Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献_第3页

Integrated physical safety–cyber security risk assessment based on layers of protection analysis 基于保护层分析的物理安全-网络安全综合风险评估

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.036

Feilong Zhang , Jianfeng Yang , Jing Li , Jianwen Zhang , Jinghai Li , Liangchao Chen , Xu Diao , Qianlin Wang , Zhan Dou

The extensive application of information technology in process industries has increased production efficiency but has also introduced new risks. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically analyse the risks within factories to ensure the stable operation of their production systems. This study proposes an integrated risk assessment method based on layers of protection analysis (LOPA), which combines physical safety and cyber security analyses to provide comprehensive risk assessments for the process industry. The method first identifies the hazardous scenarios and protection layers relevant to a process facility. It then identifies potential cyberattack types and existing countermeasures. Subsequently, the functional impacts of attacks on protection layers and potential coupling relationships are discussed. Using common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) and semi-quantitative methods, the probability of attack is determined to optimize the probability of failure on demand (PFD) of the protection layers. Finally, a case study of a steam separator in a catalytic cracking unit is used to quantitatively explore the potential attacks and risks of coupled protection layers. The application of Bayesian network (BN) is used for further validation of the method. This study offers a novel quantitative tool for risk assessment in the process industry, which can enhance the security and reliability of industrial production and control systems.

信息技术在流程工业中的广泛应用提高了生产效率，但也带来了新的风险。因此，有必要对工厂内部的风险进行系统分析，以确保生产系统的稳定运行。本研究提出了一种基于保护层分析（LOPA）的综合风险评估方法，它结合了物理安全和网络安全分析，为流程工业提供全面的风险评估。该方法首先确定与流程设施相关的危险情景和保护层。然后，确定潜在的网络攻击类型和现有的应对措施。随后，讨论攻击对保护层的功能影响和潜在的耦合关系。利用通用漏洞评分系统 (CVSS) 和半定量方法确定攻击概率，以优化保护层的按需故障概率 (PFD)。最后，以催化裂化装置中的蒸汽分离器为例，定量探讨了耦合保护层的潜在攻击和风险。应用贝叶斯网络（BN）对该方法进行了进一步验证。这项研究为流程工业的风险评估提供了一种新颖的定量工具，可提高工业生产和控制系统的安全性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

An entropy measure-based study on flow pattern of gas–liquid two-phase flow in a U-Tube 基于熵值的 U 型管中气液两相流流动模式研究

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.028

Hao Hu, Peng Li, Qijun Wang, Jun Wang

U-tubes are widely applied in gas–liquid two-phase transportation in chemical engineering. The diverse flow patterns within these tubes significantly affect the pressure loss, heat transfer efficiency, and even the fluid-induced vibration amplitude of the tubes. This study explores the complex flow pattern features in a U-tube in a vertical plane and focuses on recognizing them. For the acquisition and classification of flow patterns, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for gas–liquid two-phase flow is first established, and its quantitative calculation error is ensured to be less than 5%. Then, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of flow patterns is analyzed. The real-time pressure drop response is chosen as the representation signal, and its nonlinear features in the time and frequency domain under different flow patterns are explored. A nonlinear time series is constructed by extracting a segment from the real-time pressure drop data, and six entropy measures are applied to analyze and identify them. Finally, the sensitivity of entropy measures to both the time series lengths and the tested sections are evaluated. Results show that there are six typical flow patterns in a U-tube. According to most entropy measures, the bubble flow has the highest complexity; however, the plug flow presents the lowest complexity. In the U-bend, pressure drop signals for the bubble and annular flows show random fluctuations within a specific range, in contrast to the marked periodicity in plug flow signals, while wavy and slug flows exhibit intermittent peak values. Including the upstream and downstream straight pipes in the analysis, rather than focusing solely on the U-bend, significantly increases the complexity of the stratified, plug, and slug flows. Fuzzy entropy is an effective tool for identifying the six flow patterns, demonstrating good resilience to variations in the length of the data series. This characteristic makes it highly useful for real-time identification of flow patterns in the U-bend sections of non-transparent U-tubes, offering considerable potential in chemical equipment.

