Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.017
Jun Yao, Yanlin Zhao
A pipe with deposited particles at its bottom can be widely found in both nature and industrial applications. In this work, such a pipe is simplified as a sediment pipe with a constant bed at the bottom. Two kinds of pipes are considered: a half pipe (0.5D deposition) and a three-quarter pipe (0.25D) deposition. Particle flows in both pipes are studied using direct numerical simulation under both one-way coupling and four-way coupling. Simulation of particles is performed using the Lagrangian particle tracking method. Particle–particle collision and interaction considered are found to have a significant effect on turbulence in both pipes. Particles cause the fluid to produce an induced vortex near the curved upper wall of the pipe, which is comparable to the vortex near the pipe corner. Through four-way coupling, it is found that particle concentration is increased near the upper wall, whereas it changes slightly at the pipe bottom. The particle–particle collisions occurring in the pipe center are mostly continuous with a small relative velocity, whereas those near the pipe wall are discrete with a large relative velocity.
{"title":"Direct numerical simulation of turbulent particle flows in a sedimentary pipe by four-way coupling","authors":"Jun Yao, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pipe with deposited particles at its bottom can be widely found in both nature and industrial applications. In this work, such a pipe is simplified as a sediment pipe with a constant bed at the bottom. Two kinds of pipes are considered: a half pipe (0.5D deposition) and a three-quarter pipe (0.25D) deposition. Particle flows in both pipes are studied using direct numerical simulation under both one-way coupling and four-way coupling. Simulation of particles is performed using the Lagrangian particle tracking method. Particle–particle collision and interaction considered are found to have a significant effect on turbulence in both pipes. Particles cause the fluid to produce an induced vortex near the curved upper wall of the pipe, which is comparable to the vortex near the pipe corner. Through four-way coupling, it is found that particle concentration is increased near the upper wall, whereas it changes slightly at the pipe bottom. The particle–particle collisions occurring in the pipe center are mostly continuous with a small relative velocity, whereas those near the pipe wall are discrete with a large relative velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 837-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.067
Xiaoxue Jiang , You Wu , Jing Kong , Xiaobing Wang , Yu Zhao , Hao He , Tao Wu
Polyacrylamide (PAM), a major component of polymer-containing wastewater, is challenging to degrade due to its high viscosity. This study investigates the synergistic degradation of PAM using non-equilibrium plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor in combination with a Mn+Ce/AC composite catalyst. PAM solution was employed to simulate industrial wastewater, and degradation mechanisms were probed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Results demonstrate that the Mn+Ce/AC catalyst significantly enhances reactive species generation, accelerating PAM removal while reducing energy consumption. Increasing catalyst dosage led to rapid decreases in pH and viscosity, alongside improvements in electrical conductivity and energy efficiency. Under optimal conditions (21 kV, 200 mL/min, 180 mg catalyst), degradation efficiency reached 94.4 % at 120 min, exceeding plasma-alone treatment by 10.3 %. The viscosity of the PAM solution was reduced by up to 93 % within 30 min, compared to 55.6 % in the control group. Characterization analyses confirmed that the catalyst retained its structural integrity and functional stability, which could be further enhanced by optimizing the Mn/Ce ratio. This work demonstrates that plasma-assisted Mn+Ce/AC catalysis offers an efficient, energy-saving, and scalable strategy for polymer-containing wastewater treatment, providing mechanistic insights into catalyst-assisted plasma degradation processes.
