BMEMat最新文献

The fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made astounding progress in recent years, evidenced by cutting-edge 4D printing technologies, precise gene editing tools, and sustained long-term functionality of engineered tissue grafts. Despite these fantastic feats, the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs so far remains limited to only those relatively simple types of tissues such as thin bilayer skin equivalents or avascular cartilage. On the other hand, volumetric tissues (larger than a few millimeters in all dimensions), which are highly desirable for clinical utility, suffer from poor oxygen supply due to limited dimensional diffusion. Notably, large, complex tissues typically require a vascular network to supply the growing cells with nutrients for metabolic demands to prolong viability and support tissue formation. In recognition, extensive efforts have been made to create vascular-like networks in order to facilitate mass exchange through volumetric scaffolds. This review underlines the urgent need for continued research to create more complex and functional vascular networks, which is crucial for generating viable volumetric tissues, and highlights the recent advances in sacrificial template-enabled formation of vascular-like networks.

Machine learning (ML) and nanotechnology interfacing are exploring opportunities for cancer treatment strategies. To improve cancer therapy, this article investigates the synergistic combination of Graphene Oxide (GO)-based devices with ML techniques. The production techniques and functionalization tactics used to modify the physicochemical characteristics of GO for specific drug delivery are explained at the outset of the investigation. GO is a great option for treating cancer because of its natural biocompatibility and capacity to absorb medicinal chemicals. Then, complicated biological data are analyzed using ML algorithms, which make it possible to identify the best medicine formulations and individualized treatment plans depending on each patient's particular characteristics. The study also looks at optimizing and predicting the interactions between GO carriers and cancer cells using ML. Predictive modeling helps ensure effective payload release and therapeutic efficacy in the design of customized drug delivery systems. Furthermore, tracking treatment outcomes in real time is made possible by ML algorithms, which permit adaptive modifications to therapy regimens. By optimizing medication doses and delivery settings, the combination of ML and GO in cancer therapy not only decreases adverse effects but also enhances treatment accuracy.

In this article number 10.1002/bmm2.12119, Muyuan Chai, Wenwen Zhong and their co-workers present a method for creating novel extruded 3D printing inks using hydrogen-bonded cross-linked hydrogels, called DIPS 3D printing. Urea acts as a switch for the gel-sol transition of DIPS inks, enabling fast, high-fidelity 3D printing under mild conditions. The printed DIPS scaffold can be used as a tissue-engineered scaffold for dynamic organ repair.

In this article number 10.1002/bmm2.12120, a kind of infection-responsive drug-loaded nano-assembly, STQ12, was developed by the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged polysaccharide and positively charged quaternized ammonium salt polymer. STQ12 could penetrate the mucus layer rapidly and reach the acidic microenvironment at the infected site, releasing the loaded drug and QPEI-C6 to realize combined anti-infection therapy against multi-drug resistant bacteria.

mRNA therapeutics have significantly evolved within the life sciences, particularly in applications such as vaccines, tumor immunotherapy, protein replacement, gene editing, and monoclonal antibody therapy. To fully realize the potential of mRNA drugs and mitigate the adverse effects, substantial vector materials have been developed for delivery of these pharmaceutical agents. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most clinically advanced mRNA carriers, recognized by U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved mRNA vaccines and numerous clinical trials. Diverse therapeutic applications necessitate tailored design of LNPs. Herein, we outline the principles of LNP design for mRNA delivery, focusing specifically on their effectiveness, targeting capabilities, safety profiles, and nanoparticle stability. Additionally, we present the latest advancements in mRNA-LNP technology. This review aims to elucidate the benefits and design principles of LNP delivery systems for mRNA therapeutics, providing insights into breakthroughs and innovative ideas for further enhancing these advantages. These summaries are dedicated to promoting the broader applications of LNP-mRNA drugs, aiming to advance the treatment of serious diseases in an effective and safe manner.

Cephalofurimazine (CFz), when paired with Antares luciferase, shows superior blood-brain barrier permeability and enhanced imaging depth and clarity for deep brain imaging. This bioluminescence provides a less invasive method for real-time monitoring of deep brain activity, with the potential to advance targeted therapies and deepen our understanding of brain functions. Further molecular engineering and localized delivery can reduce the potential toxicity of CFz and enhance its efficacy for clinical deep brain imaging.

