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CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE WATER OF SITNICA RIVER 锡尼察河水的化学计量学分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-305-316
V. Limani Hajnuni
The purpose of this study is to determine the water quality of the Sitnica river through the research and determination of some physico-chemical parameters of this water and the degree of pollution with heavy metals and various effluents along the entire flow of the river, within the borders of Republic of Kosovo. The geographical positions of sampling spots were determined by GPS, make GARMIN GEKO, 12 сhannel. The number of sampling spots is 9, and samples in every sampling spot were taken to determine the chemical parameters.The tracking of heavy materials is done through the ICP-MS and ICP-OES method. Following the results of our analyses it found that the temperature is almost unchanged and it is between 11.5 and 12 degrees. Electrical conductivity, starting from the spring, is increasing and it reaches the maximum rate (840 μS/cm) at point S5 (Palaj) as a consequence of industrial water spill and other anthropogenic polluters and again after that it starts to drop down along the flow of the river. The pH of water is between 7.83 in S1(Jezerc) and 8.6 in S3 (Lipjan). The turbidity is also increasing in S5. Total hardness reaches the maximum rate in S4 (Lismir), but it drops again, while the alkalinity reaches the maximum rate in S5. At sampling spot S4, metals Ni, Co, Si, Zn are noted for the maximum concentration comparing to other points, except in sampling spot S9(Mitrovica), where the rate is over 250 μg/dm3 . At the sampling point S9, the maximum content of cadmium is observed, at the point S2( Rubovich) - iron, at the point S1 – chromium. According to the performed chemical analysis, it can be concluded that the pollution of the Sitnitsa River is caused by anthropogenic sources, especially at sampling points S4, S5, S6 (Plemetin) and S9. Namely, where the river Drenica flows into Sitnica, which carries the industrial waters of the ferronickel plant (S4), then S5 and S6, where industrial waters come from thermal plants, and S9, where industrial waters come from the ore smelter in Mitrovica.
这项研究的目的是通过研究和确定锡蒂尼察河在科索沃共和国境内的一些物理化学参数,以及整个河流被重金属和各种污水污染的程度,来确定锡蒂尼察河的水质。采样点的地理位置由GPS确定,使GARMIN GEKO, 12通道。采样点为9个,每个采样点取样,确定化学参数。通过ICP-MS和ICP-OES法对重质物料进行跟踪。根据我们的分析结果,它发现温度几乎没有变化,在11.5到12度之间。从春季开始,电导率逐渐增加,在S5点(Palaj)由于工业废水溢出和其他人为污染物的影响,电导率达到最大值(840 μS/cm),之后电导率又开始沿着河流的流向下降。水的pH值在S1(耶泽克)的7.83和S3(利普詹)的8.6之间。浊度在S5也在增加。总硬度在S4 (Lismir)达到最大速率,但再次下降,而碱度在S5达到最大速率。除取样点S9(Mitrovica)的浓度超过250 μg/dm3外,S4取样点Ni、Co、Si、Zn的浓度最高。在采样点S9,观察到镉的最大含量,在点S2(Rubovich) -铁,在点S1 -铬。化学分析表明,西尼察河的污染主要是人为污染,尤其是采样点S4、S5、S6 (Plemetin)和S9。也就是说,德雷尼察河流入锡蒂尼察,那里有镍铁厂(S4)的工业用水,然后是S5和S6,那里的工业用水来自热电厂,S9,那里的工业用水来自米特罗维察的矿石冶炼厂。
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引用次数: 1
IR SPECTRA STUDY: ADVANTAGES OF METHANOL VAPOR FEEDING FOR NAFION® MEMBRANE STRUCTURE 红外光谱研究:甲醇蒸汽进料对nafion®膜结构的优势
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-297-304
D. D. Spasov, R. M. Mensharapov, N. A. Ivanova, V. Fateev
This paper presents the IR-spectroscopy investigation of interaction between polymer protonconducting membranes (Nafion® brand) and various solvents. The solvent effect on the formed membrane structure is determined. The advantages of saturating membranes with methanol vapors over dipping into water/water-methanol mixture for membrane properties as a solid polymer electrolyte in the fuel cell are shown. An original method of feeding methanol vapors to a fuel cell by a hydrogen flow is proposed. Keywords: membrane, solid polymer el
本文介绍了聚合物质子导电膜(Nafion®品牌)与各种溶剂之间相互作用的红外光谱研究。确定了溶剂对形成膜结构的影响。在燃料电池中,作为固体聚合物电解质,用甲醇蒸汽饱和膜比浸入水/水-甲醇混合物更具有薄膜性能的优点。提出了一种由氢气流向燃料电池供气甲醇蒸汽的新方法。关键词:膜;固体聚合物
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引用次数: 0
INTERACTION OF COBALT AND MANGANESE NITRATES WITH GRAPHITE UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS 水热条件下硝酸钴和硝酸锰与石墨的相互作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-1-35-39
A. A. Mammadova
The hydrothermal reduction of cobalt and manganese nitrates with graphite in the temperature range of 250-3500C has been investigated to obtain nanosized spinel structures. As a result, Co2Mn3O8 and (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4 spinel phases with average particle sizes of 42 nm and 66 nm have been obtained depending upon reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time and ratio of reagents). The compounds had the following compositions in accordance with the data of energy dispersive analysis (EDA): C-graphite - 86.2%, Co2Mn3O8 - 13.8%, and C-graphite - 93.2%; (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4 - 4.8%, Mn3O4 - 1.6%, Co3O4 - 0.5%.
