Applied Research最新文献

Saccharomyces cerevisiae LBTF 21.3, Pichia manshurica LBTF 21.1, and Leuconostoc lactis LBTF 21.1 were used as single and mixed cultures in coffee fermentations. Fermentations carried out in glass jars with P. manshurica LBTF 21.1/Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1 showed higher fermentation rates than S. cerevisiae LBTF 21.3/P. manshurica LBTF 21.1 or S. cerevisiae LBTF 21.3/Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1. The highest cup quality was reached with P. manshurica LBTF 21.1/Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1 (83.0 points). Full factorial design (2²) carried out with P. manshurica LBTF 21.1 revealed that the higher proportion of water added before the fermentation resulted in higher production of acetic acid. A contrary effect of this variable was observed on the production of lactic acid with Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1. Fermentations conducted in bioreactor evidenced the production of acetaldehyde by P. manshurica LBTF 21.1/Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1, P. manshurica LBTF 21.1, and Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1. Additionally, the highest cup quality was reached in fermentations with P. manshurica LBTF 21.1 (82.5 points) followed by Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1 (81.5 points) and P. manshurica LBTF 21.1/Leuc. lactis LBTF 21.1 (81.0 points). Fermentations of coffee with single and mixed cultures are interesting strategies for the improvement of the sensory quality.

An important process step in carbon fiber production is the stabilization of the pan precursor fiber, which makes it infusible and incombustible. This article gives a market overview of the carbon fiber producers relating to their used oxidations oven and of market of oxidations oven itself. All six industrially available oxidation oven types are described and an overview of the oven supplier is given. The analysis of the oxidation oven market shows that only three out of six oxidation oven technologies are used for large-volume production. CtE is currently the most widely used oven technology with approximately 55%. Since 2014, CF demand has been growing faster than the expansion of production capacities. A shortage is predicted within the next 5 years. In addition, the production capacities of existing CF lines have stagnated at an average of 1.5 kt*a⁻¹ since the last 10 years. To meet the increasing CF demand in the coming years, various options are available: (1) Increasing large-tow production, (2) Increasing process speed (3) Increasing the loading factor (4) Increasing with of oxidation oven.

Diaryliodonium salts (Ar₂I⁺X⁻) are used as a photosensitive initiator that generates acid or radical species by ultraviolet light irradiation. Recently, sensitization of Ar₂I⁺X⁻ has gained importance owing to the escalating demand for high-sensitive initiators with longer wavelength absorption such as 365 and 436 nm. However, the mechanism of photolysis of Ar₂I⁺X⁻ has not been strictly elucidated. This paper shows discussions of the details of its mechanism. Herein, we analyzed the photosensitization of Ar₂I⁺X⁻ with 2–isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) based on transient absorption techniques. As a result, it was revealed that electron transfer occurred from a triplet excited state of ITX to Ar₂I⁺X⁻ with an electron transfer rate constant of 4.2 × 10⁹ s⁻¹. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography measurements found the quantum yield of the photolysis was determined to be 0.48.

Despite the unique advantages a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) offers to the grid-integrated renewable energy systems, they have a limitation of being susceptible to grid fault as their stator windings are directly connected to the grid. The fault current limiters (FCLs) provide a sustainable solution by enhancing the fault ride-through capability and thus it improve the transient performance of a DFIG. In this work, a multi-inductor-based H-bridge fault current limiter (HBFCL) is proposed to augment the transient performance of a DFIG. The operational efficacy of the HBFCL is evaluated through the administration of both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault scenarios. The effectiveness of the HBFCL is further investigated by comparing the performance of the HBFCL with that of the bridge-type series dynamic braking resistor (BSDBR). Both the graphical and numerical interpretations of the simulation result assert that the HBFCL improves the transient performance of a DFIG-based wind farm and outweighs the performance of the BSDBR in all aspects.

The cover features a tree named “photopolymerization” that grows exceptionally lush and beautiful under the sunlight. The sunlight represents three different light sources, categorizing the photopolymerization technology into three domains: UV, visible, and NIR. The luxuriant branches and leaves resemble the broad applicability of photopolymerization technology. This overview briefly introduces the application of photopolymerization technology in five areas: thiol-ene polymerization, photoinduced controlled/living polymerizations (CLPs), 3D printing, UV nanoimprint lithography photoresist, and hydrogels, highlighting the irreplaceable role of photopolymerization technology in today's world. Read the article here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202300030.

