled theoretical models, finely tuning process parameters, and establishing unified evaluation standards to promote the widespread use of nickel-based alloys in key sectors like aviation and energy.