{"title":"Synergistic degradation of polyacrylamide in polyacrylamide-containing wastewater via non-equilibrium plasma and Mn–Ce/AC composite catalyst","authors":"Xiaoxue Jiang , You Wu , Jing Kong , Xiaobing Wang , Yu Zhao , Hao He , Tao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyacrylamide (PAM), a major component of polymer-containing wastewater, is challenging to degrade due to its high viscosity. This study investigates the synergistic degradation of PAM using non-equilibrium plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor in combination with a Mn+Ce/AC composite catalyst. PAM solution was employed to simulate industrial wastewater, and degradation mechanisms were probed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Results demonstrate that the Mn+Ce/AC catalyst significantly enhances reactive species generation, accelerating PAM removal while reducing energy consumption. Increasing catalyst dosage led to rapid decreases in pH and viscosity, alongside improvements in electrical conductivity and energy efficiency. Under optimal conditions (21 kV, 200 mL/min, 180 mg catalyst), degradation efficiency reached 94.4 % at 120 min, exceeding plasma-alone treatment by 10.3 %. The viscosity of the PAM solution was reduced by up to 93 % within 30 min, compared to 55.6 % in the control group. Characterization analyses confirmed that the catalyst retained its structural integrity and functional stability, which could be further enhanced by optimizing the Mn/Ce ratio. This work demonstrates that plasma-assisted Mn+Ce/AC catalysis offers an efficient, energy-saving, and scalable strategy for polymer-containing wastewater treatment, providing mechanistic insights into catalyst-assisted plasma degradation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 643-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.059
Haotong Pang , Chenqiang Qin , Shuzhen Hu , Xuefeng Yan , Fakai Zhang , Rui Sun , Youbin Zhao , Chaolan Tang , Jiajia Ren
This study presents a cooling structure for a low-temperature micro-grinding machine and conducts a numerical simulation of the cooling system using CFD and DEM to determine the optimal operating parameters. The study investigated the effects of variations in cooling fluid temperature, flow rate, and inner wall thickness of the flow channels on temperature uniformity in the grinding chamber, particle temperature distribution, cooling efficiency, and the load-bearing capacity of the inner walls. The results show that injecting cooling fluid at −20°C to −30°C results in better temperature uniformity in the grinding chamber at 0°C to 20°C compared to −30°C to −10°C, while the cooling effect is inversely proportional. Additionally, the consistency of particle temperature distribution and cooling efficiency across six tests was assessed, model error ＜ 7.27 %. A coolant flow rate of 0.6–2.1 m/s was used to simulate the cooling effect on particles after 30 s of operation at 0°C, and the optimal economic solution was identified, model error ＜ 3.94 %. The optimal inner wall thickness of the cooling channel was determined to be 13 mm. The prototype test results indicate a particle size distribution with D50 = 31 ± 3 µm and D90 = 75 ± 8 µm. These findings will support the investigation of low-temperature cooling effects on micro-grinding and provide a theoretical foundation for its practical applications.
{"title":"Simulation analysis of low-temperature micro-grinding system based on CFD-DEM","authors":"Haotong Pang , Chenqiang Qin , Shuzhen Hu , Xuefeng Yan , Fakai Zhang , Rui Sun , Youbin Zhao , Chaolan Tang , Jiajia Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a cooling structure for a low-temperature micro-grinding machine and conducts a numerical simulation of the cooling system using CFD and DEM to determine the optimal operating parameters. The study investigated the effects of variations in cooling fluid temperature, flow rate, and inner wall thickness of the flow channels on temperature uniformity in the grinding chamber, particle temperature distribution, cooling efficiency, and the load-bearing capacity of the inner walls. The results show that injecting cooling fluid at −20°C to −30°C results in better temperature uniformity in the grinding chamber at 0°C to 20°C compared to −30°C to −10°C, while the cooling effect is inversely proportional. Additionally, the consistency of particle temperature distribution and cooling efficiency across six tests was assessed, model error ＜ 7.27 %. A coolant flow rate of 0.6–2.1 m/s was used to simulate the cooling effect on particles after 30 s of operation at 0°C, and the optimal economic solution was identified, model error ＜ 3.94 %. The optimal inner wall thickness of the cooling channel was determined to be 13 mm. The prototype test results indicate a particle size distribution with D<sub>50</sub> = 31 ± 3 µm and D<sub>90</sub> = 75 ± 8 µm. These findings will support the investigation of low-temperature cooling effects on micro-grinding and provide a theoretical foundation for its practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 374-387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.012
Luc Dewulf , Jordan M. MacInnes , Michael K. Hausmann , Annabel Bozon , Gerhard Niederreiter , Stefan Palzer , Agba D. Salman
Fat migration from compacted particulate foods into fibrous paper-based wrappers causes undesired fat stains on packaging and is a major concern for food manufacturers that are increasingly moving towards more sustainable paper-based packaging. While fibre-based materials are prone to absorb fats by capillary sorption, mechanisms of fat migration from the food matrix are dependent on the underlying food microstructure and full understanding is still lacking. Here, we developed a first-principle capillary flow model predicting liquid fat flow from model seasoning compacts (95 w/w% salt, 5 w/w% palm kernel fat) into contacting blotting paper. Compacts with systematic variations in salt particle size from 5 ≤ d50 ≤ 500 µm were produced in ternary design of experiments assessing the pore microstructure effect on capillarity and permeability. Measurements from x-ray microtomography and fat wicking kinetics were used to evaluate microstructural information for model parameters. Model validation was then performed in a physical set up characterising the fat migration behaviour on the compact side via Raman chemical imaging and on the paper side via optical stain imaging. Experiment and model were in better agreement (R2 up to 0.96) for compacts from coarse particles than for compacts with small porosity features. Yet, the model directed development towards using smaller particle sizes achieving almost 0 % fat migration into paper packaging for optimal samples.
