Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献_第3页

Enhanced methylene blue photodegradation with NCQD/MIL-53 under visible light: Effects of aqueous matrix species including anions, cations, oxidants, and organic matter NCQD/MIL-53在可见光下增强亚甲基蓝的光降解：包括阴离子、阳离子、氧化剂和有机物在内的水基质物种的影响

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.001

Hooman Rezaei , Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh , Mohammad Joshaghani , Sirus Zinadini , Saeid Jalali Honarmand

The efficacy of employing photocatalysis as a means to effectively eliminate textile dyes depends on the matrix and quality of the aqueous medium. In the preceding endeavor, the synthesis and modification of the N-carbon quantum dot-modified MIL-53 (Fe) nanocomposite (NCM-53) were successfully executed, leading to the obtaining of optimal conditions for the consequent photocatalytic process. The present study sought to assess the impact of matrix constituents, including inorganic anions, metal ions, and natural organic matter, as well as inorganic oxidants, on the photocatalytic oxidation of NCM-53. Methylene blue (MB) was employed as a representative contaminant in this study. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to evaluate the impact of inorganic oxidants on serving as viable alternatives for electron acceptors in the photocatalytic oxidation of NCM-53. The findings of our experiments indicate that the combination involving IO₄^- has exhibited a pronounced enhancement in the rate of photocatalytic degradation of MB by NCM-53. Conversely, the remaining oxyanions, whose reaction rate constants are either equivalent to or less than threefold, have shown a moderate improvement. The comprehensive investigation of the prepared nanocomposite involved a thorough examination of the impact of coexisting aqueous species, particularly prevalent inorganic ions and metal ions. The research results indicate that the introduction of Al³⁺ ions led to a slight decrease in the efficacy of photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, the presence of other cations resulted in a slight decline in the photocatalytic activity. The analysis of the effects of inorganic anions demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was significantly inhibited. In particular, carbonate ions showcased greater efficiency compared to other anions in diminishing the photocatalytic activity of the NCM-53 nanocomposite. The findings about the impact of natural organic matter (NOM) indicate that increased concentrations of NOM led to a reduction in the rate of the reaction responsible for the MB removal. Moreover, an assessment has been conducted to evaluate the impact of various natural water matrices, including pure water, tap water, and river water, on the decolorization of MB and the efficacy of organic carbon removal. Furthermore, an estimation was made regarding the electrical energy per order (EEO) pertaining to the Xenon/NCM-53/Oxidant system. The findings indicated that the utilization of periodate oxidant had the potential to diminish the EEO index.

采用光催化作为一种有效去除纺织品染料的手段的效果取决于基质和水介质的质量。在之前的努力中，成功地合成和修饰了n -碳量子点修饰的MIL-53 （Fe）纳米复合材料（NCM-53），从而为随后的光催化过程获得了最佳条件。本研究旨在评估基质成分（包括无机阴离子、金属离子、天然有机物以及无机氧化剂）对NCM-53光催化氧化的影响。本研究以亚甲基蓝（MB）为代表污染物。综合评价了无机氧化剂在NCM-53光催化氧化中作为电子受体的可行性。我们的实验结果表明，涉及IO4-的组合在NCM-53光催化降解MB的速率上表现出明显的增强。相反，剩余的氧离子，其反应速率常数等于或小于三倍，表现出适度的改善。对所制备的纳米复合材料进行了全面的研究，包括对共存的水离子，特别是普遍存在的无机离子和金属离子的影响进行了彻底的检查。研究结果表明，Al3+离子的引入导致光催化降解效果略有下降。此外，其他阳离子的存在导致光催化活性略有下降。无机阴离子的影响分析表明，纳米复合材料的光催化活性明显受到抑制。特别是，与其他阴离子相比，碳酸盐离子在降低NCM-53纳米复合材料的光催化活性方面表现出更高的效率。关于天然有机物（NOM）影响的研究结果表明，NOM浓度的增加导致MB去除反应速率的降低。此外，还评估了各种天然水基质（包括纯净水、自来水和河水）对MB脱色和有机碳去除效果的影响。此外，对氙/NCM-53/氧化剂体系的每阶电能（EEO）进行了估计。研究结果表明，高碘酸盐氧化剂的使用有可能降低EEO指数。

