Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.012
Mingheng Li , Joseph Li
Several linear correlation equations are derived from the classical solution-diffusion theory and applied to analyze over 100 experimental datasets collected under constant and sinusoidally varying feed flows and pressures. While the theory provides reasonable predictions for water flux, it fails to accurately model permeate concentration, particularly in cases of membrane degradation. Incorporating convective transport over a small portion of the membrane successfully captures the recovery rate and permeate quality across all scenarios studied (R 0.99). This enhanced model, with only three parameters, holds significant potential for advancing future membrane transport modeling efforts.
{"title":"Incorporating convection into the solution-diffusion framework enhances modeling accuracy in reverse osmosis","authors":"Mingheng Li , Joseph Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several linear correlation equations are derived from the classical solution-diffusion theory and applied to analyze over 100 experimental datasets collected under constant and sinusoidally varying feed flows and pressures. While the theory provides reasonable predictions for water flux, it fails to accurately model permeate concentration, particularly in cases of membrane degradation. Incorporating convective transport over a small portion of the membrane successfully captures the recovery rate and permeate quality across all scenarios studied (R<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.99). This enhanced model, with only three parameters, holds significant potential for advancing future membrane transport modeling efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 441-445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.035
Zhu Suiyi , Lan Xin , Zheng Minglin , Lin Yingzi , Li Siwen , Htet Oo Kaung , Yang Weilu , Qin Wensheng , Jadambaa Temuujin , Yu Yang , Liu Jiancong , Luo Wenjing , Chen Yu
Electroplating sludge contains various heavy metals along with impurities such as iron, aluminum, silicon, and calcium. The hydrometallurgical route offers significant advantages for recovering high-purity heavy metal products from sludge, including sponge, salt, and oxyhydroxides. This paper reviews classical hydrometallurgical processes, such as selective leaching, thermochemical extraction, precipitation, and crystallization. Given the co-dissolution of heavy metals and impurities in acidic or alkaline solutions, the efficient separation of impurities is emphasized to simplify these often complex hydrometallurgical processes. Additionally, this review explores the chemical transformation and separation of impurities into byproducts such as gypsum, anorthite, hematite, giniite, boehmite, and natroalunite. Ultimately, this review provides a theoretical foundation for the effective treatment and resource recovery of industrial electroplating sludge.
{"title":"Hydrometallurgy recycling of heavy metals from electroplating sludge: Recent development and challenge","authors":"Zhu Suiyi , Lan Xin , Zheng Minglin , Lin Yingzi , Li Siwen , Htet Oo Kaung , Yang Weilu , Qin Wensheng , Jadambaa Temuujin , Yu Yang , Liu Jiancong , Luo Wenjing , Chen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroplating sludge contains various heavy metals along with impurities such as iron, aluminum, silicon, and calcium. The hydrometallurgical route offers significant advantages for recovering high-purity heavy metal products from sludge, including sponge, salt, and oxyhydroxides. This paper reviews classical hydrometallurgical processes, such as selective leaching, thermochemical extraction, precipitation, and crystallization. Given the co-dissolution of heavy metals and impurities in acidic or alkaline solutions, the efficient separation of impurities is emphasized to simplify these often complex hydrometallurgical processes. Additionally, this review explores the chemical transformation and separation of impurities into byproducts such as gypsum, anorthite, hematite, giniite, boehmite, and natroalunite. Ultimately, this review provides a theoretical foundation for the effective treatment and resource recovery of industrial electroplating sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.019
Khim Hoong Chu, Mohd Ali Hashim
{"title":"Comment on “Comparative phenomenological modeling of the overall adsorption rate of drugs onto activated carbon. The case of the chlorpheniramine”","authors":"Khim Hoong Chu, Mohd Ali Hashim","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 446-447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.015
Nawid Ahmad Akhtar , Mehmet Kobya , Alireza Khataee
In this work, we studied the impact of various operating parameters, including reaction time (t), applied current (i), charge loading (q), initial pH, initial Cr concentration (mg/L), and wastewater flow rate (Q), on the removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic tap water. The investigation is conducted using Fe scrap anodes in a continuous flow electrocoagulation process (CFEC) with both controlled and uncontrolled initial pH conditions. Cr(VI) removal efficiency under controlled pH conditions was found to be 100 % under optimum conditions (t = 6 min, i = 1 A, pH = 2.5, q = 6.67 C/L or 4.145 F/m3, Q = 15 mL/min, and Ci = 90 mg/L). In the case of uncontrolled pH conditions at optimum conditions (t = 12 min, i = 1 A, pH = 2.5, q = 13.33 C/L or 8.29 F/m3, Q = 15 mL/min, and Ci = 90 mg/L), the Cr(VI) removal efficiency was found to be 100 %. The Cr(VI) removal capacity and the iron to chromium molar ratio at controlled pH were 775 mg Cr/g Fe and 1.198 mol/mol, and at uncontrolled pH were 387.7 mg Cr/g Fe and 2.395 mol/mol, respectively. Finally, comprehensive investigations were carried out on specific energy consumption and total operating costs. The SEM results show that the sludge particles under controlled and uncontrolled pHs are irregular, characterized by amorphous structure and wrinkled surfaces with small agglomerations.