{"title":"Fat migration from a particulate food system into fibrous material via capillary flow – first-principle modelling and experimental validation","authors":"Luc Dewulf , Jordan M. MacInnes , Michael K. Hausmann , Annabel Bozon , Gerhard Niederreiter , Stefan Palzer , Agba D. Salman","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fat migration from compacted particulate foods into fibrous paper-based wrappers causes undesired fat stains on packaging and is a major concern for food manufacturers that are increasingly moving towards more sustainable paper-based packaging. While fibre-based materials are prone to absorb fats by capillary sorption, mechanisms of fat migration from the food matrix are dependent on the underlying food microstructure and full understanding is still lacking. Here, we developed a first-principle capillary flow model predicting liquid fat flow from model seasoning compacts (95 w/w% salt, 5 w/w% palm kernel fat) into contacting blotting paper. Compacts with systematic variations in salt particle size from 5 ≤ d<sub>50</sub> ≤ 500 µm were produced in ternary design of experiments assessing the pore microstructure effect on capillarity and permeability. Measurements from x-ray microtomography and fat wicking kinetics were used to evaluate microstructural information for model parameters. Model validation was then performed in a physical set up characterising the fat migration behaviour on the compact side via Raman chemical imaging and on the paper side via optical stain imaging. Experiment and model were in better agreement (R<sup>2</sup> up to 0.96) for compacts from coarse particles than for compacts with small porosity features. Yet, the model directed development towards using smaller particle sizes achieving almost 0 % fat migration into paper packaging for optimal samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 493-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.035
Ziba Hashemloo , Masoud Haghshenasfard , Xiang Lu , Yehonatan David Pour , Boris Krasovitov , Andrew Fominykh , Avi Levy , Kieu Hiep Le , Evangelos Tsotsas , Abdolreza Kharaghani
In this study, a transient, two-dimensional axisymmetric volume-of-fluid (VOF) multiphase model is developed to investigate the absorption of ammonia (NH3) gas by an evaporating, stationary water droplet. The primary objective is to establish a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework capable of resolving the coupled heat and mass transfer process occurring within a liquid droplet exposed to a gas mixture consisting of air and a soluble component. Since fully transient CFD simulations of the complete evaporation process are computationally prohibitive, a hybrid flux-based approach is employed. Transient, axisymmetric VOF simulations are performed over the initial 0–7 s, corresponding to the period of strongest NH3 absorption and the most pronounced surface-temperature increase. Time-resolved interfacial heat and mass fluxes obtained from these simulations are subsequently integrated and coupled with global energy and mass balance equations to predict the droplet temperature evolution and total evaporation time with good accuracy and substantially reduced computational cost. The results show that NH3 absorption induces a significant increase in droplet surface temperature, which in turn enhances the evaporation rate. For NH3-air mixtures containing 5 and 10 vol.% NH3, the evaporation of a water droplet with an initial diameter of 410 μm at 297 K leads to maximum surface temperature increases of approximately 7°C and 10°C, respectively. As a consequence, the total evaporation time is reduced by about 28 % and 47 % compared to evaporation in pure air. These reductions are referenced to the CFD-predicted baseline evaporation time in pure air (815 s), ensuring a consistent numerical comparison. Overall, the findings highlight the strong coupling between NH3 absorption and droplet evaporation in mixed-gas environments and provide insights relevant to spray drying, humidification, and liquid-gas interaction processes.