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引用次数: 0

Seawater desalination using photothermal particles made of corncob modified with polypyrrole in reverse gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed solar evaporator 聚吡咯改性玉米芯光热颗粒在反气液固流化床太阳能蒸发器中的海水淡化

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.023

Yu Guo , Yongli Ma , Zheng Lai , Mingyan Liu

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) is an environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable desalination technology of different waters. However, designing a low-cost and highly efficient solar interfacial evaporator remains a huge challenge. This work is based on the natural biomass material corncobs and combines pyrrole monomers with corncob pellets through chemical oxidation polymerization. The prepared polypyrrole-corncobs retain the porous structure of natural corncobs and have excellent thermal management, water transport and light absorption properties. In this work, a gas-driven reverse fluidized bed (GDFB) with an inner diameter of 0.11 m and a height of 0.4 m was designed. By combining solar interface evaporation with the reverse fluidized bed, a novel reverse fluidized bed photothermal evaporator was developed. The experimental results of the photothermal evaporation performance show that under 1 sun, the evaporation rate can reach 1.333 kg/(m²·h). The results of seawater desalination tests show that the system's salt rejection rate can reach 99.95 %, and the ion concentration of the desalinated water has decreased by 3–4 orders of magnitude. The results of the cycle test show that the fluidized bed evaporator has good durability during continuous operations.

太阳能驱动界面蒸发（SDIE）是一种环保、高效、可持续的海水淡化技术。然而，设计一种低成本、高效率的太阳能界面蒸发器仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本研究以天然生物质材料玉米芯为基础，通过化学氧化聚合将吡咯单体与玉米芯颗粒结合。制备的聚吡咯-玉米芯保留了天然玉米芯的多孔结构，并具有良好的热管理、水输送和光吸收性能。本文设计了内径为0.11 m、高度为0.4 m的气驱反流化床（GDFB）。将太阳界面蒸发与反流化床相结合，研制了一种新型的反流化床光热蒸发器。光热蒸发性能实验结果表明，在1个太阳照射下，蒸发速率可达1.333 kg/（m²·h）。海水淡化试验结果表明，该系统的除盐率可达99.95 %，淡化水中的离子浓度降低了3-4个数量级。循环试验结果表明，流化床蒸发器在连续运行过程中具有良好的耐久性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-assisted ball milling enhanced green leaching for sustainable lithium recovery from salt lake sedimentary clay-type lithium ore 超声辅助球磨提高了盐湖沉积粘土型锂矿的绿色浸出，实现了锂的可持续回收

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.021

Chengkai Liu , Yi Meng , Qianxin Liu , Yunfeng Tian , Zhen Yang , Bo Zu , Da He , Zhen Li , Chenglin Liu , Chenglin Liu , Kaisheng Xia

Clay-type lithium ores represent a significant resource due to their vast reserves and extraction potential. However, conventional extraction methods are often hampered by high costs and environmental concerns, necessitating the development of more sustainable and efficient alternatives. Here, we propose an ultrasound-assisted ball milling strategy for the extraction of lithium from salt lake sedimentary clay-type ore. A comprehensive characterization of the ore using XRF, XRD, ICP-OES, FTIR and SEM shows that lithium exists predominantly as interlayer adsorbed species and structural substitutions within montmorillonite and plagioclase. Ball milling effectively disrupts the crystalline structure of montmorillonite, facilitating the release of lithium ions. Subsequent ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz, 200 W) enhances the ion exchange efficiency, achieving a lithium extraction efficiency of 78.4 % at 40 °C in aqueous media without the need for harsh chemical conditions. In addition, the resulting leachate has a simplified ionic composition, improving downstream purification and lithium recovery. This environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach offers a promising route to sustainable lithium extraction from clay-type ores.