U 型管广泛应用于化学工程中的气液两相输送。这些管内的各种流型会对管子的压力损失、传热效率，甚至流体引起的振动幅度产生重大影响。本研究探讨了 U 型管在垂直面上的复杂流型特征，并重点对其进行了识别。为了获取流型并对其进行分类，首先建立了气液两相流的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，并确保其定量计算误差小于 5%。然后，分析流动模式的时空演变特征。选取实时压降响应作为表示信号，探讨其在不同流态下的时域和频域非线性特征。通过从实时压降数据中提取一个片段来构建非线性时间序列，并应用六种熵指标对其进行分析和识别。最后，评估了熵指标对时间序列长度和测试断面的敏感性。结果表明，U 型管中有六种典型的流动模式。根据大多数熵值，气泡流的复杂性最高；然而，堵塞流的复杂性最低。在 U 型弯管中，气泡流和环形流的压降信号在特定范围内随机波动，而塞流信号则具有明显的周期性，而波浪形流和蛞蝓流则表现出断断续续的峰值。将上下游直管也纳入分析范围，而不是只关注 U 形弯管，这大大增加了分层流、堵塞流和蛞蝓流的复杂性。模糊熵是识别六种流动模式的有效工具，对数据序列长度的变化具有良好的适应性。这一特点使其在实时识别非透明 U 形管 U 形弯曲部分的流动模式方面非常有用，在化工设备中具有相当大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Donnan dialysis-based approach for reclamation of waste acid with a low concentration 基于唐南透析的低浓度废酸回收方法

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.11.009

Sheng Ma , Yu-xiang Jia , Xiao-guang Xu , Meng Wang

This study provides a proof-of-concept investigation into the direct utilization of low-concentration recovered acid as a proton source for the efficient recovery of organic acids via Donnan dialysis, a scenario of particular significance in industrial parks. A primary objective is to examine the implications of waste acid concentration on the coupling process. To evaluate the technological feasibility, process simulations are performed utilizing a mathematical model grounded in the Nernst-Planck equation and associated equilibrium relationships. Furthermore, a variety of experimental conditions, encompassing different types of organic acids and varying concentrations of waste acid, are explored to analyze the ion substitution behaviors involved. The findings from both simulations and experiments indicate that weaker organic acids demonstrate superior performance, particularly regarding recovery rates and process efficiency. Additionally, it is revealed that merely increasing the concentration of the draw solution does not constitute an effective approach for improving the DD-based organic acid recovery process, thereby suggesting the potential for the direct application of low-concentration recovered acid. Given its significant advantages, the proposed DD-based coupling technology shows considerable promise for future applications.

本研究对直接利用低浓度回收酸作为质子源，通过唐南透析高效回收有机酸进行了概念验证调查，这在工业园区中具有特别重要的意义。首要目标是研究废酸浓度对耦合过程的影响。为了评估技术可行性，我们利用基于 Nernst-Planck 方程和相关平衡关系的数学模型进行了工艺模拟。此外，还探讨了各种实验条件，包括不同类型的有机酸和不同浓度的废酸，以分析其中的离子置换行为。模拟和实验结果表明，较弱的有机酸表现出更优越的性能，尤其是在回收率和工艺效率方面。此外，研究还发现，仅仅提高汲取溶液的浓度并不能有效改善基于 DD 的有机酸回收工艺，这表明低浓度回收酸具有直接应用的潜力。鉴于其显著优势，拟议的基于 DD 的耦合技术在未来的应用中大有可为。

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引用次数: 0

A temporal convolution network-based just-in-time learning method for industrial quality variable prediction 基于时间卷积网络的工业质量变量预测及时学习法

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.11.003

Xiaoqing Zheng, Baofan Wu, Huiming Chen, Anke Xue, Song Zheng, Ming Ge, Yaguang Kong