The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a new nanocatalyst that could produce materials with a lower sulfur content, thereby reducing its environmental harm. To achieve this, the researchers used the sol-gel method to synthesize a heterogeneous nanocatalyst by attaching sandwich-type polyoxotungstate [(CuW₉O₃₄)₂Cu₄(H₂O)₂⁻¹⁰] (denoted as Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀) clusters on the surface of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs). To characterize the nanocatalyst, several analysis techniques were employed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The oxidative desulfurization of hazardous sulfur-containing real and model fuel oils was effectively catalyzed by the Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀⊂CuFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst. According to the experimental findings, the best efficiencies in oxidation reaction were achieved in 1 h contracting time at 35°C, which was as high as 95%. The Cu₆W₁₈O₇₀⊂CuFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst exhibited impressive removal rates (%) on dibenzothiophene (C₁₂H₈S), benzothiophene (C₈H₆S), and thiophene (C₄H₄S) of model fuels, with figures reaching 97%, 96% and, 96% respectively. Furthermore, multiple recycling of the uniform nanocatalyst can be achieved effortlessly through filtration, without experiencing any notable decline in activity. Therefore, the authors suggest that this study will pave the way for the widely used mentioned nanocatalyst in the practical and workable organization of petroleum fractions.

In this work, the bioabsorbable materials, namely fibroin, polylactide acid (PLA), magnesium, and magnesium oxide are investigated for their application as transient, resistive temperature detectors (RTD). For this purpose, a thin-film magnesium-based meander-like electrode is deposited onto a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate (fibroin or PLA) and encapsulated (passivated) by additional magnesium oxide layers on top and below the magnesium-based electrode. The morphology of different layered RTDs is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The sensor performance and lifetime of the RTD is characterized both under ambient atmospheric conditions between 30°C and 43°C, and wet tissue-like conditions with a constant temperature regime of 37°C. The latter triggers the degradation process of the magnesium-based layers. The 3-layers RTDs on a PLA substrate could achieve a lifetime of 8.5 h. These sensors also show the best sensor performance under ambient atmospheric conditions with a mean sensitivity of 0.48 Ω/°C ± 0.01 Ω/°C.

Tilapia farmers would benefit tremendously if they could decrease aggression among fish. Conspecific aggression affects the growth, feed conversion, and general well-being of fish. Previous studies established an inverse relationship between blood cholesterol levels and aggression in fish, whereby a decrease in cholesterol led to an increase in aggression. The present study assessed the effect of an increase in dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol and a possible decrease in the aggression of Nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia were stocked in an outdoor recirculation system and then offered one of five diets: 0% cholesterol, 0.5% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol, 1.5% cholesterol, and 2% cholesterol. Five fish of each treatment were moved to a glass tank and monitored for signs of aggression for 10 min, twice a day. This experimental procedure was repeated five times using a new set of fish every time. Results show an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood but that there are no significant differences in aggression among treatments. Accordingly, the present study suggests that an increase in dietary cholesterol increases blood cholesterol in fish but does not have a significant effect on antagonistic patterns in Nile tilapia.

Solar-driven overall water splitting using particulate photocatalysts represents a viable and attractive paradigm to produce H₂. To achieve sustainable artificial photosynthesis, considerable effort has been devoted in enhancing the overall efficiency and stability of photocatalysts. More specifically, modifying the photocatalyst surface with suitable cocatalysts can significantly enhance its water-splitting performance. In this minireview, we describe recent advances with respect to the hybridization strategies in constructing high-performance cocatalyst/photocatalyst systems. We first discuss the fundamental concepts and principles governing the photocatalytic water splitting and the important role of cocatalysts. Subsequently, we examine the strengths and drawbacks of conventional and emerging cocatalyst loading strategies. Special consideration is given to the structure–activity relationship of cocatalysts to achieve efficient photocatalytic H₂ production from pure H₂O. Finally, the remaining key challenges and possible future directions in the discovery and further exploration of cocatalyst materials are also discussed. We anticipate this review will provide insights and inspire more research interest in designing high-performance cocatalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Properties of CuSCN thin films such as morphology, crystal orientation, optical transparency, and work function can be tuned in their cathodic electrodeposition simply by changing the ratio of Cu²⁺ and SCN⁻ ions in the electrolytic bath. Read the article here https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/appl.202200097.