Chemical Engineering Research & Design最新文献

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Transient behavior of the DYNASWIRL® phase separator during cryogenics tank-to-tank transfer operations DYNASWIRL® 相分离器在低温储罐到储罐传输操作过程中的瞬态行为

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.003

In order to separate gas and liquid from a two-phase mixture in space or earth applications, one can generate a strong artificial acceleration field instead of relying on gravity. This can be achieved by generating a swirl flow in a separator. The DYNASWIRL® phase separator is such a passive device, which had been demonstrated in air/water mixtures in the laboratory and on five reduced gravity NASA parabolic flights. In this work, extensive laboratory testing and numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the DYNASWIRL for phase separation with cryogenics. Liquid nitrogen (LN₂) is used for extensive testing involving unsteady tank-to-tank transfer with quenching of separator and piping, liquid boil-off and vaporization, phase separation and recovery. This paper describes the separator and testing setups used. It examines the effects of the liquid (water and LN₂), geometric parameters, and their effects on the separation and on the pressure loss across the separator, and analyzes the flow dynamics of the gas removal process. Validated numerical simulations support the experimental results and help explain the effects of the design parameters on the results.

在太空或地球应用中，为了从两相混合物中分离出气体和液体，可以产生一个强大的人工加速场，而不是依靠重力。这可以通过在分离器中产生漩涡流来实现。DYNASWIRL® 相分离器就是这样一种被动装置，它已在实验室的空气/水混合物中和美国宇航局的五次减重力抛物线飞行中得到验证。在这项工作中，进行了广泛的实验室测试和数值模拟，以证明 DYNASWIRL 用于低温相分离的有效性。液氮（LN2）被用于广泛的测试，包括分离器和管道淬火、液体沸腾和汽化、相分离和回收的非稳态槽到槽传输。本文介绍了所使用的分离器和测试装置。它研究了液体（水和 LN2）、几何参数及其对分离和分离器压力损失的影响，并分析了气体去除过程的流动动力学。经过验证的数值模拟支持实验结果，并有助于解释设计参数对结果的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and ANN modeling of kerosene fuel desulfurization using a manganese oxide-tin oxide catalyst 使用氧化锰-氧化锡催化剂进行煤油燃料脱硫的实验和 ANN 模拟

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.001

This research pioneered the use of a nanocatalyst composed of manganese oxide (MnO₂) and stannic oxide (SnO₂) to effectively remove dibenzothiophene (DBT) from kerosene fuel through the catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as the oxidant. Impregnating SnO₂ with varying amounts of MnO₂ was used to manufacture the catalyst. The oxidation experiment ran in a batch reactor with varying reaction times and temperatures to determine optimal conditions. High MnO₂ dispersion over SnO₂ was shown by catalyst characterization data. Under optimal operating parameters (catalyst type: 5 % MnO₂/SnO₂, reaction temperature: 75 °C, and reaction duration: 100 min), the results demonstrated a maximum DBT removal efficiency of 82.84 % from kerosene fuel. This research also provides the construction of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to simulate the upgrading of kerosene fuel via desulfurization process. There has been a growing trend toward the diversified use of ANN to represent steady state systems in chemical engineering. MATLAB's code was employed for matching the experimental data to the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The resulted data showed significant agreement between the experimental and predicted outcomes, with regression coefficients (R²) of 0.99902, 0.99986, and 0.99961 and mean square errors (MSE) of 0.266, 0.272, and 0.104 for 0 % MnO₂/SnO₂, 1 % MnO₂/SnO₂, and 5 % MnO₂/SnO₂ respectively. This interactive model provided a solid foundation for understanding the novel behavior of the oxidation process.

这项研究率先使用由氧化锰（MnO2）和氧化锡（SnO2）组成的纳米催化剂，以过氧化氢（H2O2）为氧化剂，通过催化氧化脱硫（ODS）工艺有效去除煤油燃料中的二苯并噻吩（DBT）。制造催化剂的方法是在二氧化锡中浸渍不同量的二氧化锰。氧化实验在间歇式反应器中进行，反应时间和温度各不相同，以确定最佳条件。催化剂表征数据显示，二氧化锰在二氧化锡上的分散度很高。在最佳操作参数下（催化剂类型：5 % MnO2/SnO2，反应温度：75 °C，反应时间：100 分钟）下，结果表明，二氧化锰在二氧化锡上的分散度很高：结果表明，煤油燃料中 DBT 的最大去除率为 82.84%。这项研究还构建了人工神经网络（ANN）模型，用于模拟煤油燃料的脱硫升级过程。在化学工程中，越来越多地使用人工神经网络来表示稳态系统。使用 MATLAB 代码将实验数据与人工神经网络（ANN）模型相匹配。结果表明，实验结果和预测结果之间存在明显的一致性，0 % MnO2/SnO2、1 % MnO2/SnO2 和 5 % MnO2/SnO2 的回归系数 (R2) 分别为 0.99902、0.99986 和 0.99961，均方误差 (MSE) 分别为 0.266、0.272 和 0.104。这一交互模型为理解氧化过程的新行为提供了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of computational parcel resolution on hydrodynamics and performance of reacting fluidized bed reactors 计算包裹分辨率对流化床反应器流体力学和性能的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.033

