Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献_第4页

Fly ash-based zeolites: from waste to value – A comprehensive overview of synthesis, properties, and applications 粉煤灰基沸石：从废物到价值--合成、特性和应用综述

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.031

Zhen Liang , Zhimei Liu , Lian Yu , Wenjuan Wang

The innovative utilization of fly ash for synthesizing zeolites presents notable environmental and economic benefits, positioning it as a pivotal area of research. This review distinguishes itself by offering a critical and up-to-date synthesis of the latest advancements in fly ash-based zeolite production, surpassing existing literature in both depth and breadth. It meticulously explores not only the fundamental principles and conventional synthesis methods—such as hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques—but also delves into emerging approaches like microwave-assisted, ultrasound-enhanced, fusion and melting, and ionothermal synthesis. A unique contribution of this paper is its comprehensive analysis of the interplay between synthesis parameters (composition, temperature, reaction time, and pH) and their nuanced effects on the crystal structure, morphology, and functional properties of the resulting zeolites. Furthermore, the review introduces novel classifications of zeolites derived from varied fly ash sources, highlighting their tailored applications in cutting-edge fields such as advanced soil remediation, precision nutrient retention systems, next-generation wastewater treatment technologies, and efficient removal of emerging gaseous pollutants. By identifying and discussing the latest trends and gaps in the current research landscape, this paper not only synthesizes existing knowledge but also proposes future directions, including the development of hybrid zeolite materials and the integration of machine learning techniques for optimized synthesis. This comprehensive and forward-looking perspective significantly advances the understanding of fly ash-derived zeolites and sets the stage for future innovations in sustainable material science.

以创新方式利用粉煤灰合成沸石具有显著的环境和经济效益，使其成为一个关键的研究领域。本综述对基于粉煤灰的沸石生产的最新进展进行了批判性的最新综述，在深度和广度上都超越了现有文献。它不仅细致地探讨了水热法和溶胶-凝胶技术等基本原理和传统合成方法，还深入研究了微波辅助、超声波增强、熔融和离子热合成等新兴方法。本文的一个独特贡献是全面分析了合成参数（成分、温度、反应时间和 pH 值）之间的相互作用及其对所得沸石的晶体结构、形态和功能特性的细微影响。此外，该综述还介绍了从各种粉煤灰来源中提取的沸石的新分类，重点介绍了它们在先进土壤修复、精密养分保留系统、下一代废水处理技术和高效去除新兴气体污染物等尖端领域的定制应用。通过识别和讨论当前研究领域的最新趋势和差距，本文不仅归纳了现有知识，还提出了未来发展方向，包括开发混合沸石材料和整合机器学习技术以优化合成。这一全面而具有前瞻性的观点极大地促进了人们对粉煤灰衍生沸石的了解，并为未来可持续材料科学的创新奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated syngas biorefinery for manufacturing ethylene, acetic acid and vinyl acetate 用于生产乙烯、醋酸和醋酸乙烯的合成气综合生物精炼厂

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.033

Alexandre C. Dimian , Costin Sorin Bildea

The paper presents the design of an innovative process for manufacturing sustainable biochemicals, as acetic acid, ethylene and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), in an integrated syngas biorefinery using renewable feedstock as biomethane and captured CO₂. The work is supported by full design and simulation of six plants imbedded in a large process: syngas1H₂/CO 2:1 by catalytic partial oxidation of methane, syngas2 H₂/CO 1:1 by dry methane reforming, methanol, acetic acid by carbonylation, ethylene and vinyl acetate. A key contribution is the development of a novel acetic-acid-to-ethylene process starting from syngas. This consists of catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid (exothermic) followed by catalytic ethanol dehydration (endothermic). The thermal integration of reactors leads to low energy process and superior sustainability measures versus petrochemical and methanol-to-olefin processes. The comprehensive simulation of the integrated biorefinery allows getting consistent mass and energy balances, performing energy analysis and capital cost estimation, and finally delivering reliable sustainability measures. Based on syngas the carbon-yield, mass-yield, carbon footprint (kg CO₂/kg product) and energetic requirement (MJ/kg) are 78.6 %, 34.7 %, 1.6 % and 11.2 % for ethylene, and 80.8 %, 46.8 %, 1.5 % and 11.9 % for VAM. At high biomethane price the ethylene may be costly but manufacturing the higher value VAM is fully profitable.

