Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology最新文献

Skill acquisition research has great potential to inform coaching practices and can impact skill development, especially at the youth developmental stage. However, it is not always easy for coaches to envision how research findings can be applied on the ground. The Skill Acquisition Framework for youth sport in Singapore is aimed at providing an easy to understand evidence-based resource for coaches on the topic of skill acquisition. The framework consists of 3 dimensions (i.e., Desirable characteristics of youth athletes, Key Concepts and Key Design Principles). Each of these dimensions will enable coaches to reflect on their current practices and facilitate discussions in a systematic manner. The first dimension provides coaches with the opportunity to think about the most important characteristics that they want to develop in youth athletes (motivated, adaptable, robust under pressure). The second dimension of the framework introduces Key Concepts related to skill acquisition that are crucial for coaches to consider when working with athletes. Finally, the third dimension presents the Key Design Principles that can underpin the design of training sessions.

COVID-19 pandemic has radically impacted and altered the lives of billions of people around the world. Due to strict government policies, most individuals now find themselves confined at home with limited movement permissible. Although these measures are enforced to help abate the rate of infection, such restrictions have huge implications for the psychophysiological health, lifestyle, and overall well-being of individuals. The COVID-19 confined circumstances, coupled with the gradually declining levels of physical activity and rising levels of sedentarism that is prevalent in the modern society, can have deleterious effect on the psychological, physical, and social health of individuals. This paper argues for essential alternative measures to be introduced that would not only assuage the detrimental effects of COVID-19 confinement, physical inactivity, and sedentarism in the short-term, but also promote psychophysiological health and well-being in the long-term. In particular, this paper recommends the practice of mindfulness as a viable option under the current circumstances. This paper further outlines the health benefits of mindfulness practice and illustrates two effective and efficient practices — mindful breathing and mantram chanting — that could be suitably utilized under the current altered and confined COVID-19 arrangement by individuals across the life span. Potential benefits, recommendations, and risks have also been addressed.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between athletes’ mindfulness and discrepancy in their self-evaluated and teammate-evaluated performance decrement. The participants in this study were 120 university athletes who took part in a longitudinal survey at three time points. The participants first answered a survey to rate their mindfulness and own performance decrement. Then, they partnered with a teammate and evaluated each other's performance decrement. The participants were classified into a high mindfulness group and low mindfulness group based on their mindfulness score. A three-factor analysis of covariance (group × time × evaluator) was conducted. The two-way interaction between group and evaluator was significant. A simple main effect analysis showed that the low mindfulness group scored higher on performance decrement than the high mindfulness group in self-evaluation, whereas no difference was observed between the groups in terms of teammate evaluation. Therefore, it was inferred that athletes with low mindfulness are more likely to evaluate their own performance negatively compared to athletes with high mindfulness, even when their teammates do not.

The aim of this study is to examine the structural relationship in the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavioural change constructs among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was carried out by randomly selecting students participating in campus co-curricular activities. Questionnaires, comprising queries on the stages of change (SOC) — an 18-item self-efficacy (SE) scale, a 10-item decisional balance (DB) scale, and 30-item processes of change (PoC) scale — were distributed to the students. Their answers were analysed using Mplus 8 software for structural equation modelling. There were 562 participants comprising 118 males (21.0 %) and 444 females (79.0 %) with average age of 19.81±1.22 SD. Most of them were involved in sports (46.3 %) and non-sports (46.6 %) programmes, and exercised at least three times per week for approximately 43 minutes per session. Minority of the undergraduate students (7.1%) are involved in uniform group. The initial hypothesized structural equation modelling showed that the data fitted well. The fit indices were within recommended values (CFI= 0.967; TLI= 0.939; SRMR= 0.034; RMSEA (CI: 90%) = 0.049 (0.028, 0.070); RMSEA p= 0.495). There were three hypothesized path relationships in this model. From the final structural model, the SOC had significant direct effects on SE (p = 0.001), DB (p < 0.001) and PoC (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study showed a positive relationship between TTM constructs. It could act as an excellent baseline model for physical activity intervention or motivational intervention.

Wu-wei is an important construct but is rarely discussed in the sport psychology literature. The present discussion fills the gap in literature and provides a conceptual overview of the wu-wei alternative. After explaining wu-wei briefly, the current state of mindfulness research is discussed to highlight the lack of research in understanding wu-wei and non-striving in sport psychology. In addition, the links between wu-wei and relevant constructs including mindfulness, non-striving, flow, nonduality, Zen, Mushin, motivation, goals, and implicit learning were clarified. Furthermore, suggestions on incorporating wu-wei as part of mindfulness training for athletes and possible future research directions are provided. In this difficult time of the global pandemic, wu-wei or non-striving mindset can help supporting athletes’ well-being and pursuit of goals beyond winning and striving.