{"title":"Removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by continuous flow electrocoagulation reactor at controlled and uncontrolled initial pH conditions","authors":"Nawid Ahmad Akhtar , Mehmet Kobya , Alireza Khataee","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we studied the impact of various operating parameters, including reaction time (t), applied current (i), charge loading (q), initial pH, initial Cr concentration (mg/L), and wastewater flow rate (Q), on the removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic tap water. The investigation is conducted using Fe scrap anodes in a continuous flow electrocoagulation process (CFEC) with both controlled and uncontrolled initial pH conditions. Cr(VI) removal efficiency under controlled pH conditions was found to be 100 % under optimum conditions (t = 6 min, i = 1 A, pH = 2.5, q = 6.67 C/L or 4.145 F/m<sup>3</sup>, Q = 15 mL/min, and C<sub>i</sub> = 90 mg/L). In the case of uncontrolled pH conditions at optimum conditions (t = 12 min, i = 1 A, pH = 2.5, q = 13.33 C/L or 8.29 F/m<sup>3</sup>, Q = 15 mL/min, and C<sub>i</sub> = 90 mg/L), the Cr(VI) removal efficiency was found to be 100 %. The Cr(VI) removal capacity and the iron to chromium molar ratio at controlled pH were 775 mg Cr/g Fe and 1.198 mol/mol, and at uncontrolled pH were 387.7 mg Cr/g Fe and 2.395 mol/mol, respectively. Finally, comprehensive investigations were carried out on specific energy consumption and total operating costs. The SEM results show that the sludge particles under controlled and uncontrolled pHs are irregular, characterized by amorphous structure and wrinkled surfaces with small agglomerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 403-414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.033
Ana Paula Alves Amorim , Karen Valverde Pontes , Bogdan Dorneanu , Harvey Arellano-Garcia
This paper explores the optimization of microgrid design and operation for residential distributed energy systems in Brazil, addressing the growing demand for sustainable energy in the context of climate change. A decision-making framework based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) is proposed to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar, wind, and biogas. Key challenges include managing the variability of renewable resources and complying with local regulations, while also addressing gaps in literature, particularly the impact of time-dependent efficiency profiles on energy sharing within microgrids. By employing innovative analyses and clustering techniques, the research optimizes microgrid configurations, accounting for seasonal demand fluctuations and the influence of incentive policies on system feasibility. The findings reveal that incorporating a time-dependent efficiency model can reduce total costs by 45 %. This reduction underscores the importance of accurate efficiency predictions, as the model captures variations in energy generation and utilization efficiency over time, improving system optimization. Additionally, the findings reveal that a well-structured optimization model can meet 100 % of electricity and hot water demands across all scenarios, with customized incentives playing a crucial role in reducing costs and promoting sustainability.
