This study aimed to evaluate the state of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Methods
In this open label, randomised, prospective study. The study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes, whose average age was 58.79 ± 1.27 years. In general, the average diabetes experience was 7 ± 3.16 years, HbA1C-9.3 ± 1.82 %, BMI-28.05 ± 3.45. Non-HDL cholesterol levels were calculated (non-HDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - HDL).
Results
As a result of the analysis, a negative relationship of moderate strength was revealed between eGFRcr levels in the blood of TCh (r = -0.32; p < 0.01), triglycerides (r = -0.51; p < 0.018), non-HDL (r = –0.44; p < 0.01) and weak positive association with HDL (r = 0.28; p = 0.01). Negative relationships were also established between the A/Cr index and the blood level of TCh (r = -0.37; p < 0.01), triglycerides (r = –0.42; p < 0.01), non-HDL (r = – 0.35; p < 0.01)/
Conclusion
Therefore, in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is advisable to determine the level of TG in the blood even with reference or slightly elevated levels of TG and non-HDL to predict DN.
{"title":"The state of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Lola Daminova MD, PhD, DSc , Sitorakhon Muminova PhD , Bakhodir Nigmonov PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the state of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this open label, randomised, prospective study. The study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes, whose average age was 58.79 ± 1.27 years. In general, the average diabetes experience was 7 ± 3.16 years, HbA1C-9.3 ± 1.82 %, BMI-28.05 ± 3.45. Non-HDL cholesterol levels were calculated (non-HDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - HDL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As a result of the analysis, a negative relationship of moderate strength was revealed between eGFRcr levels in the blood of TCh (<em>r</em> = -0.32; <em>p</em> < 0.01), triglycerides (<em>r</em> = -0.51; <em>p</em> < 0.018), non-HDL (<em>r</em> = –0.44; <em>p</em> < 0.01) and weak positive association with HDL (<em>r</em> = 0.28; <em>p</em> = 0.01). Negative relationships were also established between the A/Cr index and the blood level of TCh (<em>r</em> = -0.37; <em>p</em> < 0.01), triglycerides (<em>r</em> = –0.42; <em>p</em> < 0.01), non-HDL (<em>r</em> = – 0.35; <em>p</em> < 0.01)/</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Therefore, in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is advisable to determine the level of TG in the blood even with reference or slightly elevated levels of TG and non-HDL to predict DN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atrial fibrillation (AF), which is an aging disease, and periodontal disease (PD) are prevalent, and AF and PD may be associated with each other. Inflammation plays a role in the two pathologies. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms associated with these conditions.
Methods
A bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles in the blood and left atrial tissue samples of patients with AF and in the blood samples of patients with PD. Our analysis involved comparing gene expression profiles between patients with AF, those with sinus rhythm, and individuals with and without PD. This comparative approach enabled us to identify upregulated genes in both the AF and PD cohorts.
Results
The expression of 40 genes was upregulated in patients with AF and PD, with a significant enrichment for genes associated with inflammation. Notably, a network analysis revealed distinct functional associations among these genes. Interestingly, the expressions of three lysosome-related genes in all analyzed tissues (AF blood, PD blood, and AF left atrium) were upregulated.
Conclusion
Inflammation played a role in AF and PD. Further, based on the upregulated expression of lysosome-related genes across all samples that were evaluated, in addition to inflammation, lysosomal function had a possible role in the co-existence of the two diseases.