在250 ~ 3500c的温度范围内,用石墨对硝酸钴和硝酸锰进行水热还原,得到纳米尖晶石结构。根据不同的反应条件(反应温度、反应时间和试剂配比),可以得到平均粒径为42 nm和66 nm的Co2Mn3O8和(Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4尖晶石相。根据能量色散分析(EDA)的数据,化合物的组成如下:c -石墨- 86.2%,Co2Mn3O8 - 13.8%, c -石墨- 93.2%;(Co、锰)(公司、锰)2 o4, 4.8%, Co3O4 Mn3O4 - 1.6%——0.5%。
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引用次数: 0
RECYCLING SLAG FROM COMBUSTION OF MSW INTO COMPLEX MINERAL FERTILIZERS USING POOR PHOSPHORITE 将城市生活垃圾燃烧产生的炉渣利用差磷矿转化为复合矿质肥料
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-2-138-144
S. A. Geraybeyli
The article deals with the issue of secondary recycling municipal solid waste (MSW) into complex mineral fertilizers using domestic agricultural raw materials. Used in the recycling were slag from combustion of MSW and poor phosphorite. The nature of the decomposition of phosphorite 50-80% acid H2SO4 was studied at an acid consumption rate of 60-110%, of the consumption rate of acid H2SO4, which made it possible to identify optimal conditions used also for recycling binary raw materials. The increase in the content of assimilable Р2О5 has been uncovered in the liquid phase during the recycling binary raw materials in comparison with the decomposition of phosphorite under similar conditions. The role of MSW of slag in increasing the content of assimilable Р2О5 due to the improvement of conditions for the diffusion of molecules of the formed phosphoric acid to phosphorite particles is explained. The possibility of regulating the characteristics of the obtained complex mineral fertilizers by the ratio of the components of raw materials is shown.
本文论述了以国内农业原料为原料,将城市生活垃圾二次回收制成复合矿质肥料的问题。回收利用的主要是城市生活垃圾燃烧渣和贫磷矿。研究了在硫酸消耗速率为硫酸消耗速率的60-110%的条件下,磷矿50-80%酸性H2SO4的分解性质,从而确定了回收二元原料的最佳条件。在回收二元原料的过程中,液相中可同化物Р2О5含量的增加与在类似条件下分解磷矿的过程相比有所增加。解释了渣中的生活垃圾由于改善了形成的磷酸分子向磷矿颗粒扩散的条件而提高可同化物Р2О5含量的作用。指出了通过原料组分的配比来调节复合矿质肥料特性的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF THE ISOMERIZATION REACTION OF BUTENE-1 TO BUTENES-2 ON BINARY TUNGSTEN-CONTAINING CATALYSTS 丁烯-1与丁烯-2在二元含钨催化剂上异构化反应的研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-256-263
K.X. Aghayeva, V. Baghiyev
The activity of tungsten-containing catalysts in the reaction of isomerization of butene-1 to butenes-2 was studied in the work. The results obtained showed that the ^ introduction of the second element into the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst had a different effect on its activity in the butene-1 isomerization reaction. It was established that an increase in the amount of molybdenum in the composition of a binary tungsten-containing catalyst at low temperatures leads to a decrease in the degree of butene-1 isomerization while at high temperatures it leads to an increase in the rate of butene-1 isomerization. It found that the addition of titanium to the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst leads to an increase in the butene-1 isomerization rate. When copper is added to the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst, the total yield of butene-2 passes through a maximum, and on samples rich in copper, the isomerization of butene-1 practically does not occur. It revealed that the activity of binary tungsten oxide catalysts in the isomerization reaction of butene-1 to butenes-2 changes in the following order: Ti-W-O > Mo-W-O > Cu-WO.