{"title":"Optimizing microgrid design and operation: A decision-making framework for residential distributed energy systems in Brazil","authors":"Ana Paula Alves Amorim , Karen Valverde Pontes , Bogdan Dorneanu , Harvey Arellano-Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the optimization of microgrid design and operation for residential distributed energy systems in Brazil, addressing the growing demand for sustainable energy in the context of climate change. A decision-making framework based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) is proposed to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar, wind, and biogas. Key challenges include managing the variability of renewable resources and complying with local regulations, while also addressing gaps in literature, particularly the impact of time-dependent efficiency profiles on energy sharing within microgrids. By employing innovative analyses and clustering techniques, the research optimizes microgrid configurations, accounting for seasonal demand fluctuations and the influence of incentive policies on system feasibility. The findings reveal that incorporating a time-dependent efficiency model can reduce total costs by 45 %. This reduction underscores the importance of accurate efficiency predictions, as the model captures variations in energy generation and utilization efficiency over time, improving system optimization. Additionally, the findings reveal that a well-structured optimization model can meet 100 % of electricity and hot water demands across all scenarios, with customized incentives playing a crucial role in reducing costs and promoting sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.011
Mubark Alshareef , Ahmed Alharbi , Sultan Ahmed , Amr Mohamed Mahmoud , Mohamed S. Fahmi , Mohamed E.A. Ali , Ahmed Shahat
Membrane distillation (MD) is an energy-intensive desalination technique hindered by high energy consumption. To address this limitation, we selected silver sulfide (Ag₂S) Nanoparticles (NPs) for incorporation into a polysulfone (PSF) membrane, aiming to enhance the photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) process. Ag₂S was chosen due to its unique photothermal properties, including efficient light absorption and conversion into heat, making it an ideal candidate for improving the thermal efficiency of MD membranes. The Ag₂S NPs were synthesized using the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method and characterized through SEM, UV-spectroscopy, FT-IR, and EDX. The NPs were integrated into the PSF membrane at varying concentrations (0.5–2 %). The PSF/Ag₂S composite membranes demonstrated significant photothermal properties, with surface temperatures rising from 45.7°C to 52.3°C under light exposure. The water flux also improved from 5.4 L/m²h without light to 7.8 L/m²h with light in the optimal membrane containing 1.5 % Ag₂S. Additionally, contact angle (CA) measurements indicated increased hydrophobicity, while liquid entry pressure (LEP) values rose, further enhancing membrane performance. The composite membrane achieved a remarkable salt rejection rate of 99.99 %. These findings suggest that integrating Ag₂S NPs into PSF membranes significantly improves energy efficiency, water flux, and desalination performance. This makes it a promising approach for solar-driven desalination, with Ag₂S acting as an effective photothermal agent. The study underscores the potential of Ag₂S as a sustainable solution for improving MD efficiency, offering a new pathway to tackle global water scarcity.
{"title":"Synthesis of silver sulfide acanthite phase nanoparticles for photothermal hybrid PSF membrane","authors":"Mubark Alshareef , Ahmed Alharbi , Sultan Ahmed , Amr Mohamed Mahmoud , Mohamed S. Fahmi , Mohamed E.A. Ali , Ahmed Shahat","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane distillation (MD) is an energy-intensive desalination technique hindered by high energy consumption. To address this limitation, we selected silver sulfide (Ag₂S) Nanoparticles (NPs) for incorporation into a polysulfone (PSF) membrane, aiming to enhance the photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) process. Ag₂S was chosen due to its unique photothermal properties, including efficient light absorption and conversion into heat, making it an ideal candidate for improving the thermal efficiency of MD membranes. The Ag₂S NPs were synthesized using the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method and characterized through SEM, UV-spectroscopy, FT-IR, and EDX. The NPs were integrated into the PSF membrane at varying concentrations (0.5–2 %). The PSF/Ag₂S composite membranes demonstrated significant photothermal properties, with surface temperatures rising from 45.7°C to 52.3°C under light exposure. The water flux also improved from 5.4 L/m²h without light to 7.8 L/m²h with