Real-time acquisition of quality variables is paramount for enhancing control and optimization of industrial processes. Process modeling methods, such as soft sensors, offer a means to predict difficult-to-obtain quality variables using easily measurable process parameters. However, the dynamic nature of industrial processes poses significant challenges to modeling. For instance, conventional models are typically trained offline using historical data, rendering them incapable of adapting to real-time changes in data distribution or environmental conditions. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel approach termed the Residual Temporal Attention Temporal Convolution Network (RTA-TCN) and propose a just-in-time learning method based on RTA-TCN for industrial process modeling. The RTA-TCN model incorporates temporal attention into TCN, enabling the integration of previous time-step process variables into the current ones, as well as the fusion of internally relevant features among inputs. Moreover, to prevent the partial loss of original information during feature integration, residual connections are introduced into the temporal attention mechanism. These connections facilitate the retention of original feature information to a maximal extent while integrating relevant features. Consequently, the proposed RTA-TCN demonstrates significant advantages in handling the non-linearity and long-term dynamic dependencies inherent in industrial variables. Additionally, the proposed just-in-time learning method leverages RTA-TCN as a local model and updates it in real-time using online industrial data. This just-in-time learning method enables effective adaptation to varying data distributions and environmental conditions. We validate the performance of our method using two industrial datasets (Debutanizer Column and Sulfur Recovery Unit).

实时获取质量变量对于加强控制和优化工业流程至关重要。软传感器等过程建模方法提供了一种利用易于测量的过程参数预测难以获取的质量变量的方法。然而，工业流程的动态性质给建模带来了巨大挑战。例如，传统模型通常使用历史数据进行离线训练，无法适应数据分布或环境条件的实时变化。为了应对这一挑战，我们引入了一种名为 "残差时空注意力时空卷积网络"（RTA-TCN）的新方法，并提出了一种基于 RTA-TCN 的及时学习方法，用于工业流程建模。RTA-TCN 模型将时间注意力纳入 TCN，从而能够将前一时间步的过程变量整合到当前变量中，并在输入中融合内部相关特征。此外，为了防止在特征整合过程中部分丢失原始信息，在时间注意力机制中引入了残差连接。这些连接有助于在整合相关特征的同时最大限度地保留原始特征信息。因此，拟议的 RTA-TCN 在处理工业变量固有的非线性和长期动态依赖性方面具有显著优势。此外，所提出的即时学习方法利用 RTA-TCN 作为局部模型，并利用在线工业数据对其进行实时更新。这种即时学习方法能有效适应不同的数据分布和环境条件。我们使用两个工业数据集（脱碱塔和硫磺回收装置）验证了我们方法的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) production with two β-galactosidases: Metallic ion effect and mathematical model 使用两种β-半乳糖苷酶生产半乳寡糖（GOS）的动力学：金属离子效应和数学模型

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.11.001

M.A. Noriega , F. Rico-Rodríguez , J.D. Rosales , J.C. Serrato-Bermúdez

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are functional carbohydrates produced from different lactose sources like cheese whey. They are relevant products in the dairy industry. However, its enzymatic production implies a challenge due to its inhibition by metallic ions presence. Enzymatic production of GOS from lactose using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae were studied in the presence of metallic ions (calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium). Also, a kinetic enzymatic model was proposed and correlated to explain the metallic ion effect in the GOS production. For both enzymes, stronger inhibition effects were observed when calcium was present, followed by potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Consequently, additional efforts must be made for the calcium remotion before the enzymatic reaction for industrial applications. Moreover, the second-order kinetic model proposed in this work describes the GOS production using both enzymes with metallic ions presence. It was stablished that for GOS production using β-gal from K. lactis and A. oryzae with various salts, calcium showed the strongest inhibition for both enzymes, followed by potassium and sodium. A second-order kinetic model accurately described GOS production, better reflecting hydrolysis inhibition than transgalactosylation inhibition

半乳寡糖（GOS）是一种功能性碳水化合物，由不同的乳糖源（如奶酪乳清）生产而成。它们是乳制品行业的相关产品。然而，由于金属离子的存在会抑制其酶法生产，这给酶法生产带来了挑战。研究了在金属离子（钙、钾、钠和镁）存在的情况下，利用乳酸克鲁维氏菌和黑曲霉中的β-半乳糖苷酶从乳糖中酶解生产 GOS 的情况。此外，还提出了一个酶动力学模型，并与之相关联，以解释金属离子对 GOS 生成的影响。对于这两种酶来说，当存在钙离子时，抑制作用更强，其次是钾、钠和镁。因此，在工业应用中，必须在酶促反应前努力去除钙离子。此外，这项工作中提出的二阶动力学模型描述了两种酶在金属离子存在的情况下生产 GOS 的情况。研究结果表明，在不同盐类条件下，利用乳酸菌和酵母菌的β-gal生产 GOS 时，钙对两种酶的抑制作用最强，其次是钾和钠。二阶动力学模型准确地描述了 GOS 的产生，更好地反映了水解抑制作用而不是转半乳糖基化抑制作用