{"title":"Association between atrial fibrillation and periodontal disease: A bioinformatics analysis","authors":"Takahiro Kamihara , Yoshihiro Kugimiya , Takuya Omura , Shinji Kaneko , Ken Tanaka , Akihiro Hirashiki , Manabu Kokubo , Atsuya Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Atrial fibrillation (AF), which is an aging disease, and periodontal disease (PD) are prevalent, and AF and PD may be associated with each other. Inflammation plays a role in the two pathologies. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms associated with these conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles in the blood and left atrial tissue samples of patients with AF and in the blood samples of patients with PD. Our analysis involved comparing gene expression profiles between patients with AF, those with sinus rhythm, and individuals with and without PD. This comparative approach enabled us to identify upregulated genes in both the AF and PD cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The expression of 40 genes was upregulated in patients with AF and PD, with a significant enrichment for genes associated with inflammation. Notably, a network analysis revealed distinct functional associations among these genes. Interestingly, the expressions of three lysosome-related genes in all analyzed tissues (AF blood, PD blood, and AF left atrium) were upregulated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Inflammation played a role in AF and PD. Further, based on the upregulated expression of lysosome-related genes across all samples that were evaluated, in addition to inflammation, lysosomal function had a possible role in the co-existence of the two diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100094
Antonia Christina Samiou , Maria Kokoti , Theodora Slini , Vassiliki Anastassiadou , Bernd Kordaß , Athina Bakopoulou
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the chewing ability of 97 institutionalized older adults and its relevance to their status of dentition and type of prosthetic rehabilitation. The participants were categorized according to their dental status. The chewing ability was determined by semi-quantitative evaluation of a colour-changeable chewing gum and by recording the personal perception of the participants on a similar scale. The colorimetric means of the participants was significantly lower than the perception means. One-third of the participants had at least one jaw restored with complete dentures, while 17% were restored with tooth-supported or implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Based on the colorimetric method, edentulous participants displayed significantly lower chewing performance compared to all other groups. Additionally, participants with at least one complete denture exhibited weaker chewing function than those with natural teeth or fixed partial dentures. The age and sex of the participants had no further impact on the results. As the institutionalized elderly seem to overestimate their chewing efficiency, the colour changeable chewing gum could be used in nursing homes, as a simple method to determine their real masticatory function status and improve their dental care.
{"title":"Association between the type of dental prosthesis and the masticatory performance of institutionalized patients: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Antonia Christina Samiou , Maria Kokoti , Theodora Slini , Vassiliki Anastassiadou , Bernd Kordaß , Athina Bakopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the chewing ability of 97 institutionalized older adults and its relevance to their status of dentition and type of prosthetic rehabilitation. The participants were categorized according to their dental status. The chewing ability was determined by semi-quantitative evaluation of a colour-changeable chewing gum and by recording the personal perception of the participants on a similar scale. The colorimetric means of the participants was significantly lower than the perception means. One-third of the participants had at least one jaw restored with complete dentures, while 17% were restored with tooth-supported or implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Based on the colorimetric method, edentulous participants displayed significantly lower chewing performance compared to all other groups. Additionally, participants with at least one complete denture exhibited weaker chewing function than those with natural teeth or fixed partial dentures<strong>.</strong> The age and sex of the participants had no further impact on the results. As the institutionalized elderly seem to overestimate their chewing efficiency, the colour changeable chewing gum could be used in nursing homes, as a simple method to determine their real masticatory function status and improve their dental care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the causes of polypharmacy is aimless medication use due to poor understanding of medications. However, some patients do not adequately understand the indication for medications and adverse effects of polypharmacy. This study aimed to develop a screening tool, the medication status check (MSC), to identify patients with poor understanding of their medications to reduce aimless medication use in Japan.
Methods
This multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in nine hospitals in Japan. Inpatients aged ≥75 years were surveyed between September 2023 and March 2024. A chi-squared test was conducted to determine the relationship of the 19 MSC draft items with poor and good understanding of medications. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was then performed using significant questions (i.e., those with a P-value of <0.05), and cut-off values were obtained.
Results
Overall, 3 items, comprising 2 of the draft MSC questions and the use of ≥5 medications, were designated as the MSC-3. The area under the ROC curve was 0.686 (95 % confidence interval: 0.582–0.778, P < 0.001), indicating that the MSC-3 was useful as a screening tool. When at least one of the MSC-3 items was met, this approach resulted in a sensitivity of 93.1 % and specificity of 21.7 % in identifying the need for polypharmacy intervention.