粘土型锂矿石储量巨大，开采潜力巨大，是一种重要的锂资源。然而，传统的提取方法往往受到高成本和环境问题的阻碍，因此必须开发更可持续和更有效的替代方法。本文提出了一种超声辅助球磨法从盐湖沉积粘土型矿石中提取锂的方法。通过XRF、XRD、ICP-OES、FTIR和SEM对矿石进行综合表征，表明锂主要以层间吸附形态和结构取代形态存在于蒙脱土和斜长石中。球磨有效地破坏了蒙脱土的晶体结构，促进了锂离子的释放。随后的超声波处理（40 kHz, 200 W）提高了离子交换效率，在40°C的水介质中，无需苛刻的化学条件，锂提取效率达到78.4% %。此外，所得的渗滤液离子组成简化，提高了下游净化和锂回收。这种环保且经济的方法为从粘土型矿石中可持续提取锂提供了一条有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of flow characteristics in T-junction gas–liquid separator based on pressure balance 基于压力平衡的t型气液分离器流动特性研究

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.018

Liangyu Cai , Donghai Yang , Hairong Li , Yuejiu Liang , Zhuochao Li , Feng Guo , Mofan Li , Limin He

In this study, a new method for the design of T-junction gas–liquid separators based on the pressure balance is proposed. The pressure in the T-junction separator was calculated using the pressure balance, and the structural parameters can be obtained. Further, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the branch flow ratio and branch spacing to optimize the design method. Compared with a traditional T-junction separator, the separation efficiency of the T-junction separator based on the pressure balance method (PBTS) is higher by 13 %. Furthermore, to improve the separation efficiency, new structures have been designed: the straight T-junction separator (STS), the return-type T-junction separator (RTS), and the return-type T-junction separator with a finger buffer structure (RTSF). The experiment results indicate that the flow process and separation efficiency were consistent with the numerical simulation results. Under the design flow rate, the separation efficiency of STS, RTS, and RTSF is 85.3 %, 77.5 %, and 74.2 %. However, when the flow rate changes, the separation efficiency of RTS is higher, and the RTSF exhibits the smallest fluctuation. Overall, the RTS is the most optimal structure. This study is important for flow control and gas–liquid separation in multiphase flow.

本文提出了一种基于压力平衡的t型气液分离器设计新方法。利用压力平衡法计算了t型分选机的压力，得到了分选机的结构参数。在此基础上，通过数值模拟研究了支路流量比和支路间距对设计方法的影响。与传统的t结分离器相比，基于压力平衡法（PBTS）的t结分离器分离效率提高了13 %。此外，为了提高分离效率，设计了直线型t型分离器（STS）、返回型t型分离器（RTS）和带手指缓冲结构的返回型t型分离器（RTSF）。实验结果表明，流动过程和分离效率与数值模拟结果一致。在设计流量下，STS、RTS和RTSF的分离效率分别为85.3 %、77.5 %和74.2 %。而当流量变化时，RTS的分离效率更高，RTSF波动最小。总的来说，RTS是最理想的结构。该研究对多相流的流动控制和气液分离具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable production of ethanol from biomass via syngas: Process simulation, techno-economic assessment, and carbon trading implications 通过合成气从生物质中可持续生产乙醇：过程模拟、技术经济评估和碳交易影响

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.017

Yi Liu , Yunjie Xie , Bowen Xu , Jie Ren , Ruiyan Sun , Chalachew Mebrahtu , Tuo Ji , Huanhao Chen , Zhenchen Tang , Feng Zeng