本文介绍了一种创新工艺的设计，该工艺利用可再生原料生物甲烷和捕获的二氧化碳，在综合合成气生物精炼厂中生产醋酸、乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯单体（VAM）等可持续生化产品。这项工作得到了一个大型工艺流程中嵌入的六个工厂的全面设计和模拟的支持：通过甲烷催化部分氧化合成气 1H2/CO 2:1、通过甲烷干转化合成气 2 H2/CO 1:1、甲醇、羰基化乙酸、乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯。其中一个主要贡献是开发了一种新型的从合成气开始的醋酸制乙烯工艺。该工艺包括乙酸催化加氢（放热）和乙醇催化脱水（内热）。与石油化工和甲醇制烯烃工艺相比，反应器的热集成可实现低能耗工艺和卓越的可持续发展措施。通过对集成生物精炼厂进行全面模拟，可以获得一致的质量和能量平衡，进行能源分析和资本成本估算，并最终提供可靠的可持续发展措施。以合成气为基础，乙烯的碳产量、质量产量、碳足迹（千克二氧化碳/千克产品）和能量需求（兆焦耳/千克）分别为 78.6%、34.7%、1.6% 和 11.2%，VAM 的碳产量、质量产量、碳足迹（千克二氧化碳/千克产品）和能量需求（兆焦耳/千克）分别为 80.8%、46.8%、1.5% 和 11.9%。在生物甲烷价格较高的情况下，乙烯的成本可能较高，但生产价值较高的 VAM 则完全有利可图。

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引用次数: 0

A modeling analysis on industrial radial-flow packed-bed reactors for the catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins: Appraisal of the modeling approach 用于长链普通石蜡催化脱氢的工业径向流填料床反应器的模型分析：建模方法评估

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.034

Sayed Shahab Hosseini, Ataallah Sari, Amir Rahimi

Catalytic dehydrogenation of long-chain normal paraffins is the most attractive route for producing of linear alkyl benzene. To make this happen, the radial-flow packed-bed reactors are employed as one of the most efficient currently available technologies. Simplifying assumptions that are sometimes imposed on reactor models to reduce the computational cost may also significantly decrease the accuracy of simulations. Here, it is decided to shed light on this matter by assessing the effect of typical model-simplifying assumptions on simulation results. To this end, one- and two-dimensional semi-homogeneous models are used to simulate an industrial-scale radial-flow packed-bed dehydrogenation reactor under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Simulations are designed in four 1D isothermal, 1D adiabatic, 2D isothermal, and 2D adiabatic modes to compare different modeling strategies and investigate the effect of flow distribution on the reactor performance. An appropriate LHHW kinetics model is considered for paraffin dehydrogenation and the main associated side reactions over a commercial Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The model equations are solved numerically using the finite element method by COMSOL Multiphysics CFD software. The results show a 1–3 % discrepancy between the predictions of one- and two-dimensional models for feed conversion under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. In contrast, the comparison of isothermal and adiabatic results for each one- and two-dimensional models indicate a discrepancy of 33–36 %. Furthermore, the two-dimensional model shows a low non-uniformity in flow distribution under reaction conditions (∼ 0.175), which has a trivial negative effect on paraffin conversion.

长链普通石蜡的催化脱氢是生产线性烷基苯的最有吸引力的途径。为了实现这一目标，目前最有效的技术之一是采用径向流动填料床反应器。为了降低计算成本，有时会对反应器模型进行简化假设，但这也会大大降低模拟的准确性。在此，我们决定通过评估典型的模型简化假设对模拟结果的影响来阐明这一问题。为此，我们使用一维和二维半均质模型模拟等温和绝热条件下的工业规模径向流填料床脱氢反应器。模拟设计了四种一维等温、一维绝热、二维等温和二维绝热模式，以比较不同的建模策略，并研究流动分布对反应器性能的影响。针对商用 Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al2O3 催化剂上的石蜡脱氢和主要相关副反应，考虑了一个合适的 LHHW 动力学模型。COMSOL Multiphysics CFD 软件采用有限元法对模型方程进行了数值求解。结果表明，在等温和绝热条件下，一维和二维模型对进料转化的预测差异为 1-3%。相比之下，一维和二维模型的等温和绝热结果比较显示，两者的差异为 33-36%。此外，二维模型在反应条件下显示出较低的流动分布不均匀性（∼ 0.175），这对石蜡转化率的负面影响微乎其微。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of structural parameters on gas-solid flow and bubble characteristics in indirect fluidized bed particle solar receivers 结构参数对间接流化床颗粒太阳能接收器中气固流动和气泡特性的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.032