Conclusions
Use of the MSC-3 will enable pharmacists to intervene at an early stage, potentially contributing to a reduction in the incidence of polypharmacy.
{"title":"Development of a medication status check sheet to identify patients with poor understanding of their medications: A multicenter study in Japan","authors":"Tomoya Obara , Ryota Kumaki , Hiroshi Shinonaga , Yasushi Takai , Keiichiro Higashi , Maho Tatsumi , Hiroko Otsubo , Makoto Akao , Koji Muto , Akie Yamaguchi , Yoshitomo Shimazaki , Keiko Kishimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the causes of polypharmacy is aimless medication use due to poor understanding of medications. However, some patients do not adequately understand the indication for medications and adverse effects of polypharmacy. This study aimed to develop a screening tool, the medication status check (MSC), to identify patients with poor understanding of their medications to reduce aimless medication use in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in nine hospitals in Japan. Inpatients aged ≥75 years were surveyed between September 2023 and March 2024. A chi-squared test was conducted to determine the relationship of the 19 MSC draft items with poor and good understanding of medications. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was then performed using significant questions (i.e., those with a <em>P</em>-value of <0.05), and cut-off values were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 3 items, comprising 2 of the draft MSC questions and the use of ≥5 medications, were designated as the MSC-3. The area under the ROC curve was 0.686 (95 % confidence interval: 0.582–0.778, <em>P</em> < 0.001), indicating that the MSC-3 was useful as a screening tool. When at least one of the MSC-3 items was met, this approach resulted in a sensitivity of 93.1 % and specificity of 21.7 % in identifying the need for polypharmacy intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Use of the MSC-3 will enable pharmacists to intervene at an early stage, potentially contributing to a reduction in the incidence of polypharmacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100091
Maryam koosha , Amir Lalegani
Background
With the increasing elderly population, understanding their social health is critical to improving their quality of life. This study aims to comprehensively assess the social health of elderly individuals in Tehran, focusing on the specific challenges they face and their needs.
Methods
A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 elderly participants. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and analyze key social health issues at the individual, family, and community levels.
Results
The study identified several significant challenges for the elderly, including gender-based neglect, lack of empowerment, social isolation, financial difficulties, issues with respect, generational conflicts, perceived injustice, cultural gaps, and a scarcity of elderly-friendly spaces. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved social support and services, enhanced psychological support, and the development of urban spaces that accommodate the elderly.
Conclusions
Addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach, including the establishment of social and cultural centers, implementation of social support programs, increased awareness and education, and provision of financial assistance. By tackling these issues, policymakers and social managers can devise more effective programs and policies to enhance the social health and quality of life for the elderly in Tehran. Future research should explore cultural factors, regional differences, and the impact of socio-economic changes on the social health of the elderly.
{"title":"Assessing the social health of the elderly in Tehran: Challenges and strategic solutions","authors":"Maryam koosha , Amir Lalegani","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the increasing elderly population, understanding their social health is critical to improving their quality of life. This study aims to comprehensively assess the social health of elderly individuals in Tehran, focusing on the specific challenges they face and their needs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 elderly participants. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and analyze key social health issues at the individual, family, and community levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identified several significant challenges for the elderly, including gender-based neglect, lack of empowerment, social isolation, financial difficulties, issues with respect, generational conflicts, perceived injustice, cultural gaps, and a scarcity of elderly-friendly spaces. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved social support and services, enhanced psychological support, and the development of urban spaces that accommodate the elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Addressing these challenges necessitates a multifaceted approach, including the establishment of social and cultural centers, implementation of social support programs, increased awareness and education, and provision of financial assistance. By tackling these issues, policymakers and social managers can devise more effective programs and policies to enhance the social health and quality of life for the elderly in Tehran. Future research should explore cultural factors, regional differences, and the impact of socio-economic changes on the social health of the elderly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100088
Geovanna de Paula Martins de Souza , Jéssica Naveca De Abreu , Rômulo de Oliveira Sena , Andreza dos Santos Silva , Jean Carlos Constantino Silva , Walbert Menezes Bitar , Marília Leite dos Santos Silva , Leandro Augusto Pereira de Souza , Ewertton de Souza Bezerra
Objective
To analyze the agreement between instrument versions (paper vs. digital) of the MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MoCA), and evaluate the reproducibility and usability of the electronic instrument.