The thermochemical/catalytic conversion of biomass to ethanol via syngas presents a promising pathway for sustainable fuel and chemical production, addressing both energy security and carbon neutrality goals. In this study, a comprehensive process simulation of biomass-to-ethanol (BTE) via syngas was conducted using Aspen Plus, coupled with detailed techno-economic and environmental analyses. The integrated process comprises biomass gasification, syngas conditioning, alcohol synthesis, and product separation. Parametric studies identified that a low steam-to-biomass ratio (0.26), high gasification temperature (1000 °C), and optimized synthesis conditions (320 °C, 110 bar, and a gas hourly space velocity of 4100 mL/g/h) enhance alcohol productivity and selectivity. The process achieved a total alcohol yield of 0.32 kg/kg biomass, with ethanol accounting for 0.094 kg/kg. CO₂ emission analysis revealed that adopting green electricity sources and improving heat recovery significantly reduces emissions to as low as 0.3 kg CO_2/kg product. Techno-economic evaluation estimated a production cost of 4380 CNY/t for mixed alcohols, with ethanol as the primary target product. Scenario analysis shows that the syngas-based BTE process can achieve cost-competitiveness over coal-to-methanol and fermentation-based BTE routes with proper carbon price and the use of green electricity. These findings highlight the technical viability, environmental benefits, and future economic competitiveness of syngas-based BTE conversion under evolving carbon market dynamics.

通过合成气将生物质热化学/催化转化为乙醇为可持续燃料和化学品生产提供了一条有前途的途径，既解决了能源安全和碳中和目标。在本研究中，利用Aspen Plus进行了合成气生物质制乙醇（BTE）的综合过程模拟，并进行了详细的技术经济和环境分析。该综合工艺包括生物质气化、合成气调节、醇合成和产品分离。参数研究表明，低蒸汽与生物质比（0.26）、高气化温度（1000℃）和优化的合成条件（320℃，110 bar，气体每小时空速为4100 mL/g/h）提高了乙醇的产率和选择性。该工艺的乙醇总收率为0.32 kg/kg生物质，乙醇总收率为0.094 kg/kg。二氧化碳排放分析显示，采用绿色电源和提高热回收可以显著降低排放量，低至0.3 kg CO2/kg产品。经技术经济评价，以乙醇为主要目标产品的混合醇生产成本为4380元/吨。情景分析表明，在合理的碳价格和绿色电力的使用下，基于合成气的BTE工艺比基于煤制甲醇和发酵的BTE工艺具有成本竞争力。这些发现强调了在不断变化的碳市场动态下，基于合成气的BTE转化的技术可行性、环境效益和未来的经济竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in CFD-DEM coupling for modeling and optimizing food granulation processes CFD-DEM耦合在食品造粒过程建模和优化中的进展

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.019

Bhupendra M Ghodki , Akash Sharma , Krishna Bahadur Chhetri

Granulation processes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. It is critical in producing different food products, such as instant beverages and cereals, influencing texture, flowability, and solubility. Computational fluid dynamics coupled with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM) provides a powerful tool for studying the gas-solid hydrodynamics of the granulation processes. This review paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the progress in CFD-DEM coupling for simulating, modeling, and optimizing the food granulation process. The fundamentals of CFD-DEM, including governing equations, force calculations, and coupling schemes, are presented initially. Subsequently, granulation techniques in food processing and the use of CFD-DEM were discussed. Specifically, the article focuses on CFD-DEM applications and recent developments. This review article acknowledges the existing challenges and offers a perspective on the future research potential of this transformative subject.

造粒工艺已广泛应用于制药、化工和食品工业。它在生产不同的食品，如速溶饮料和谷物，影响质地，流动性和溶解度是至关重要的。计算流体力学与离散元法（CFD-DEM）相结合，为研究造粒过程的气固流体力学提供了有力的工具。本文综述了CFD-DEM耦合在食品造粒过程模拟、建模和优化方面的研究进展。CFD-DEM的基本原理，包括控制方程，力计算和耦合方案，初步提出。随后，讨论了食品加工中的造粒技术和CFD-DEM的使用。具体来说，本文重点介绍了CFD-DEM的应用和最新发展。这篇综述文章承认存在的挑战，并对这一变革性主题的未来研究潜力提出了展望。

引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of the influence of the gas injection method upon holdup and melt reactor productivity in the process of the methane pyrolysis 甲烷热解过程中注气方式对含气率和熔体反应器生产率影响的数值研究

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.015

E. Kofanova , M. Deminsky , A. Lebedev , B. Potapkin

Methane pyrolysis in a liquid metal bubble column reactor is a non-oxidative perspective technology of hydrogen production. The present work examines the gas phase distribution gas holdup dependence upon gas jet parameters and injection method. A 3D model approach combining liquid metal and bubbles hydrodynamics with chemical kinetics was used for analysis methane conversion. The 3D two-phase hydrodynamic model shows good agreement with recent gas holdup estimates from studies on large-scale hydrogen production under optimal conditions. The obtained results demonstrate how reactor performance quantitatively depends on the gas injection method. Non-uniform gas distribution, resulting from inefficient injection, degrades methane conversion and can reduce reactor performance by up to 50 %.