研究了含钨催化剂在丁烯-1与丁烯-2异构化反应中的活性。结果表明,在氧化钨催化剂的组成中引入第二元素对丁烯-1异构化反应的活性有不同的影响。在低温条件下,增加二元含钨催化剂中钼的加入量,丁烯-1的异构化程度降低;在高温条件下,钼的加入量增加,丁烯-1的异构化速率增加。研究发现,在氧化钨催化剂的组成中加入钛会导致丁烯-1异构化速率的增加。当在氧化钨催化剂的组成中加入铜时,丁烯-2的总产率达到最大值,而在富含铜的样品上,丁烯-1的异构化几乎不发生。结果表明,在丁烯-1与丁烯-2的异构化反应中,二元氧化钨催化剂的活性依次为:Ti-W-O > Mo-W-O > Cu-WO。
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引用次数: 1
BIOSTABLE LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY DIESELS 船用、机车和固定式柴油机用生物稳定润滑油组合物
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-242-248
Y. B. Ramazanova
The paper presents the results of research into the biostability of M-10 base oil samples with addition of protective additives for various purposes which are a part of the earlier composition of M-14В2 lubricating oil developed by us. It was established that despite the different nature of these additives (alkyl phenolates, dithiophosphates, sulfonates), all these samples are affected by microorganisms. It found that the introduction of 0,25% α-phenyl-β-nitroethene into the composition of these samples provides their long-term protection from microbiological damage. Based on the results obtained, a new biostable lubricating oil composition for marine, locomotive and stationary diesel engines was developed which does not lose its performance properties for a long time.
本文介绍了在M-10基础油样品中加入各种用途的保护性添加剂的生物稳定性研究结果,这些添加剂是我们开发的M-14В2润滑油早期成分的一部分。结果表明,尽管这些添加剂(烷基酚酸盐、二硫代磷酸盐、磺酸盐)性质不同,但所有这些样品都受到微生物的影响。研究发现,在这些样品的组成中引入0.25%的α-苯基-β-亚硝基,可以长期保护它们免受微生物损害。在此基础上,研制了一种新型的船用、机车和固定式柴油机生物稳定润滑油组合物,该组合物在较长时间内不会失去其性能。
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引用次数: 0
PHASE COMPOSITION AND OXIDATION DEGREE OF VANADIUM IN CATALYSTS FOR OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF PROPANE 丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂中钒的相组成及氧化程度
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-358-365
А.М. Sardarly
The phase composition of vanadium and vanadium-antimony-containing samples of γ-Al2O3 and the degree of oxidation of vanadium in them were examined by XRD and EPR methods, respectively. The data of XRD and EPR spectroscopy show the formation of highly dispersed vanadium-oxygen and vanadiumantimony-oxygen structures on the surface of the support. It is shown that the EPR spectra of the studied samples are due to "isolated" vanadium ions with an oxidation state of +4 in nonstoichiometric vanadium-oxygen and vanadium-antimony-oxygen formations with a square pyramid local environment structure with a characteristic V=O double bond. The EPR spectra of two types of paramagnetic centers of vanadium, which differ in the distortion of the square-pyramidal structure of the local environment of the vanadium ion, were identified. It was established that the number of ions with an oxidation state of +4 in V,Sb-containing samples depends on the V/Sb ratio in them.
用XRD和EPR方法分别研究了钒和含钒锑γ-Al2O3样品的物相组成和钒的氧化程度。XRD和EPR谱分析表明,载体表面形成了高度分散的钒氧结构和钒锑氧结构。结果表明,所研究样品的EPR光谱是由于“孤立”的钒离子在非化学计量的钒氧和钒锑氧结构中具有+4氧化态,具有方形金字塔局域环境结构,具有V=O双键特征。鉴定了两种顺磁中心的EPR谱,它们在钒离子局部环境的方-锥体结构畸变上存在差异。结果表明,含V、Sb样品中+4氧化态离子的数量取决于样品中的V/Sb比。
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引用次数: 1
BIOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF AMINOMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOXAZOLE 2-巯基苯并恶唑胺甲基衍生物的杀生活性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-366-373
L. Safarova
The biocidal activity of the aminomethyl derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole synthesized by us and being of interest as potential antimicrobial additives to petroleum products and cutting fluids, was studied. The aminomethylation reaction proceeded with the participation of methylene-bis-amines. As a result, the appropriate N-substituted benzoxazolin-2-thiones were obtained. Their structure was proved by NMR 1H. Due to the poor solubility of the synthesized compounds in petroleum products, their salts with petroleum naphthenic acid were obtained for microbiological testing. The results of tests in lubricating oil M-8 show that the naphthenic salts of the synthesized compounds exhibit biocidal activity and their fungicidal properties are higher than bactericidal ones. The petroleum naphthenic acid used in the test in its pure form in the composition of the M-8 lubricating oil is not biostable and is affected by microorganisms. N-piperidinomethylbenzoxazolin-2-thione in the composition of the coolant proved to be a biocide, and its bactericidal properties are higher than fungicidal ones. The results of a microbiological study of an aqueous solution of this compound showed high bactericidal properties in the absence of effectiveness against mold fungi.