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引用次数: 0

Coalescence performance of Janus filter for the removal of oil mist 用于去除油雾的 Janus 过滤器的聚结性能

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.11.002

Chengwei Xu , Yifu Wang , Yan Yu , Lirong Li

The wettability has an important effect on coalescence performance of filter. In this paper, we utilized a commercial glass fiber filter as the substrate to prepared the Janus filter through dip-coating and electrospraying. The Janus filter exhibited a remarkable reduction in pressure drop, with only 2.8 kPa of wet pressure drop compared to 6.1 kPa for the original filter and 5.4 kPa for the oleophilic filter. Notably, the coating depth played a critical role in enhancing the coalescence performance of the Janus filter. Furthermore, when placing the Janus filter in reverse direction, its quality factor increased by 2.87 times, highlighting that orientation is an essential factor for coalescence performance of Janus filters. The results indicate great potential in the application of Janus filters for coalescence filtration.

润湿性对过滤器的凝聚性能有重要影响。本文以商用玻璃纤维过滤器为基材，通过浸涂和电喷雾制备了 Janus 过滤器。Janus 过滤器的压降显著降低，湿压降仅为 2.8 kPa，而原过滤器为 6.1 kPa，亲油过滤器为 5.4 kPa。值得注意的是，涂层深度对提高 Janus 过滤器的凝聚性能起着至关重要的作用。此外，将獐牙菜过滤器反向放置时，其品质因数增加了 2.87 倍，这表明方向是獐牙菜过滤器聚结性能的关键因素。研究结果表明，在聚结过滤中应用 Janus 过滤器具有巨大的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Fly ash-based zeolites: from waste to value – A comprehensive overview of synthesis, properties, and applications 粉煤灰基沸石：从废物到价值--合成、特性和应用综述

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.031

Zhen Liang , Zhimei Liu , Lian Yu , Wenjuan Wang

The innovative utilization of fly ash for synthesizing zeolites presents notable environmental and economic benefits, positioning it as a pivotal area of research. This review distinguishes itself by offering a critical and up-to-date synthesis of the latest advancements in fly ash-based zeolite production, surpassing existing literature in both depth and breadth. It meticulously explores not only the fundamental principles and conventional synthesis methods—such as hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques—but also delves into emerging approaches like microwave-assisted, ultrasound-enhanced, fusion and melting, and ionothermal synthesis. A unique contribution of this paper is its comprehensive analysis of the interplay between synthesis parameters (composition, temperature, reaction time, and pH) and their nuanced effects on the crystal structure, morphology, and functional properties of the resulting zeolites. Furthermore, the review introduces novel classifications of zeolites derived from varied fly ash sources, highlighting their tailored applications in cutting-edge fields such as advanced soil remediation, precision nutrient retention systems, next-generation wastewater treatment technologies, and efficient removal of emerging gaseous pollutants. By identifying and discussing the latest trends and gaps in the current research landscape, this paper not only synthesizes existing knowledge but also proposes future directions, including the development of hybrid zeolite materials and the integration of machine learning techniques for optimized synthesis. This comprehensive and forward-looking perspective significantly advances the understanding of fly ash-derived zeolites and sets the stage for future innovations in sustainable material science.

以创新方式利用粉煤灰合成沸石具有显著的环境和经济效益，使其成为一个关键的研究领域。本综述对基于粉煤灰的沸石生产的最新进展进行了批判性的最新综述，在深度和广度上都超越了现有文献。它不仅细致地探讨了水热法和溶胶-凝胶技术等基本原理和传统合成方法，还深入研究了微波辅助、超声波增强、熔融和离子热合成等新兴方法。本文的一个独特贡献是全面分析了合成参数（成分、温度、反应时间和 pH 值）之间的相互作用及其对所得沸石的晶体结构、形态和功能特性的细微影响。此外，该综述还介绍了从各种粉煤灰来源中提取的沸石的新分类，重点介绍了它们在先进土壤修复、精密养分保留系统、下一代废水处理技术和高效去除新兴气体污染物等尖端领域的定制应用。通过识别和讨论当前研究领域的最新趋势和差距，本文不仅归纳了现有知识，还提出了未来发展方向，包括开发混合沸石材料和整合机器学习技术以优化合成。这一全面而具有前瞻性的观点极大地促进了人们对粉煤灰衍生沸石的了解，并为未来可持续材料科学的创新奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated syngas biorefinery for manufacturing ethylene, acetic acid and vinyl acetate 用于生产乙烯、醋酸和醋酸乙烯的合成气综合生物精炼厂