液态金属泡塔反应器甲烷热解是一种无氧化前景的制氢技术。本文研究了气相分布、气含率与气体喷射参数和喷射方式的关系。采用液态金属和气泡流体力学与化学动力学相结合的三维模型方法对甲烷转化过程进行了分析。三维两相流体动力学模型与最近在最佳条件下大规模制氢研究中估计的气含率吻合良好。所得结果表明，反应器性能在定量上取决于注气方式。由于注入效率低下，导致气体分布不均匀，降低了甲烷转化率，并可能使反应器性能降低高达50% %。

引用次数: 0

Systematic optimization of quaternary CoAlPtMo catalysts for alcohol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation using a full-factorial design approach 采用全因子设计方法系统优化CO2加氢合成醇用季煤ptmo催化剂

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.004

Qingsong Hu , Linjun Wang , Xiaolu Xu, Yi Liu, Yunjie Xie, Bowen Xu, Chaoyang Jiang, Jing Li, Guiyun Liu, Feng Zeng

The catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ into value-added alcohols presents a viable pathway for carbon recycling and sustainable fuel production. However, the complex interplay of components in multi-metallic catalysts makes rational design challenging. In this study, we employed a three-level, full-factorial (3³) experimental design to systematically investigate the compositional effects of CoAlPtMo catalysts on CO₂ hydrogenation. The impacts of the Co/(Co+Al) molar ratio, Mo mass fraction, and Pt mass fraction on methanol productivity (P_MeOH), higher-alcohol productivity (P_HA), CO-free methane selectivity (S_CH4(CO-free)), and CO selectivity (S_CO) were quantified using polynomial regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The resulting statistical models accurately described the catalytic performance (R² > 0.87) and revealed significant interactions between the metallic components. The Co/(Co+Al) ratio was identified as the most dominant factor, with a high ratio strongly promoting higher-alcohol formation but also increasing undesirable methanation. Conversely, a low Co/(Co+Al) ratio favored methanol production, reducing S_CH4(CO-free). Molybdenum incorporation effectively suppressed methanation but hindered alcohol productivity, while platinum promotion enhanced hydrogenation activity promoting both the production of alcohols and methane. The quadratic and interaction terms capture the factors’ nonlinear effects on performance, improving the model’s explanatory power. The optimized Co_0.1Al_0.9-Mo₃Pt₇ catalyst exhibited a high methanol productivity of 2720.5 μmol g_Pt+Co+Mo⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a CO-free selectivity of 79.1 %. For the optimized Co_0.9Al_0.1-Mo₃Pt_10.5, higher-alcohol productivity reached 602.7 μmol g_Pt+Co+Mo⁻¹ h⁻¹ with a CO-free selectivity of 8.5 %. The structure–performance correlation highlights the pivotal role of adsorption strength (tailored by catalyst composition) in modulating the hydrogenation capability of the catalysts and, consequently, the product distribution. This statistical method guides catalyst design by elucidating factor effects and enabling rational optimization of product distribution and selectivity in CO₂ hydrogenation.