Methods
A total of 118 community-dwelling older women, aged 60 to 79 years, participated in a two-stage data collection process. In the first stage, both the paper and digital versions of the MoCA were randomly administered. Two weeks later, a subset of the participants was randomly selected for a retest, performed only on the mobile phone. Data analysis included agreement coefficients, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, mean square differences, mean, and standard deviation to screen for mild cognitive impairment.
Results
The results revealed substantial agreement (CCC=0.777; p < 0.001) and moderate to high internal consistency (α = 0.736). High reproducibility was observed across different age ranges, 60 to 69 years (CCC=0.752; p < 0.001) and 70 to 79 years (CCC = 0.772; p < 0.001), and usability was rated as excellent (76.25).
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that the electronic version of the MoCA (DS-MoCA) using a mobile phone is a valid alternative for cognitive assessment in older women.
{"title":"Concordance, reproducibility, and usability of a Brazilian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire in electronic format (Appsheet) to screen cognitive impairment in older women","authors":"Geovanna de Paula Martins de Souza , Jéssica Naveca De Abreu , Rômulo de Oliveira Sena , Andreza dos Santos Silva , Jean Carlos Constantino Silva , Walbert Menezes Bitar , Marília Leite dos Santos Silva , Leandro Augusto Pereira de Souza , Ewertton de Souza Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the agreement between instrument versions (paper vs. digital) of the MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MoCA), and evaluate the reproducibility and usability of the electronic instrument.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 118 community-dwelling older women, aged 60 to 79 years, participated in a two-stage data collection process. In the first stage, both the paper and digital versions of the MoCA were randomly administered. Two weeks later, a subset of the participants was randomly selected for a retest, performed only on the mobile phone. Data analysis included agreement coefficients, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, mean square differences, mean, and standard deviation to screen for mild cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed substantial agreement (CCC=0.777; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and moderate to high internal consistency (α = 0.736). High reproducibility was observed across different age ranges, 60 to 69 years (CCC=0.752; <em>p</em> < 0.001) and 70 to 79 years (CCC = 0.772; <em>p</em> < 0.001), and usability was rated as excellent (76.25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide evidence that the electronic version of the MoCA (DS-MoCA) using a mobile phone is a valid alternative for cognitive assessment in older women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100090
Ryuzo Orihashi PhD , Yoshito Mizoguchi MD, PhD
Oxytocin is recognized for its role in affection and child-rearing. However, it also plays an important role in maintaining social connections, such as deepening attachment to and trust in others and improving social cognition. Preventing social isolation may thus contribute to reducing the risk of developing dementia. The Kurokawa Study, which was conducted on community-dwelling older people, demonstrated a correlation between higher serum oxytocin levels in older adults and preserved memory and hippocampal volume seven years later. Interventional studies investigating the effects of intranasal administration of oxytocin in older adults are warranted to elucidate its role in memory preservation. Given oxytocin's diverse influence on cognitive function, its potential applications in psychiatric care for the older, such as dementia prevention, warrant further exploration.