light in the optimal membrane containing 1.5 % Ag₂S. Additionally, contact angle (CA) measurements indicated increased hydrophobicity, while liquid entry pressure (LEP) values rose, further enhancing membrane performance. The composite membrane achieved a remarkable salt rejection rate of 99.99 %. These findings suggest that integrating Ag₂S NPs into PSF membranes significantly improves energy efficiency, water flux, and desalination performance. This makes it a promising approach for solar-driven desalination, with Ag₂S acting as an effective photothermal agent. The study underscores the potential of Ag₂S as a sustainable solution for improving MD efficiency, offering a new pathway to tackle global water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work is focused on the regeneration of deactivated 3 A zeolite used for four years at the Ilam Gas Refining Company for natural gas drying. In particular, the impact of coke removal by thermal treatment on the final characteristics of the molecular sieve has been deeply investigated. XRD analyses indicated that the zeolite structure remained unchanged up to a thermal treatment of 550°C. Significant changes in the zeolite structure occurred at higher temperature values. A reduction in water adsorption capacity than the fresh sample of about 40 % was found for zeolite samples activated in the temperature range 400 °C-550°C. The regenerated molecular sieve samples preserved their mechanical stability and so confirming their reuse over time. Molecular simulation revealed that coke in the zeolite cavities reduced the interaction energy between water vapor molecules and zeolite, as well as the oxygen atoms within the zeolite structure.
{"title":"Comprehensive investigation of regeneration and performance of deactivated molecular sieves: Experimental characterization and molecular simulation analysis","authors":"Behrouz Bayati , Zahra Moafi , Alireza Arad , Catia Algieri , Mohsen Mansouri","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this work is focused on the regeneration of deactivated 3 A zeolite used for four years at the Ilam Gas Refining Company for natural gas drying. In particular, the impact of coke removal by thermal treatment on the final characteristics of the molecular sieve has been deeply investigated. XRD analyses indicated that the zeolite structure remained unchanged up to a thermal treatment of 550°C. Significant changes in the zeolite structure occurred at higher temperature values. A reduction in water adsorption capacity than the fresh sample of about 40 % was found for zeolite samples activated in the temperature range 400 °C-550°C. The regenerated molecular sieve samples preserved their mechanical stability and so confirming their reuse over time. Molecular simulation revealed that coke in the zeolite cavities reduced the interaction energy between water vapor molecules and zeolite, as well as the oxygen atoms within the zeolite structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 360-368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrodynamics of the bubbling process can be complex especially in thin bubble columns, when the gap has the same order of magnitude as the bubble diameter, and with complex fluids. It is then important to understand this phenomenon either by experimental investigation through optical methods such as shadowgraphy and/or Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or numerically by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which, when validated, can allow numerical experimentation in situations which are expensive to implement experimentally or time consuming. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations of isolated bubbles rising in Newtonian (water) or non-Newtonian (CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Xanthan Gum (XG) solutions) liquid phases mimicking Chlorella vulgaris cultures at 42 g.L−1 concentration inside a 4 mm gap bubble column are performed using the volume of fluid (VOF) model with the ANSYS FLUENT 17.2 code. Results are validated by comparison with shadowgraphy experiments. Bubble terminal velocity, shape, and trajectory are numerically analysed. Wall shear stress (WSS) induced by the bubble, strain rate, viscosity and flow field around the bubble are also discussed. Numerical results show similar trends as experimental ones despite slightly lower terminal velocity and aspect ratio values are observed in comparison to the experimental results. The trajectory of the bubble is non-rectilinear for water and rectilinear for non-Newtonian fluids as observed experimentally. This numerical study highlights the bubble-liquid and bubble-wall interactions that will help to understand the complex phenomena of bubble rise in non-Newtonian media/microalgae suspensions at high concentrations at the local level in thin-gap bubble columns.