二氧化碳催化加氢生产增值醇为碳循环利用和可持续燃料生产提供了一条可行的途径。然而，多金属催化剂组分之间复杂的相互作用给合理设计带来了挑战。在本研究中，我们采用了三水平、全因子（33）实验设计，系统地研究了CoAlPtMo催化剂的组成对CO2加氢的影响。采用多项式回归和方差分析（ANOVA）量化了Co/(Co+Al)摩尔比、Mo质量分数和Pt质量分数对甲醇产率（PMeOH）、高醇产率（PHA）、无Co甲烷选择性（SCH4(Co -free)）和Co选择性（SCO）的影响。所得的统计模型准确地描述了催化性能（R2 > 0.87），并揭示了金属组分之间的显著相互作用。Co/(Co+Al)比是最主要的影响因素，高的Co/(Co+Al)比强烈地促进了高醇的形成，但也增加了不良的甲烷化。相反，低Co/(Co+Al)比有利于甲醇生产，减少SCH4（无Co）。钼的掺入有效抑制了甲烷化，但抑制了醇的产率，而铂的掺入提高了加氢活性，促进了醇和甲烷的生产。二次项和交互项捕捉了因素对性能的非线性影响，提高了模型的解释力。优化后的Co0.1Al0.9-Mo3Pt7催化剂的甲醇产率为2720.5 μmol gPt+Co+Mo−1 h−1，无Co选择性为79.1% %。优化后的Co0.9Al0.1-Mo3Pt10.5产醇率达到602.7 μmol gPt+Co+Mo−1 h−1，Co -free选择性为8.5 %。结构-性能相关性强调了吸附强度（由催化剂组成定制）在调节催化剂的加氢能力以及产物分布方面的关键作用。该统计方法通过阐明因素影响，合理优化CO2加氢过程中的产物分布和选择性，指导催化剂设计。

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引用次数: 0

The application of catalytic oxidation reactors for the replacement of reheaters in sulfur recovery process with reduced operational and fixed cost 催化氧化反应器在硫磺回收工艺中替代再热器的应用，降低了操作成本和固定成本

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.013

Fan Zhou, Songling Guo, Xun Tao, Yifan Zhang, Luhang Jiao, Yuyin Wang, Lu Ding, Yunfei Gao, Fuchen Wang

The Claus process is used in petroleum, natural gas and coal industry to recover sulfur byproduct and prevent pollution. It utilizes two reheaters between the catalytic converters to ensure the inlet temperature for optimal reaction performance. These reheaters consume large amounts of energy to operate and could be replaced by H₂S Catalytic Oxidation Reactors (CORs) that can operate at an exothermic nature. This study investigated a novel process which integrates H₂S COR to replace the conventional steam heat exchangers using Sulsim. Key operating parameters including air flowrate to the furnace (AF), to the 1st and 2nd catalytic oxidation reactor (AR1, AR2), and process gas inlet temperature were investigated. Finally, we conducted an economic analysis to the novel process. The results indicate AF and AR1 significantly affect Sulfur Recovery Efficiency (SRE), while AR2 has weaker impact. The new process led to a slightly lower SRE of 95.16 % than the 96.07 % of the conventional two-stage Claus process which is due to the increased generation of organic sulfur caused by oxygen deficient conditions in the furnace. The use of pure oxygen can solve this problem and increase the SRE to 96.93 %. Economic analysis shows that the new process can save 359.9 k$ fixed costs of 2 heat exchangers and operating costs of 321.8 k$/year. This study validates the feasibility and economy of the new process, providing reference value for industrial applications.

克劳斯法应用于石油、天然气和煤炭工业，回收硫磺副产品，防止污染。它利用催化转化器之间的两个再热器，以确保最佳的反应性能的入口温度。这些再热器消耗大量的能量来运行，可以被H2S催化氧化反应器（CORs）取代，后者可以在放热性质下运行。研究了一种采用H2S COR代替传统的Sulsim蒸汽换热器的新工艺。主要运行参数包括进炉风量（AF）、进1、2催化氧化反应器风量（AR1、AR2）和进气温度。最后，对新工艺进行了经济分析。结果表明：AF和AR1对硫回收率的影响显著，而AR2的影响较弱；新工艺的SRE为95.16 %，略低于传统两段Claus工艺的96.07 %，这是由于炉内缺氧条件导致有机硫的生成增加。使用纯氧可以解决这一问题，使SRE达到96.93 %。经济分析表明，新工艺每年可节约2台换热器固定成本359.9 k美元，运行成本321.8 k美元。该研究验证了新工艺的可行性和经济性，为工业应用提供了参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Physical simulation study on the gas-liquid two-phase flow mixing time in bottom-blown lead smelting process utilizing RGB color model and dimensional analysis 利用RGB颜色模型和量纲分析对底吹铅冶炼过程气液两相流混合时间进行了物理模拟研究