Ziang Zhu , Liyun Zhu , Anjun Li , Zhenbo Wang

The two-phase flow and bubble characteristics in Fluidized Bed Particle Solar Receivers (FBPSRs) with varying receiver diameters were numerically investigated by employing the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. Comparisons of solid volume fraction were made between experimental measurements and numerical simulations to validate the accuracy of the numerical model. Subsequently, the effects of receiver diameter on fluidization behavior were studied by considering particle volume fraction, slip velocity, bubbling frequency, bubble size, and bubble dynamics. The results show that a significant reduction was observed in solid holdup at z = 950 mm within narrower tubes. Besides, a consistent pattern of fluidization was evident, characterized by the formation of larger bubbles or slugs in D = 28 mm and 34 mm receivers. The larger diameter receiver restricted the size of the bubbles, leading to increased solid holdup and thus improving the contact between gas and particles. With the decrease of receiver diameter, the dominant frequency became clear. For the bubble dynamics, the bubble time fraction increased with tube diameter, but this trend became less consistent at higher elevations. Additionally, the overall bubble duration time increased with receiver diameter due to lower gas-solid slip velocity. However, a significantly higher bubble duration time was observed at z = 950 mm.

采用欧拉-欧拉框架对不同接收器直径的流化床粒子太阳能接收器（FBPSR）中的两相流和气泡特性进行了数值研究。比较了实验测量和数值模拟的固体体积分数，以验证数值模型的准确性。随后，通过考虑颗粒体积分数、滑移速度、起泡频率、气泡大小和气泡动力学，研究了接收器直径对流化行为的影响。结果表明，在较窄的管道内，z = 950 毫米处的固体截留量明显减少。此外，流化模式也很明显，其特点是在 D = 28 毫米和 34 毫米的接收器中形成较大的气泡或蛞蝓。直径较大的接收器限制了气泡的大小，从而增加了固体吸附力，改善了气体和颗粒之间的接触。随着接收器直径的减小，主导频率逐渐清晰。在气泡动力学方面，气泡时间分数随管道直径的增加而增加，但在海拔较高时，这一趋势变得不那么一致。此外，由于气固滑移速度较低，整体气泡持续时间随接收器直径的增加而增加。不过，在 z = 950 毫米处观察到的气泡持续时间明显较长。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of a novel gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone based on response surface methodology 基于响应面方法的新型气液圆柱旋流器多目标优化设计

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.030

Siqi Wang , Minghu Jiang , Shuang Zhang , Shiqi Yu , Mengmei Lu , Lixin Zhao

Currently, most major oilfields in China have reached a stage of high water content, where the extracted fluid is often accompanied by significant volumes of associated gas. This situation increases extraction costs and elevates safety risks. To address these challenges, this paper presents an innovative redesign of the traditional gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) by applying composite mechanics to improve the inner cone structure. The new design is tailored for conditions with high gas content and flow rates. Using response surface optimization, the optimal structural parameters for the separator were identified: an inlet area of 881 mm², a column diameter of 110 mm, and an inner cone height of 189 mm. Furthermore, the study integrates numerical simulation with experimental research to compare and analyze the flow characteristics and separation performance of the GLCC before and after optimization. The results demonstrate that the optimized GLCC achieves a separation efficiency of 93.2 %, an improvement of 21.2 percentage points over the initial design, with a maximum pressure loss of 0.0621 MPa. The experimental findings and numerical simulations show strong agreement, confirming the efficacy of the new design.

目前，中国大多数主要油田已进入高含水阶段，开采出的液体中往往伴有大量伴生气。这种情况既增加了开采成本，又提高了安全风险。为了应对这些挑战，本文对传统的气液圆柱旋流器（GLCC）进行了创新性的重新设计，采用复合力学改进了内锥体结构。新设计适用于高气体含量和高流速的工况。通过响应面优化，确定了分离器的最佳结构参数：入口面积为 881 平方毫米，柱体直径为 110 毫米，内锥体高度为 189 毫米。此外，该研究还将数值模拟与实验研究相结合，对优化前后 GLCC 的流动特性和分离性能进行了比较和分析。结果表明，优化后的 GLCC 分离效率达到 93.2%，比初始设计提高了 21.2 个百分点，最大压力损失为 0.0621 兆帕。实验结果和数值模拟结果非常吻合，证实了新设计的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of operating parameters on separation performance of air gap diffusion distillation for recovering ammonia from ammonia-nitrogen wastewater 操作参数对气隙扩散蒸馏从氨氮废水中回收氨的分离性能的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.026