{"title":"CFD simulation of isolated bubbles rising in Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids inside a thin-gap bubble column","authors":"Sikandar Almani , Walid Blel , Emilie Gadoin , Caroline Gentric","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrodynamics of the bubbling process can be complex especially in thin bubble columns, when the gap has the same order of magnitude as the bubble diameter, and with complex fluids. It is then important to understand this phenomenon either by experimental investigation through optical methods such as shadowgraphy and/or Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or numerically by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which, when validated, can allow numerical experimentation in situations which are expensive to implement experimentally or time consuming. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations of isolated bubbles rising in Newtonian (water) or non-Newtonian (CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Xanthan Gum (XG) solutions) liquid phases mimicking <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> cultures at 42 g.L<sup>−1</sup> concentration inside a 4 mm gap bubble column are performed using the volume of fluid (VOF) model with the ANSYS FLUENT 17.2 code. Results are validated by comparison with shadowgraphy experiments. Bubble terminal velocity, shape, and trajectory are numerically analysed. Wall shear stress (WSS) induced by the bubble, strain rate, viscosity and flow field around the bubble are also discussed. Numerical results show similar trends as experimental ones despite slightly lower terminal velocity and aspect ratio values are observed in comparison to the experimental results. The trajectory of the bubble is non-rectilinear for water and rectilinear for non-Newtonian fluids as observed experimentally. This numerical study highlights the bubble-liquid and bubble-wall interactions that will help to understand the complex phenomena of bubble rise in non-Newtonian media/microalgae suspensions at high concentrations at the local level in thin-gap bubble columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 202-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027
Md Tabrez Alam , Vivek Garg , Vikash Soni, Anoop K. Gupta
This numerical work employs the Enthalpy-Porosity methodology to examine the melting behaviour in variously shaped enclosures (of equal area) utilized in the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) units integrated with the phase change material (PCM). Systems of single PCM (n-Octadecane), dual PCM (n-Octadecane as PCM 1 and Capric acid as PCM 2), nano-enhanced PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with the multi-walled CNTs), and composite PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with Cu metal foam) have been compared under 11 distinct enclosure geometries subject to the uniform heat flux of 500 W/m2. The Prandtl numbers (Pr) were determined as 57.1 for liquid PCM 1 and 41.8 for liquid PCM 2. Under the studied parameters, the Grashof number (Gr) ranged from 0.55 × 105 to 5.03 × 105 and the Stefan number (Ste) valued from 0.44 to 0.76, providing key insights into the heat transfer and phase change dynamics of the system. Initial findings reveal a uniform melting rate across all the geometries dominated by the conductive heat transfer. Over time, as the natural convection overshadows conduction, the horizontal rectangular geometry exhibits the fastest melting and thus emerges as the most efficient thermal energy storage system. Notably, in the dual PCM systems, the arrangement of PCM 1 within PCM 2 (configuration-1) suppresses the melting of PCM 2 until its melting point is reached and proves to be the superior to the configuration-2 (i.e., allocation of PCM 2 within PCM 1) where the simultaneous melting of both PCMs is seen. The incorporation of both the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper metal foam (MF) into PCM matrix significantly boosts the thermal conductivity thereby accelerating the melting rates across all the enclosure shapes with the horizontal rectangle performing the best.