In recent years, tissue engineering has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) owing to its remarkable capabilities. It can create living tissues with robust vitality, achieve maximal tissue repair with minimal cell usage, and facilitate seamless reconstruction with unmatched plasticity, all while addressing immune rejection issues. Among these advancements, one-dimensional (1D) materials have garnered significant attention. Their morphology closely resembles the extracellular matrix environment, thereby fostering the elongation of dendrites and axons on neurons and greatly enhancing the prospects for SCI repair. With a keen focus on the latest advancements in the application of 1D nanomaterials in nerve tissue engineering for spinal nerve repair, this review delves into several key aspects. Firstly, it explores the “bottom-up” approach to synthesizing 1D nanomaterials. Secondly, it examines the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials influence neural tissue engineering. Thirdly, it presents various cutting-edge strategies aimed at optimizing the morphology and performance of 1D materials, thereby enhancing the efficiency of nerve tissue injury repair. Lastly, it discusses the current challenges and future prospects facing this fascinating field. We aspire that this comprehensive review will provide a profound understanding of the development of 1D materials in neural tissue engineering and inspire a wider audience with its potential.

Tumor cells often exhibit metabolic abnormalities to meet the needs of rapid proliferation, and targeting tumor metabolism has become one of the effective strategies for cancer treatment. However, most of the current methods targeting metabolism focus on inhibiting hyperactivated metabolic pathways, hindering their further application. A recent innovative work, proposed a nutrient-based strategy to reactivate metabolism for tumor therapy by targeting suppressed metabolic pathways. This approach through delivering nutrients to tumor cells directly using nanotechnology indicates that specific nutrients can serve as potent activators of metabolic pathways. As a new direction along the reverse thinking, this study suggests that this nutrient-based metabolism reactivation strategy will inspire broad applications in the treatment of other diseases associated with metabolic disorders, besides tumor.

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Despite its potential, immunotherapy faces challenges related to delivery efficiency and off-target toxicity of immunotherapeutic drugs. Nano drug delivery systems offer improvements in drug biodistribution and release kinetics but still suffer from shortcomings such as high immunogenicity, poor penetration across biological barriers, and insufficient tissue permeability. Targeted delivery of drugs using living cells has become an emerging strategy that can take advantage of the inherent characteristics of cells to deal with the delivery defects of nano delivery systems. Furthermore, cells themselves can be genetically engineered into cellular drugs for enhanced immunotherapy. This review provides an in-depth exploration of cell-derived drug carriers, detailing their biological properties, functions, and commonly used drug loading strategies. In addition, the role of genetically modified cells in immunotherapy and their synergistic therapeutic effects with drug delivery are also introduced. By summarizing the main advancements and limitations in the field, this review offers insights into the potential of cell-based drug delivery systems to address the existing challenges in immunotherapy. The introduction to recent developments and evaluation of ongoing research will pave the way for the optimization and widespread adoption of nano/genetically engineered cells for immunotherapy.

For both animal and human tissues, translucence is an intrinsic property that gives them a milky appearance. This optical property arises due to the combined effects of light absorption and scattering and becomes the main impediment of deep imaging. To overcome these obstacles, the tissue-clearing technique has experienced a resurgence over the past century and evolved from its initial use in neuroscience to encompass various samples due to the emergence of various clearing methods. Notably, these techniques unveil both macroscopic and microscopic details, offering valuable insights into tissue structures. In particular, the oral cavity is structured with both soft and hard tissues at the macroscopic level and is rich in neurovascular networks microscopically, providing a suitable application environment for tissue-clearing techniques. Currently, tissue-clearing techniques have provided a powerful tool for research on the dental pulp neurovascular system, oral tissue regeneration, dental implants, and maxillofacial surgical treatments. Hence, this review aims to give a general introduction to tissue-clearing techniques and focus on their remarkable applications in dental research. At last, we will discuss the integration of tissue-clearing methods with other techniques such as labeling and microscopy, hoping to offer valuable insights for the development of tissue-clearing techniques in both bioscience and materials science.