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.033

Alexandre C. Dimian , Costin Sorin Bildea

The paper presents the design of an innovative process for manufacturing sustainable biochemicals, as acetic acid, ethylene and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), in an integrated syngas biorefinery using renewable feedstock as biomethane and captured CO₂. The work is supported by full design and simulation of six plants imbedded in a large process: syngas1H₂/CO 2:1 by catalytic partial oxidation of methane, syngas2 H₂/CO 1:1 by dry methane reforming, methanol, acetic acid by carbonylation, ethylene and vinyl acetate. A key contribution is the development of a novel acetic-acid-to-ethylene process starting from syngas. This consists of catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid (exothermic) followed by catalytic ethanol dehydration (endothermic). The thermal integration of reactors leads to low energy process and superior sustainability measures versus petrochemical and methanol-to-olefin processes. The comprehensive simulation of the integrated biorefinery allows getting consistent mass and energy balances, performing energy analysis and capital cost estimation, and finally delivering reliable sustainability measures. Based on syngas the carbon-yield, mass-yield, carbon footprint (kg CO₂/kg product) and energetic requirement (MJ/kg) are 78.6 %, 34.7 %, 1.6 % and 11.2 % for ethylene, and 80.8 %, 46.8 %, 1.5 % and 11.9 % for VAM. At high biomethane price the ethylene may be costly but manufacturing the higher value VAM is fully profitable.

本文介绍了一种创新工艺的设计，该工艺利用可再生原料生物甲烷和捕获的二氧化碳，在综合合成气生物精炼厂中生产醋酸、乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯单体（VAM）等可持续生化产品。这项工作得到了一个大型工艺流程中嵌入的六个工厂的全面设计和模拟的支持：通过甲烷催化部分氧化合成气 1H2/CO 2:1、通过甲烷干转化合成气 2 H2/CO 1:1、甲醇、羰基化乙酸、乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯。其中一个主要贡献是开发了一种新型的从合成气开始的醋酸制乙烯工艺。该工艺包括乙酸催化加氢（放热）和乙醇催化脱水（内热）。与石油化工和甲醇制烯烃工艺相比，反应器的热集成可实现低能耗工艺和卓越的可持续发展措施。通过对集成生物精炼厂进行全面模拟，可以获得一致的质量和能量平衡，进行能源分析和资本成本估算，并最终提供可靠的可持续发展措施。以合成气为基础，乙烯的碳产量、质量产量、碳足迹（千克二氧化碳/千克产品）和能量需求（兆焦耳/千克）分别为 78.6%、34.7%、1.6% 和 11.2%，VAM 的碳产量、质量产量、碳足迹（千克二氧化碳/千克产品）和能量需求（兆焦耳/千克）分别为 80.8%、46.8%、1.5% 和 11.9%。在生物甲烷价格较高的情况下，乙烯的成本可能较高，但生产价值较高的 VAM 则完全有利可图。

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引用次数: 0

A modeling analysis on industrial radial-flow packed-bed reactors for the catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins: Appraisal of the modeling approach 用于长链普通石蜡催化脱氢的工业径向流填料床反应器的模型分析：建模方法评估

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.034

Sayed Shahab Hosseini, Ataallah Sari, Amir Rahimi

Catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins is the most attractive route for producing of linear alkyl benzene. To make this happen, the radial-flow packed-bed reactors are employed as one of the most efficient currently available technologies. Simplifying assumptions that are sometimes imposed on reactor models to reduce the computational cost may also significantly decrease the accuracy of simulations. Here, it is decided to shed light on this matter by assessing the effect of typical model-simplifying assumptions on simulation results. To this end, one- and two-dimensional semi-homogeneous models are used to simulate an industrial-scale radial-flow packed-bed dehydrogenation reactor under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Simulations are designed in four 1D isothermal, 1D adiabatic, 2D isothermal, and 2D adiabatic modes to compare different modeling strategies and investigate the effect of flow distribution on the reactor performance. An appropriate LHHW kinetics model is considered for paraffin dehydrogenation and the main associated side reactions over a commercial Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The model equations are solved numerically using the finite element method by COMSOL Multiphysics CFD software. The results show a 1–3 % discrepancy between the predictions of one- and two-dimensional models for feed conversion under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. In contrast, the comparison of isothermal and adiabatic results for each one- and two-dimensional models indicate a discrepancy of 33–36 %. Furthermore, the two-dimensional model shows a low non-uniformity in flow distribution under reaction conditions (∼ 0.175), which has a trivial negative effect on paraffin conversion.