Xuan Zhang , Ping Wang , Haoyuan Dou , Jiaquan Chen , Lele Chen , Shiming Xu

This study proposes air gap diffusion distillation (AGDD) for recovering ammonia from ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The influences of several key parameters on the AGDD performance have been explored. The findings indicate that increasing the feed temperature improves the concentration factor (CF) and reduces the specific thermal energy consumption for ammonia recovery (STEC-N). Cooling water temperature on ammonia flux is higher than that of water flux. An increase in feed flowrate attenuates the boundary layer, substantially enhancing the ammonia flux relative to the water flux and boosting the CF. The effect of feed concentration on total flux is determined to be insignificant. When the air gap thickness is less than 8 mm, molecular diffusion dominates the mass transfer in the air gap, the water flux and ammonia flux decrease with the increase of the air gap thickness, and the CF reaches a peak of about 5.7 near 5 mm. However, when the air gap thickness is greater than 8 mm, natural convection dominates the mass transfer in the air gap. This weakens the negative impact of increased air gap thickness on total flux. This leads to a certain increase in CF, which is more pronounced at higher temperatures. Finally, a dimensionless equation for the mass transfer within the air gap was determined from temperature measurements at different spatial locations within the AGDD unit.

本研究提出用气隙扩散蒸馏法（AGDD）从氨氮废水中回收氨。研究探讨了几个关键参数对 AGDD 性能的影响。研究结果表明，提高进料温度可提高浓缩系数（CF），降低氨回收的比热能消耗（STEC-N）。冷却水温度对氨通量的影响大于对水通量的影响。进料流速的增加会减弱边界层，从而大幅提高氨通量（相对于水通量而言），并提高浓缩系数（CF）。进料浓度对总通量的影响不大。当气隙厚度小于 8 毫米时，气隙中的传质以分子扩散为主，水通量和氨通量随气隙厚度的增加而减少，CF 在 5 毫米附近达到约 5.7 的峰值。然而，当气隙厚度大于 8 mm 时，气隙中的传质以自然对流为主。这削弱了气隙厚度增加对总通量的负面影响。这导致 CF 有一定程度的增加，在温度较高时更为明显。最后，根据 AGDD 单元内不同空间位置的温度测量值，确定了气隙内传质的无量纲方程。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of bubble-to-oil size ratio on dynamic behavior in flotation 气泡与油粒径比对浮选动态行为的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.029

Yali Zhao, Weiwei Xu, Kai Chen, Shiwen Yu, Jingyu Chen

The successful flotation of micro-oil-bubble compounds to the liquid surface is essential for removing oil after bonding bubbles and oil droplets. Nevertheless, microbubble flotation is inherently unstable. This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of microbubbles and oil droplets utilizing the OpenFOAM software. The upwelling process and flotation behavior of bubbles and oil droplets at different oil-gas diameter ratios (L) are analyzed. And a comprehensive analysis of the effects of multiple factors on microbubble flotation results is established using the dimensionless numbers Eötvös (Eo), Weber (We) and L. This analysis is conducted to select conditions that promote the stability of microbubble flotation, and to obtain the optimal range of oil-gas diameter ratios that promote upwelling at different Eo and analyzes the underlying mechanism. When L>1.3 and 0.5<L≤1, the floating stability of micro-oil-bubble compounds is improved because buoyancy is the dominant force. While, in the range of 1<L≤1.3, the horizontal lifting force becomes dominant in floating and causes the wall attachment phenomenon to occur more frequently. Upon examination of the correlation between the diameter ratio and the We, it becomes evident that We increases as the diameter ratio approaches 1.