The present study investigated the physical activity level of college students, the differences in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs by the stage of physical activity, and the theorized association of the TTM constructs with the stage of physical activity in college students. A total of 598 Korean college students (mean age = 21.52 years, SD = 2.59) from Seoul National University of Science and Technology, South Korea were voluntarily participated in the study. The standardized measures in Korean were applied to assess the study participants’ physical activity and the TTM constructs. Results indicated that there are significant differences in the physical activity distributions by gender. Moreover, the current findings revealed that all of the TTM constructs and physical activity differentiated college students across the stages of physical activity and that overall classification accuracy across the stages of physical activity was 53.0%. The study increases awareness but also influences perceptions regarding theoretically based and practically important physical activity strategies for public health professionals and health care providers.

This study examined primary school students’ goal content and attitudes toward physical activity during COVID-19 Conditional Movement Control Order . The participants were 312 students comprising 149 males and 163 females aged 11 and 12 years old from 3 primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. Participants were administered the Malay version of the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire Malay version (GCEQ; Chai et al., 2019) and Malay version of the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (M-APAS; Jeswenny, 2019). The independent sample t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between gender for goal content in social affiliation, t(310) = -2.18, p = 0.030, and age groups for skill development, t(310) = 2.35, p = 0.019. In addition, there was a significant difference in learning for attitudes between gender, p = 0.034, and age groups, p = 0.035. Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between goal content variables and attitude variables ranging from a very weak correlation (r = 0.13, p = 0.05) to moderate correlation (r = 0.57, p = 0.01). These results suggest that sustainable interventions that integrate goal content and attitudes can improve long-lasting positive participation towards physical activity and promote a healthy attitude towards healthy living.

Research has suggested that mindfulness can help combat stress, increase self-compassion, and improve well-being. Although mindfulness is also beneficial for student-athletes, little is known about how developmental differences due to age may influence intervention efficacy. The present study investigated whether 6-week Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) training had a differential effect on younger (first and second year) compared to older (third and fourth year) college student-athletes’ mindfulness, sport anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and satisfaction with both attention/emotion regulation and physical sport performance. Participants were 39 younger and 21 older female athletes from three teams (lacrosse, field hockey, track & field) at a private university in the United States, ranging in age from 18-22. Multiple 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVAs revealed significant reductions in sport anxiety as well as significant improvements on self-ratings of satisfaction with both attention/emotion regulation and physical sport performance. Older student-athletes improved more than their younger teammates on sport mindfulness, and independent samples t-tests indicated that older student-athletes reported more frequent mindfulness practice during workouts, team practice, and competitions. Linear regressions found that age predicted reductions in sport anxiety and improvements in dispositional mindful acceptance. Finally, student-athletes perceived MSPE to be moderately to highly successful in promoting change in a variety of performance-related areas such as anxiety reduction, focus, and the ability to let things go. The implications of these results are presented, as well as suggestions for future research on mindfulness mental training with college athletes.

Adolescents commonly exhibit high stress and emotional reactivity, and are prone to addictive behaviors including online gaming. Despite the negative impact, online gaming has recently been reported to improve cognitive function. This study examines differences in event-related potentials (ERP) during task switching according to the level of gaming addiction. High-risk, potential-risk, and general groups were recruited according to their Internet Addiction Scale results and total forty-five middle school boys aged 13–15 years participated in the study. The participants were asked to perform switching tasks consisting of size, value, and shape stimuli. The ERP analysis revealed greater N200 amplitudes in the high-risk and potential-risk groups compared with the general user group, suggesting that the participants with a greater involvement in Internet gaming have higher cognitive flexibility in resolving response-related cognitive interference during task-switching. In the analyses of P300, the potential-risk group exhibited higher amplitudes compared with the high-risk and general user groups at F3 region, and during the shape task, separately, which reflects enhanced cognitive flexibility of the potential-risk group to process the stimulus-related interference. The findings of this study suggest that moderate use of online games can enhance response inhibition and stimulus processing. The practical use of online games as an auxiliary means to support cognitive flexibility of adolescents struggling with stress and emotion processing should be explored in future research.