{"title":"Oxytocin for maintaining mental health in older adults","authors":"Ryuzo Orihashi PhD , Yoshito Mizoguchi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin is recognized for its role in affection and child-rearing. However, it also plays an important role in maintaining social connections, such as deepening attachment to and trust in others and improving social cognition. Preventing social isolation may thus contribute to reducing the risk of developing dementia. The Kurokawa Study, which was conducted on community-dwelling older people, demonstrated a correlation between higher serum oxytocin levels in older adults and preserved memory and hippocampal volume seven years later. Interventional studies investigating the effects of intranasal administration of oxytocin in older adults are warranted to elucidate its role in memory preservation. Given oxytocin's diverse influence on cognitive function, its potential applications in psychiatric care for the older, such as dementia prevention, warrant further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100089
Markus Svensson , Henrik Ekström , Sölve Elmståhl , Aldana Rosso
Background
Polypharmacy has been linked with social isolation and loneliness among older people. The roles of different medication groups to this association are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) and cardiovascular drugs with loneliness and social isolation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 6714 adults aged 60 years and above living in southern Sweden. Participants were examined between 2001 and 2021. Associations of polypharmacy, FRIDs, and cardiovascular drugs with social isolation and loneliness were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.
Results
FRIDs were associated with feelings of loneliness (OR, 2.00; 95 % CI, 1.75–2.29; P < 0.001). In contrast, polypharmacy (OR, 1.08; 95 % CI, 0.93–1.25; P = 0.34), and cardiovascular drugs (OR, 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.84–1.13; P = 0.71) were not associated with loneliness. Neither polypharmacy (OR, 1.17; 95 % CI, 0.99–1.38; P = 0.07), FRIDs (OR, 1.10; 95 % CI, 0.95–1.28; P = 0.20), nor cardiovascular drugs (OR, 0.96; 95 % CI, 0.81–1.14; P = 0.63) were associated with social isolation.
Conclusions
FRIDs, but neither polypharmacy nor cardiovascular drugs, were associated with loneliness. Findings may indicate that medication class, not simply the share number of medications, is important in terms of loneliness.
{"title":"Association of polypharmacy, fall-risk-increasing drugs, and cardiovascular drugs with loneliness and social isolation among older adults","authors":"Markus Svensson , Henrik Ekström , Sölve Elmståhl , Aldana Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Polypharmacy has been linked with social isolation and loneliness among older people. The roles of different medication groups to this association are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) and cardiovascular drugs with loneliness and social isolation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 6714 adults aged 60 years and above living in southern Sweden. Participants were examined between 2001 and 2021. Associations of polypharmacy, FRIDs, and cardiovascular drugs with social isolation and loneliness were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FRIDs were associated with feelings of loneliness (OR, 2.00; 95 % CI, 1.75–2.29; <em>P</em> < 0.001). In contrast, polypharmacy (OR, 1.08; 95 % CI, 0.93–1.25; <em>P</em> = 0.34), and cardiovascular drugs (OR, 0.97; 95 % CI, 0.84–1.13; <em>P</em> = 0.71) were not associated with loneliness. Neither polypharmacy (OR, 1.17; 95 % CI, 0.99–1.38; <em>P</em> = 0.07), FRIDs (OR, 1.10; 95 % CI, 0.95–1.28; <em>P</em> = 0.20), nor cardiovascular drugs (OR, 0.96; 95 % CI, 0.81–1.14; <em>P</em> = 0.63) were associated with social isolation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FRIDs, but neither polypharmacy nor cardiovascular drugs, were associated with loneliness. Findings may indicate that medication class, not simply the share number of medications, is important in terms of loneliness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100087
Victoria McArthur , Susan Everington , Martyn Patel
Introductio
Dementia is a global health priority, with an increasing percentage of overall hospital bed days occupied by people with dementia (PWD). This combined with increased demand and availability of complex scanning means that there is a need for all pathways including diagnostic imaging to consider interventions to improve patient experience and outcomes.
Objectives
Assess the effectiveness of music-based interventions designed to lower anxiety, improve wellbeing and allow better management and care of PWD in an acute hospital setting.
Methods
A systematic search of seven databases was conducted in May 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant reviews and articles were also examined for additional sources.