成功地将微油泡化合物浮选到液体表面，对于在气泡和油滴粘合后去除油污至关重要。然而，微气泡浮选本身并不稳定。本文利用 OpenFOAM 软件研究了微气泡和油滴的动态行为。分析了不同油气直径比（L）下气泡和油滴的上涌过程和浮选行为。利用无量纲数 Eötvös (Eo)、Weber (We) 和 L，综合分析了多种因素对微泡浮选结果的影响，选择了促进微泡浮选稳定性的条件，得到了不同 Eo 条件下促进上涌的最佳油气直径比范围，并分析了其内在机理。当L>1.3和0.5<L≤1时，由于浮力是主导力量，微油泡化合物的上浮稳定性得到提高。而在 1<L≤1.3 的范围内，水平提升力在漂浮过程中占主导地位，导致附壁现象更频繁地发生。通过研究直径比和 We 之间的相关性，可以明显看出，随着直径比接近 1，We 越大。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the law and mechanism of particle migration in high pressure pumping pipeline 高压泵管道中颗粒迁移的规律和机理研究

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.025

Jiajia Jing, Zuyuan Chen, Guorong Wang, Kai Tang

When the pipe manifold, blowout preventer stacks, etc. in the high pressure and large displacement conditions, their key sealing components are very susceptible to erosion failure. Therefore, temporary plugging by pumping plugging particles to the failure site has been proposed in the engineering site. However, in practical applications, it is found that plugging particles often clog or settle in the pumping pipeline. It’s necessary to study the transportation law and mechanism of particles in high pressure pumping pipeline. In this paper, a particle pumping model is established based on the CFD-DEM coupling method, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the experimental data in the literature. Then, the model is used to analyze the migration law of particles under the influence factors of particle size, particle concentration, particle shape and pump injection displacement. The results show that the particles in the pumping pipeline have three states: smooth flow, accumulation, and clogging, and the accumulation or clogging of particles occurs in the variable diameter part of the pipeline. With the increase of particle concentration, the critical size of accumulation decreases continuously, and the critical size of clogging decreases first and then tends to be stable. The pumping displacement mainly affects the volume distribution of particles on the vertical section of the pumping pipeline. The main factors affecting the transportation of particles are the force chain formed between particles and the collision frequency between particles. This study fills the gap regarding the lack of research related to large-sized particles transportation in high-pressure, high-displacement pumping pipeline, and provides theoretical support for the selection of process parameters during particle pumping.

当管道汇流排、防喷器堆等处于高压大排量工况时，其关键密封部件极易受到侵蚀而失效。因此，工程现场提出了通过向失效部位泵送堵漏颗粒来进行临时堵漏的方法。但在实际应用中发现，堵塞颗粒经常会堵塞或沉降在泵送管道中。研究颗粒在高压泵送管道中的输送规律和机理十分必要。本文基于 CFD-DEM 耦合方法建立了颗粒泵送模型，并通过文献中的实验数据验证了模型的准确性。然后，利用该模型分析了颗粒在粒径、颗粒浓度、颗粒形状和泵喷射位移等影响因素下的迁移规律。结果表明，颗粒在泵送管道中的流动有三种状态：畅通、堆积和堵塞，颗粒的堆积或堵塞发生在管道的变径部分。随着颗粒浓度的增加，积聚的临界粒径不断减小，堵塞的临界粒径先减小后趋于稳定。泵送位移主要影响泵送管道垂直段上颗粒的体积分布。影响颗粒输送的主要因素是颗粒间形成的力链和颗粒间的碰撞频率。该研究填补了高压大排量泵送管道中大尺寸颗粒输送相关研究的空白，为颗粒泵送过程中工艺参数的选择提供了理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a novel process towards an l-malate biorefinery using methanol as feedstock 开发以甲醇为原料的新型苹果酸酯生物精炼工艺

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.027

Gülsüm Merve Bastem , Nihat Alpagu Sayar , Luciana Fernandes Brito , Trygve Brautaset , David Virant , Berna Sariyar Akbulut

Malate is primarily obtained from fossil resources. However, growing environmental concerns are rerouting chemical manufacturing to biomanufacturing. Despite significant ‘discovery research’ efforts for sustainable malate production, a successful industrial implementation remains elusive. A novel methanol-based l-malate biomanufacturing process using the methylotrophic bacterium Bacillus methanolicus is designed and the relationship between R&D and techno-economic feasibility is assessed. Two scenarios are modeled and compared using SuperPro Designer®. First, with limited R&D success a 65 g/L titer is achievable. Then with further strain improvement and process development titer is increased to 100 g/L. Four independent design parameters; biomass formation, CO₂ evolution, methanol loss and selling price are selected to analyze techno-economic metrics of interest (yield per batch, yield on methanol, unit production cost, and net present value). Sensitivity analysis reveals the dependence of techno-economic feasibility to R&D success, while uncertainty analysis quantifies how uncertainty in process development propagates into uncertainty in process performance.