{"title":"CFD simulations of droplet evaporation in ammonia-air gas mixtures","authors":"Ziba Hashemloo , Masoud Haghshenasfard , Xiang Lu , Yehonatan David Pour , Boris Krasovitov , Andrew Fominykh , Avi Levy , Kieu Hiep Le , Evangelos Tsotsas , Abdolreza Kharaghani","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a transient, two-dimensional axisymmetric volume-of-fluid (VOF) multiphase model is developed to investigate the absorption of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) gas by an evaporating, stationary water droplet. The primary objective is to establish a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework capable of resolving the coupled heat and mass transfer process occurring within a liquid droplet exposed to a gas mixture consisting of air and a soluble component. Since fully transient CFD simulations of the complete evaporation process are computationally prohibitive, a hybrid flux-based approach is employed. Transient, axisymmetric VOF simulations are performed over the initial 0–7 s, corresponding to the period of strongest NH<sub>3</sub> absorption and the most pronounced surface-temperature increase. Time-resolved interfacial heat and mass fluxes obtained from these simulations are subsequently integrated and coupled with global energy and mass balance equations to predict the droplet temperature evolution and total evaporation time with good accuracy and substantially reduced computational cost. The results show that NH<sub>3</sub> absorption induces a significant increase in droplet surface temperature, which in turn enhances the evaporation rate. For NH<sub>3</sub>-air mixtures containing 5 and 10 vol.% NH<sub>3</sub>, the evaporation of a water droplet with an initial diameter of 410 μm at 297 K leads to maximum surface temperature increases of approximately 7°C and 10°C, respectively. As a consequence, the total evaporation time is reduced by about 28 % and 47 % compared to evaporation in pure air. These reductions are referenced to the CFD-predicted baseline evaporation time in pure air (815 s), ensuring a consistent numerical comparison. Overall, the findings highlight the strong coupling between NH<sub>3</sub> absorption and droplet evaporation in mixed-gas environments and provide insights relevant to spray drying, humidification, and liquid-gas interaction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 601-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.061
Mohamed K. Hadj-Kali, Irfan Wazeer, Lahssen El blidi, Attiyah A. Al-Zahrani
The selective extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as tetralin, from aliphatic compounds, such as decane, is of paramount importance in the petrochemical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional solvents. A comprehensive screening of 79 DESs was conducted using the COSMO-RS model to identify the DESs that show the most promising extraction capabilities. Based on the screening results, four DESs were selected for experimental validation. The experimental investigation involved the determination of liquid-liquid equilibria for each DES-tetralin-decane system. Indeed, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide with triethylene glycol showed the highest selectivity of 9.40 at 20 % tetralin in the feed, while tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and levulinic acid showed a significant selectivity of 6.57 at an increased tetralin concentration of 60 %. The data were then successfully correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid model, with root mean square deviation values between experimental and calculated data less than 1.2 % for all ternary systems. Finally, insights into the interaction mechanisms between DESs and the aromatic compound were explored by interpreting the COSMO-RS sigma profile and sigma potential plots. The regeneration capability and cyclic reuse of TBAB:2-TEG DES were further evaluated, revealing a minimal performance loss of only 4.80 % after solvent recovery, while consistently maintaining extraction performance above 76 % over four extraction cycles.
{"title":"Selective extraction of tetralin from decane using tailored deep eutectic solvents: A COSMO-RS-guided approach","authors":"Mohamed K. Hadj-Kali, Irfan Wazeer, Lahssen El blidi, Attiyah A. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as tetralin, from aliphatic compounds, such as decane, is of paramount importance in the petrochemical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional solvents. A comprehensive screening of 79 DESs was conducted using the COSMO-RS model to identify the DESs that show the most promising extraction capabilities. Based on the screening results, four DESs were selected for experimental validation. The experimental investigation involved the determination of liquid-liquid equilibria for each DES-tetralin-decane system. Indeed, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide with triethylene glycol showed the highest selectivity of 9.40 at 20 % tetralin in the feed, while tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and levulinic acid showed a significant selectivity of 6.57 at an increased tetralin concentration of 60 %. The data were then successfully correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid model, with root mean square deviation values between experimental and calculated data less than 1.2 % for all ternary systems. Finally, insights into the interaction mechanisms between DESs and the aromatic compound were explored by interpreting the COSMO-RS sigma profile and sigma potential plots. The regeneration capability and cyclic reuse of TBAB:2-TEG DES were further evaluated, revealing a minimal performance loss of only 4.80 % after solvent recovery, while consistently maintaining extraction performance above 76 % over four extraction cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 328-342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the preparation of high-quality, large-particle ammonium sulfate crystals via vacuum evaporation crystallization, employing ammonium sulfamate and manganese sulfate as composite additives. The process was conducted under both large seed crystal and decelerated crystallization systems, significantly increasing the yield of large-particle crystals. Building on prior systematic investigations of ammonium sulfate crystallization without additives, the authors utilized orthogonal and single-factor experiments to optimize parameters for two novel preparation methods. In the large seed crystal system, the mass fractions of crystals larger than 2.0 mm and 1.4 mm reach 31.36 % and 67.30 %, respectively. In the decelerated system, despite a 50.00 % reduction in additive amount, a 79.17 % decrease in seed crystal size, a 46.15 % reduction in seed loading, and a 20.00 % extension of crystallization time, the mass fractions of crystals exceeding 2.0 mm and 1.4 mm decrease only marginally by 3.66 % and 6.27 %, respectively. The resulting crystals exhibit a crystallinity of 89.38 %, an aspect ratio of 1.02, and demonstrate superior mechanical strength, flowability, and sustained-release properties compared to those produced in the large seed crystal system. By analyzing crystallization kinetic curves across different systems, the microscopic mechanisms of the additives were elucidated, and a high-accuracy crystallization kinetic equation was derived.