研究了我们合成的2-巯基苯并恶唑胺甲基衍生物作为石油产品和切削液的潜在抗菌添加剂的杀菌活性。在亚甲二胺的参与下,氨基甲基化反应继续进行。结果得到了合适的n取代苯并恶唑啉-2-硫酮。它们的结构经核磁共振1H证实。由于合成的化合物在石油产品中的溶解度较差,制备了含石油环烷酸的盐类用于微生物学试验。在M-8润滑油中的试验结果表明,所合成化合物的环烷盐具有杀生物活性,其杀真菌性能高于杀菌性能。试验中使用的M-8润滑油组成中纯形式的石油环烷酸不具有生物稳定性,并受到微生物的影响。冷却剂成分中的n-哌啶甲基苯并恶唑-2-硫酮被证明是一种杀菌剂,其杀菌性能高于杀真菌性能。对该化合物水溶液的微生物学研究结果表明,在对霉菌没有效果的情况下,该化合物具有很高的杀菌性能。
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引用次数: 0
SUPERBASES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 有机合成中的超碱
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-325-340
B. Trofimov, E. Schmidt
In this concise review, an emphasis is laid on the important role of superbases as catalysts and reagents in organic synthesis that so far remain underestimated. Diverse approaches to understand the superbasicity phenomenon are considered and the definition of superbase is given. Typical compositions of most widespread superbase systems are systematized and tabulated. The representative classic organic reactions assisted by superbases are surveyed.
在这篇简明的综述中,重点介绍了迄今为止被低估的超碱作为催化剂和试剂在有机合成中的重要作用。本文考虑了理解超碱现象的多种途径,并给出了超碱的定义。对最普遍的超碱体系的典型组成进行了系统化和制表。综述了具有代表性的经典超碱辅助有机反应。
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引用次数: 0
PREPARATION OF HYDROXYAMINO DERIVATIVES OF POLYCYCLIC BRIDGING HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES 多环桥接烃羟基氨基衍生物的制备及其抗菌性能研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-271-276
M.B. Alaskarova
The paper present results of studies of the two-stage preparation of C10-C12 tricyclic vicinal amino alcohols from partially hydrogenated condensation products of cyclopentadiene and cyclohexa-1,3-diene, by epoxidizing them with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cobalt-containing polyoxomolybdate, followed by aminolysis of the oxidate with diethylamine, morpholine, or piperidine. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IK and 1H NMR and spectroscopy. The research into the antimicrobial properties of N-substituted amino alcohols showed their effectiveness as antimicrobial additives to M-8 engine oil.
本文介绍了环戊二烯和环己-1,3-二烯部分氢化缩合产物C10-C12三环邻氨基醇的两阶段制备研究结果,在含钴多氧钼酸盐存在下,用过氧化氢将它们环氧化,然后用二乙胺、啉或哌啶对氧化物进行氨解。合成的化合物的结构经IK、1H NMR和波谱确证。对n -取代氨基醇的抗菌性能研究表明,n -取代氨基醇作为M-8发动机油的抗菌添加剂是有效的。
{"title":"PREPARATION OF HYDROXYAMINO DERIVATIVES OF POLYCYCLIC BRIDGING HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES","authors":"M.B. Alaskarova","doi":"10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-271-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-271-276","url":null,"abstract":"The paper present results of studies of the two-stage preparation of C10-C12 tricyclic vicinal amino alcohols from partially hydrogenated condensation products of cyclopentadiene and cyclohexa-1,3-diene, by epoxidizing them with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cobalt-containing polyoxomolybdate, followed by aminolysis of the oxidate with diethylamine, morpholine, or piperidine. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IK and 1H NMR and spectroscopy. The research into the antimicrobial properties of N-substituted amino alcohols showed their effectiveness as antimicrobial additives to M-8 engine oil.","PeriodicalId":10015,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Problems","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89270486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Chemical Problems
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