苹果酸盐主要来自化石资源。然而，对环境的日益关注正在将化学制造转向生物制造。尽管对可持续的苹果酸盐生产进行了大量的 "探索研究"，但成功的工业化生产仍然遥遥无期。本研究设计了一种新型的基于甲醇的 l-苹果酸生物制造工艺，该工艺使用了甲滋养型芽孢杆菌，并对研发和技术经济可行性之间的关系进行了评估。使用 SuperPro Designer® 对两种方案进行了建模和比较。首先，通过有限的 R&D 成功实现了 65 克/升的滴度。然后，通过进一步的菌种改良和工艺开发，滴度提高到 100 克/升。选择了四个独立的设计参数：生物质形成、二氧化碳演化、甲醇损失和销售价格，以分析相关的技术经济指标（每批产量、甲醇产量、单位生产成本和净现值）。敏感性分析揭示了技术经济可行性与研发成功与否的关系，而不确定性分析则量化了工艺开发中的不确定性如何转化为工艺性能的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative recycling and conversion of aluminum waste to hydrogen and aluminum chloride: Enhancing economic feasibility and sustainability in Saudi Arabia 创新回收铝废料并将其转化为氢气和氯化铝：提高沙特阿拉伯的经济可行性和可持续性

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.020

Hamad Almohamadi , Asim Laeeq Khan , Abdulrahman AlKassem , Wadea Sindi , Sami Alrashdi , Taghred Alhazmi

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Saudi Arabia have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly in recycling aluminum waste. This study explores an innovative approach for converting aluminum waste, specifically beverage cans, into valuable products such as aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and hydrogen (H₂). The process involves the chemical reaction of aluminum with hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing AlCl₃ and H₂, and is modeled using Aspen Plus software. Two scenarios are evaluated: one without recycling and one incorporating recycling processes. In the first scenario, the direct conversion process yields 355 tons of AlCl₃ and 9 tons of H₂ per day from 100 metric tons of aluminum waste. The minimum selling price (MSP) of AlCl₃ is calculated to be $764 per ton, with an annual profit of $25 million, assuming a market price of $1000 per ton. However, the economic viability of this scenario is highly sensitive to conversion efficiencies and market conditions. The second scenario integrates a recycling loop, processing 90 % of the aluminum waste back into aluminum, significantly enhancing economic stability. This scenario produces 35 tons of AlCl₃ and 1 ton of H₂ per day, with an MSP of $1068 per ton. Despite the higher MSP, the inclusion of recycled aluminum, sold at $2400 per ton, results in a higher annual profit of $38 million, demonstrating greater economic resilience and sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic analysis, highlighting the dual benefits of waste reduction and resource recovery. By optimizing reaction conditions and incorporating recycling, the proposed process aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 sustainability goals, offering a viable pathway for enhancing economic feasibility and environmental sustainability in aluminum waste management.

沙特阿拉伯的快速工业化和城市化给废物管理带来了巨大挑战，尤其是铝废物的回收利用。本研究探索了一种将铝废料（特别是饮料罐）转化为氯化铝（AlCl3）和氢气（H2）等有价值产品的创新方法。该工艺涉及铝与盐酸（HCl）的化学反应，生成 AlCl3 和 H2，并使用 Aspen Plus 软件进行建模。对两种方案进行了评估：一种是不进行回收的方案，另一种是包含回收过程的方案。在第一种方案中，直接转化工艺每天从 100 公吨铝废料中产生 355 吨 AlCl3 和 9 吨 H2。假设市场价格为每吨 1000 美元，计算得出的三氯化铝最低销售价格（MSP）为每吨 764 美元，年利润为 2500 万美元。然而，这种方案的经济可行性对转化效率和市场条件非常敏感。第二种方案整合了回收循环，将 90% 的铝废料重新加工成铝，大大提高了经济稳定性。该方案每天生产 35 吨三氯化铝和 1 吨 H2，每吨的 MSP 为 1068 美元。尽管 MSP 较高，但由于加入了以每吨 2400 美元出售的回收铝，年利润增加了 3800 万美元，显示出更强的经济恢复能力和可持续性。这项研究提供了全面的技术经济分析，强调了减少废物和资源回收的双重效益。通过优化反应条件并结合回收利用，拟议的工艺符合沙特阿拉伯 2030 年愿景的可持续发展目标，为提高铝废物管理的经济可行性和环境可持续性提供了一条可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0