{"title":"A novel method for preparing high-quality large-particle ammonium sulfate crystals","authors":"Peng Zhang, Xueru Wang, Lei Xu, Meiqi Zhang, Yuting Weng, Baozeng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the preparation of high-quality, large-particle ammonium sulfate crystals via vacuum evaporation crystallization, employing ammonium sulfamate and manganese sulfate as composite additives. The process was conducted under both large seed crystal and decelerated crystallization systems, significantly increasing the yield of large-particle crystals. Building on prior systematic investigations of ammonium sulfate crystallization without additives, the authors utilized orthogonal and single-factor experiments to optimize parameters for two novel preparation methods. In the large seed crystal system, the mass fractions of crystals larger than 2.0 mm and 1.4 mm reach 31.36 % and 67.30 %, respectively. In the decelerated system, despite a 50.00 % reduction in additive amount, a 79.17 % decrease in seed crystal size, a 46.15 % reduction in seed loading, and a 20.00 % extension of crystallization time, the mass fractions of crystals exceeding 2.0 mm and 1.4 mm decrease only marginally by 3.66 % and 6.27 %, respectively. The resulting crystals exhibit a crystallinity of 89.38 %, an aspect ratio of 1.02, and demonstrate superior mechanical strength, flowability, and sustained-release properties compared to those produced in the large seed crystal system. By analyzing crystallization kinetic curves across different systems, the microscopic mechanisms of the additives were elucidated, and a high-accuracy crystallization kinetic equation was derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 309-327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.019
Mingzhe Guo , Can Kang , Kejin Ding , Jin Yin , Huanfeng Song
Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows in the airlift device have been mainly limited to laboratory scales. The present study aims to elucidate the relationship between flow characteristics and performance of an airlift device featuring a riser pipe of 200 mm in inner diameter. Both gas-liquid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows were investigated. Solid particles with diameters of 5.0 and 10.0 mm were separately adopted. A validated numerical scheme was employed to solve the multiphase flow field. The results show that before the highest liquid flow rate is reached, smaller particles impose high resistance to flow development. A synergistic effect among particle size, flow pattern, and lifting performance is identified. Compared to bubbly, churn and annular flows, the slug flow exhibits explicit periodicity, which contributes to continuous and stable lifting. Under the same superficial gas velocity, increasing particle size leads to decreased particle lifting rate but results in higher liquid lifting flow rate and efficiency. Although the bubbly flow corresponds to the highest lifting efficiency, low lifting rates of water and particles are evidenced. In contrast, the slug flow is responsible for high lifting performance under both gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid flow conditions.
{"title":"Relationship between gas-liquid-solid flow patterns and lifting performance of an airlift device","authors":"Mingzhe Guo , Can Kang , Kejin Ding , Jin Yin , Huanfeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows in the airlift device have been mainly limited to laboratory scales. The present study aims to elucidate the relationship between flow characteristics and performance of an airlift device featuring a riser pipe of 200 mm in inner diameter. Both gas-liquid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows were investigated. Solid particles with diameters of 5.0 and 10.0 mm were separately adopted. A validated numerical scheme was employed to solve the multiphase flow field. The results show that before the highest liquid flow rate is reached, smaller particles impose high resistance to flow development. A synergistic effect among particle size, flow pattern, and lifting performance is identified. Compared to bubbly, churn and annular flows, the slug flow exhibits explicit periodicity, which contributes to continuous and stable lifting. Under the same superficial gas velocity, increasing particle size leads to decreased particle lifting rate but results in higher liquid lifting flow rate and efficiency. Although the bubbly flow corresponds to the highest lifting efficiency, low lifting rates of water and particles are evidenced. In contrast, the slug flow is responsible for high lifting performance under both gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 629-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes functionalized with a shell of methacrylic acid were synthesized and applied to prepare electrorheological (ER) suspensions in this study. Performance was compared with the bare TiO2 nanotubes and simple spherical commercial nanoparticles. ER performance was evaluated under electric field from 0 to 5 kV/mm using shear and yield stress measurements. The organic shell provided electrical insulation minimizing joule effect during operation and preventing overheating, rendering it more suitable for real life technological applications, while also improving the suspension stability. This came at the cost of some of the ER effect intensity which is directly influenced by the conductivity. The high aspect ratio of the tubes still led to a net performance enhancement compared to the commercial control. From this comparison, a 3.5-fold increase of the rheological response to the field was obtained just from the explored morphology. These findings demonstrate that methacrylic acid functionalization enables safer and more stable ER fluids while preserving superior performance compared to spherical nanoparticles.