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.012

Yanxin Wu , Jing Li , Jindi Huang , Fupeng Liu

In the process of bottom-blown lead smelting, the mixing time acts as a crucial indicator for assessing the homogenization effectiveness in the bottom-blown furnace. This research established a water model scaled down at a ratio of 1:10.3 of an industrial furnace prototype based on the similarity principle. Subsequently, a physical simulation approach was adopted to conduct an in-depth exploration of the gas-liquid two-phase flow mixing time in the bottom-blown lead smelting operation. Precise quantification of the mixing time was achieved using the RGB color model. In conjunction with dimensional analysis, which helps to identify the key dimensionless groups governing the mixing process, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine how key variables—including liquid level height (H), gas flow rate (Q), lance angle (θ), and feed inlet position (P)—affect the mixing time. Furthermore, through nonlinear regression fitting of the experimental values, a dimensionless correlation equation for the mixing time

t {(g / D)}^{0.5} = 2.24 \times 10^{7} {(H / D)}^{- 2.83} {(F r^{'})}^{- 0.46} {(P / D)}^{0.32} {(90 - θ)}^{- 2.23}

was obtained. The research findings can provide scientific and theoretical guidance for optimizing the process and furnace structure in the bottom-blown lead smelting process, thereby contributing to the low-carbon and efficient development of China's lead smelting industry.

在底吹炼铅过程中，混合时间是评价底吹炉均质效果的重要指标。本研究基于相似原理，建立了按1:10.3比例缩小的工业炉原型水模型。随后，采用物理模拟方法对底吹铅冶炼过程中气液两相流混合时间进行了深入探讨。使用RGB颜色模型实现了混合时间的精确量化。结合量纲分析（有助于确定控制混合过程的关键无量纲组），进行了全面的调查，以确定包括液位高度(H)，气体流速(Q)，喷枪角度（θ）和进料口位置(P)在内的关键变量如何影响混合时间。对实验值进行非线性回归拟合，得到了混合时间t(g/D)0.5=2.24×107(H/D)-2.83（Fr′）-0.46(P/D)0.32(90−θ)-2.23的无因次相关方程。研究成果可为底吹铅冶炼工艺和炉体结构的优化提供科学和理论指导，为中国铅冶炼行业的低碳高效发展做出贡献。

{"title":"Physical simulation study on the gas-liquid two-phase flow mixing time in bottom-blown lead smelting process utilizing RGB color model and dimensional analysis","authors":"Yanxin Wu , Jing Li , Jindi Huang , Fupeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of bottom-blown lead smelting, the mixing time acts as a crucial indicator for assessing the homogenization effectiveness in the bottom-blown furnace. This research established a water model scaled down at a ratio of 1:10.3 of an industrial furnace prototype based on the similarity principle. Subsequently, a physical simulation approach was adopted to conduct an in-depth exploration of the gas-liquid two-phase flow mixing time in the bottom-blown lead smelting operation. Precise quantification of the mixing time was achieved using the RGB color model. In conjunction with dimensional analysis, which helps to identify the key dimensionless groups governing the mixing process, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine how key variables—including liquid level height (<em>H</em>), gas flow rate (<em>Q</em>), lance angle (<em>θ</em>), and feed inlet position (<em>P</em>)—affect the mixing time. Furthermore, through nonlinear regression fitting of the experimental values, a dimensionless correlation equation for the mixing time <span><math><mrow><mi>t</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>2.24</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></msup><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2.83</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>0.46</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0.32</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>90</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>θ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2.23</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> was obtained. The research findings can provide scientific and theoretical guidance for optimizing the process and furnace structure in the bottom-blown lead smelting process, thereby contributing to the low-carbon and efficient development of China's lead smelting industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"226 ","pages":"Pages 326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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