长链普通石蜡的催化脱氢是生产线性烷基苯的最有吸引力的途径。为了实现这一目标，目前最有效的技术之一是采用径向流动填料床反应器。为了降低计算成本，有时会对反应器模型进行简化假设，但这也会大大降低模拟的准确性。在此，我们决定通过评估典型的模型简化假设对模拟结果的影响来阐明这一问题。为此，我们使用一维和二维半均质模型模拟等温和绝热条件下的工业规模径向流填料床脱氢反应器。模拟设计了四种一维等温、一维绝热、二维等温和二维绝热模式，以比较不同的建模策略，并研究流动分布对反应器性能的影响。针对商用 Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al2O3 催化剂上的石蜡脱氢和主要相关副反应，考虑了一个合适的 LHHW 动力学模型。COMSOL Multiphysics CFD 软件采用有限元法对模型方程进行了数值求解。结果表明，在等温和绝热条件下，一维和二维模型对进料转化的预测差异为 1-3%。相比之下，一维和二维模型的等温和绝热结果比较显示，两者的差异为 33-36%。此外，二维模型在反应条件下显示出较低的流动分布不均匀性（∼ 0.175），这对石蜡转化率的负面影响微乎其微。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of structural parameters on gas-solid flow and bubble characteristics in indirect fluidized bed particle solar receivers 结构参数对间接流化床颗粒太阳能接收器中气固流动和气泡特性的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.032

Ziang Zhu , Liyun Zhu , Anjun Li , Zhenbo Wang

The two-phase flow and bubble characteristics in Fluidized Bed Particle Solar Receivers (FBPSRs) with varying receiver diameters were numerically investigated by employing the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. Comparisons of solid volume fraction were made between experimental measurements and numerical simulations to validate the accuracy of the numerical model. Subsequently, the effects of receiver diameter on fluidization behavior were studied by considering particle volume fraction, slip velocity, bubbling frequency, bubble size, and bubble dynamics. The results show that a significant reduction was observed in solid holdup at z = 950 mm within narrower tubes. Besides, a consistent pattern of fluidization was evident, characterized by the formation of larger bubbles or slugs in D = 28 mm and 34 mm receivers. The larger diameter receiver restricted the size of the bubbles, leading to increased solid holdup and thus improving the contact between gas and particles. With the decrease of receiver diameter, the dominant frequency became clear. For the bubble dynamics, the bubble time fraction increased with tube diameter, but this trend became less consistent at higher elevations. Additionally, the overall bubble duration time increased with receiver diameter due to lower gas-solid slip velocity. However, a significantly higher bubble duration time was observed at z = 950 mm.

采用欧拉-欧拉框架对不同接收器直径的流化床粒子太阳能接收器（FBPSR）中的两相流和气泡特性进行了数值研究。比较了实验测量和数值模拟的固体体积分数，以验证数值模型的准确性。随后，通过考虑颗粒体积分数、滑移速度、起泡频率、气泡大小和气泡动力学，研究了接收器直径对流化行为的影响。结果表明，在较窄的管道内，z = 950 毫米处的固体截留量明显减少。此外，流化模式也很明显，其特点是在 D = 28 毫米和 34 毫米的接收器中形成较大的气泡或蛞蝓。直径较大的接收器限制了气泡的大小，从而增加了固体吸附力，改善了气体和颗粒之间的接触。随着接收器直径的减小，主导频率逐渐清晰。在气泡动力学方面，气泡时间分数随管道直径的增加而增加，但在海拔较高时，这一趋势变得不那么一致。此外，由于气固滑移速度较低，整体气泡持续时间随接收器直径的增加而增加。不过，在 z = 950 毫米处观察到的气泡持续时间明显较长。

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引用次数: 0