{"title":"Electrorheology of methacrylic acid functionalized titania nanotubes in silicone oil","authors":"Jacopo Isopi , Filippo Agresti , Marzio Rancan , Sandro Scattareggia Marchese , Paolo Giorgianni , Antonino Contino , Simone Scattareggia Marchese , Lidia Armelao , Simona Barison","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanotubes functionalized with a shell of methacrylic acid were synthesized and applied to prepare electrorheological (ER) suspensions in this study. Performance was compared with the bare TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes and simple spherical commercial nanoparticles. ER performance was evaluated under electric field from 0 to 5 kV/mm using shear and yield stress measurements. The organic shell provided electrical insulation minimizing joule effect during operation and preventing overheating, rendering it more suitable for real life technological applications, while also improving the suspension stability. This came at the cost of some of the ER effect intensity which is directly influenced by the conductivity. The high aspect ratio of the tubes still led to a net performance enhancement compared to the commercial control. From this comparison, a 3.5-fold increase of the rheological response to the field was obtained just from the explored morphology. These findings demonstrate that methacrylic acid functionalization enables safer and more stable ER fluids while preserving superior performance compared to spherical nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 758-767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.043
Xu He , Jingwen Chen , Xinchao Fu , Qi Zou , Zhuangbo Feng
The corona discharge-generated ion-assisted fibrous filter is proposed to simultaneously disinfect virus deposited in fibrous-medium. In order to achieve fast and reliable design of the corona-discharge assisted pleated air filtration and sterilization (CAFS) system, the present study develops a numerical strategy to simulate the corona discharge phenomenon in pleat filter and evaluate the ion disinfection effect. Based on simulated results, the ESR index (effective surface area of fibrous-medium) can be used to obtain the percentage of fully disinfected fibrous-medium. For fibrous air filters with complex pleat geometries, increasing the number of discharge wires (with an applied voltage of 6.8 kV) inside the pleat channels can effectively enhance the disinfection performance and achieve an ESR value of 100 %. Compared with a conventional ventilated ion-spray enhanced air filtration system, the newly proposed CAFS can reduce energy consumption by 66.7 % without decreasing the ion dose applied to the fibrous-medium or compromising the ion-induced disinfection effect. Based on the numerical results, we further propose an upgraded CAFS equipped with movable discharge wires. Overall, the proposed CAFS and the associated numerical design strategy can enable safe and effective operation for indoor virus control.
{"title":"Proposing a corona-discharge assisted pleated air filtration and sterilization (CAFS) system to efficiently disinfect virus in fibrous fibrous-medium and create safe indoor environment","authors":"Xu He , Jingwen Chen , Xinchao Fu , Qi Zou , Zhuangbo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cherd.2026.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corona discharge-generated ion-assisted fibrous filter is proposed to simultaneously disinfect virus deposited in fibrous-medium. In order to achieve fast and reliable design of the corona-discharge assisted pleated air filtration and sterilization (CAFS) system, the present study develops a numerical strategy to simulate the corona discharge phenomenon in pleat filter and evaluate the ion disinfection effect. Based on simulated results, the ESR index (effective surface area of fibrous-medium) can be used to obtain the percentage of fully disinfected fibrous-medium. For fibrous air filters with complex pleat geometries, increasing the number of discharge wires (with an applied voltage of 6.8 kV) inside the pleat channels can effectively enhance the disinfection performance and achieve an ESR value of 100 %. Compared with a conventional ventilated ion-spray enhanced air filtration system, the newly proposed CAFS can reduce energy consumption by 66.7 % without decreasing the ion dose applied to the fibrous-medium or compromising the ion-induced disinfection effect. Based on the numerical results, we further propose an upgraded CAFS equipped with movable discharge wires. Overall, the proposed CAFS and the associated numerical design strategy can enable safe and effective operation for indoor virus control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10019,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","volume":"227 ","pages":"Pages 794-810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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