Results
Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review, which included a total of 581 people with dementia. The studies were of varying design, some with very small sample sizes. Quality of the studies varied, but overall were of moderate to good quality. However, only three studies were RCT and only one of these blinded to the intervention. Overall eleven of the included articles reported a reduction in behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia, with one RCT reporting a significant reduction.
Conclusion
While this review supports the effectiveness of music-based interventions to lower anxiety of people with dementia in acute care it also highlights the need for more robust, high quality trials in a challenging environment. Research should establish the best interventions to enhance the care experience of people living with dementia that can be easily incorporated into acute care settings.
{"title":"Effectiveness of music-based interventions in acute care settings for people living with dementia to reduce anxiety and enhance the care experience: A systematic review.","authors":"Victoria McArthur , Susan Everington , Martyn Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introductio</h3><div>Dementia is a global health priority, with an increasing percentage of overall hospital bed days occupied by people with dementia (PWD). This combined with increased demand and availability of complex scanning means that there is a need for all pathways including diagnostic imaging to consider interventions to improve patient experience and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Assess the effectiveness of music-based interventions designed to lower anxiety, improve wellbeing and allow better management and care of PWD in an acute hospital setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of seven databases was conducted in May 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant reviews and articles were also examined for additional sources.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review, which included a total of 581 people with dementia. The studies were of varying design, some with very small sample sizes. Quality of the studies varied, but overall were of moderate to good quality. However, only three studies were RCT and only one of these blinded to the intervention. Overall eleven of the included articles reported a reduction in behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia, with one RCT reporting a significant reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While this review supports the effectiveness of music-based interventions to lower anxiety of people with dementia in acute care it also highlights the need for more robust, high quality trials in a challenging environment. Research should establish the best interventions to enhance the care experience of people living with dementia that can be easily incorporated into acute care settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100082
Ruru Ping PhD
Health and social care systems often operate in silos and cannot meet the complex needs of older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Since 2016, China has been implementing an integrated care initiative in some cities. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of integrating health and social care in China on social care use among older adults with chronic conditions. Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 5,259), I employed a difference-in-differences analysis to evaluate the effects of the integrated care initiative. The initiative reduced social care use by 4.5 percentage points, primarily through a decreased receipt of informal care rather than formal care. The reduction in social care use was primarily due to a delayed increase in care levels, rather than a substitution with outpatient or inpatient services. The integration of health and social care was found to delay the progression of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) by 8.8 percentage points but had no impact on activities of daily living (ADL). Heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of the integrated care initiative on social care receipt and IADL limitation were weaker among those living in the Eastern region of China compared to other regions, indicating additional benefits of the initiative in mitigating geographical disparities. My findings suggest that integrating health and social care can effectively reduce the likelihood of older adults with chronic diseases receiving assistance for daily living tasks from family carers and delay the decline in their functional capabilities.
{"title":"Evaluating the impacts of integrating health and social care systems on social care use among older adults with chronic diseases in China","authors":"Ruru Ping PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health and social care systems often operate in silos and cannot meet the complex needs of older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Since 2016, China has been implementing an integrated care initiative in some cities. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of integrating health and social care in China on social care use among older adults with chronic conditions. Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (<em>N</em> = 5,259), I employed a difference-in-differences analysis to evaluate the effects of the integrated care initiative. The initiative reduced social care use by 4.5 percentage points, primarily through a decreased receipt of informal care rather than formal care. The reduction in social care use was primarily due to a delayed increase in care levels, rather than a substitution with outpatient or inpatient services. The integration of health and social care was found to delay the progression of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) by 8.8 percentage points but had no impact on activities of daily living (ADL). Heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of the integrated care initiative on social care receipt and IADL limitation were weaker among those living in the Eastern region of China compared to other regions, indicating additional benefits of the initiative in mitigating geographical disparities. My findings suggest that integrating health and social care can effectively reduce the likelihood of older adults with chronic diseases receiving assistance for daily living tasks from family carers and delay the decline in their functional capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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