{"title":"Effect of enclosure design with composite/nano-enhanced/dual phase change material on melting response of latent heat storage systems","authors":"Md Tabrez Alam , Vivek Garg , Vikash Soni, Anoop K. Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This numerical work employs the Enthalpy-Porosity methodology to examine the melting behaviour in variously shaped enclosures (of equal area) utilized in the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) units integrated with the phase change material (PCM). Systems of single PCM (n-Octadecane), dual PCM (n-Octadecane as PCM 1 and Capric acid as PCM 2), nano-enhanced PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with the multi-walled CNTs), and composite PCM (n-Octadecane embedded with Cu metal foam) have been compared under 11 distinct enclosure geometries subject to the uniform heat flux of 500 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The Prandtl numbers (<em>Pr</em>) were determined as 57.1 for liquid PCM 1 and 41.8 for liquid PCM 2. Under the studied parameters, the Grashof number (<em>Gr</em>) ranged from 0.55 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 5.03 × 10<sup>5</sup> and the Stefan number (<em>Ste</em>) valued from 0.44 to 0.76, providing key insights into the heat transfer and phase change dynamics of the system. Initial findings reveal a uniform melting rate across all the geometries dominated by the conductive heat transfer. Over time, as the natural convection overshadows conduction, the horizontal rectangular geometry exhibits the fastest melting and thus emerges as the most efficient thermal energy storage system. Notably, in the dual PCM systems, the arrangement of PCM 1 within PCM 2 (configuration-1) suppresses the melting of PCM 2 until its melting point is reached and proves to be the superior to the configuration-2 (i.e., allocation of PCM 2 within PCM 1) where the simultaneous melting of both PCMs is seen. The incorporation of both the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper metal foam (MF) into PCM matrix significantly boosts the thermal conductivity thereby accelerating the melting rates across all the enclosure shapes with the horizontal rectangle performing the best.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 125-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036
Samantha A. Usas, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval
This work presents a new modelled system of a biomass-based lithium orthosilicate solid adsorbent derived from industrial biomass fly-ash used to capture CO2 from power plant flue gas emissions. The model includes pre-treatment of biomass fly-ash, the synthesis of adsorbent, which utilizes fly-ash as the silicone source and a laboratory produced lithium source, the adsorption of CO2 from flue gas, and regeneration of adsorbent. The study compares the results from pre-treated and non-pre-treated biomass fly-ash, with benchmark CO2 capture rates of 87 % and 89.7 %, respectively and a maximum CO2 capture rate of 93.23 %. Key insights from the scenarios considered in this work show that an increased CO2 flue gas composition requires higher adsorbent mass and the most effective flue gas volume to adsorbent mass ratio between 3.7–4.1; additionally, higher regeneration temperatures result in improved CO2 capture while pre-treatment of fly-ash does not impact regeneration kinetics. Energy analysis show that the pre-treated fly-ash adsorbent is more efficient than the non-pretreated adsorbent but is not superior to amine-based post-combustion carbon capture. If effective heat integration were to be incorporated for the pre-treated and non-pre-treated adsorption processes, energy consumption could be reduced by 54 % and 85 % compared to amine-based capture, respectively. Cost analysis indicated that by incorporating a recycle stream for pre-treatment wastewater and altering the acid to solid ratio during pre-treatment acid wash, process costs may be reduced over 20 % making this a feasible alternative carbon capture process.
{"title":"Biomass fly-ash derived Li4SiO4 solid for pilot-scale CO2 capture, Part I: Modelling for a waste to capture CO2 process","authors":"Samantha A. Usas, Luis Ricardez-Sandoval","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a new modelled system of a biomass-based lithium orthosilicate solid adsorbent derived from industrial biomass fly-ash used to capture CO<sub>2</sub> from power plant flue gas emissions. The model includes pre-treatment of biomass fly-ash, the synthesis of adsorbent, which utilizes fly-ash as the silicone source and a laboratory produced lithium source, the adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas, and regeneration of adsorbent. The study compares the results from pre-treated and non-pre-treated biomass fly-ash, with benchmark CO<sub>2</sub> capture rates of 87 % and 89.7 %, respectively and a maximum CO<sub>2</sub> capture rate of 93.23 %. Key insights from the scenarios considered in this work show that an increased CO<sub>2</sub> flue gas composition requires higher adsorbent mass and the most effective flue gas volume to adsorbent mass ratio between 3.7–4.1; additionally, higher regeneration temperatures result in improved CO<sub>2</sub> capture while pre-treatment of fly-ash does not impact regeneration kinetics. Energy analysis show that the pre-treated fly-ash adsorbent is more efficient than the non-pretreated adsorbent but is not superior to amine-based post-combustion carbon capture. If effective heat integration were to be incorporated for the pre-treated and non-pre-treated adsorption processes, energy consumption could be reduced by 54 % and 85 % compared to amine-based capture, respectively. Cost analysis indicated that by incorporating a recycle stream for pre-treatment wastewater and altering the acid to solid ratio during pre-treatment acid wash, process costs may be reduced over 20 % making this a feasible alternative carbon capture process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"214 ","pages":"Pages 219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号