The Eulerian-Lagrangian computational models are critical for understanding gas-phase processes and addressing engineering challenges, yet their numerical accuracy in reactive gas-solid fluidized beds remains a concern. This work utilizes the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) scheme to assess the impact of parcel number on the hydrodynamics and reaction predictions in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst regeneration process. By employing the energy-minimization multi-scale model for bubbling and turbulent flow regimes, the MP-PIC simulations closely match experimental solids concentration profiles. We developed and analyzed different parcel resolutions: 9.5×10³, 2.0×10⁴, 1.0×10⁵, 2.2×10⁵, 1.1×10⁶ in bubbling fluidized beds (BFB), and 6.5×10³, 1.3×10⁴, 7.1×10⁴, 1.4×10⁵, 6.8×10⁵ in turbulent fluidized beds (TFB). The findings reveal a significant sensitivity of coke combustion efficiency, flue gas evolution, and temperature to parcel resolution in BFB, attributable to mesoscale activities, with less impact observed in TFB. The study highlights the essential balance between the accuracy of Lagrangian particle configuration and computational costs.

欧拉-拉格朗日计算模型对于理解气相过程和解决工程难题至关重要，但其在反应性气固流化床中的数值精度仍然令人担忧。本研究利用多相颗粒-单元（MP-PIC）方案来评估包裹数对流化催化裂化（FCC）催化剂再生过程中的流体力学和反应预测的影响。通过在气泡和湍流状态下采用能量最小化多尺度模型，MP-PIC 模拟与实验中的固体浓度曲线非常吻合。我们开发并分析了不同的包裹分辨率：在鼓泡流化床 (BFB) 中为 9.5×10³、2.0×10⁴、1.0×10⁵、2.2×10⁵、1.1×10⁶；在湍流流化床 (TFB) 中为 6.5×10³、1.3×10⁴、7.1×10⁴、1.4×10⁵、6.8×10⁵。研究结果表明，焦炭燃烧效率、烟气演变和温度对 BFB 中的包裹分辨率非常敏感，这归因于中尺度活动，而在 TFB 中观察到的影响较小。该研究强调了拉格朗日粒子配置精度与计算成本之间的重要平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative fluidized bed flotation column for fine particle separation 用于细颗粒分离的创新型流化床浮选柱

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.002

Flotation columns are extensively utilized to separate fine mineral particles. In highly turbulent environments, the increased collision efficiency between bubbles and particles can lead to improved flotation efficiency of fine particles. The fluidized bed flotation column (FBFC), a new type of flotation equipment, improves the separation efficiency of fine particles by creating a highly turbulent environment in the fluidized zone through the addition of solid particles. This paper investigated the fluidization characteristics, bubble, and gas hold up of the FBFC, along with the flotation efficiency of fine quartz particles. Experimental results showed that introducing gas enhanced the fluidization process in the fluidized bed. The fluidized zone facilitated the fragmentation of bubbles into smaller ones. With increasing liquid velocity, the bubble diameter decreases before subsequently increasing, while the gas holdup initially rises and then declines. The flotation efficiency of fine quartz particles is superior in FBFC with added particles compared to those without added particles. The flotation efficiency of fine particles increases with the rise in both liquid velocity and gas velocity.

浮选柱被广泛用于分离细小矿物颗粒。在高湍流环境中，气泡与颗粒之间碰撞效率的提高可提高细颗粒的浮选效率。流化床浮选柱（FBFC）是一种新型浮选设备，通过在流化区加入固体颗粒创造高湍流环境来提高细颗粒的分离效率。本文研究了 FBFC 的流化特性、气泡和气体容纳量，以及细小石英颗粒的浮选效率。实验结果表明，气体的引入增强了流化床的流化过程。流化区有利于气泡破碎成更小的气泡。随着液体速度的增加，气泡直径先减小后增大，而气体截留率则先上升后下降。在添加颗粒的 FBFC 中，细小石英颗粒的浮选效率优于不添加颗粒的 FBFC。细颗粒的浮选效率随着液体速度和气体速度的增加而增加。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress in synthesis and application of polyionic-liquid heteropolyacid materials 聚阴离子液体杂多酸材料的合成与应用研究进展

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.032

Heteropolyacids (HPA), as a new type of green catalyst, have been widely used in various fields and achieved good results. However, its development is limited by some disadvantages, such as low surface area, easy self-aggregation and difficult recycling. As a kind of polyelectrolyte with configurable structure, polyionic-liquid (PIL) have the advantages of easy processing, strong tunability of chemical structure and function, and easy-separation from reactants. In order to solve the problems of HPA, a new type of polyionic-liquid heteropolyacid (PILH) with catalytic ability was prepared by organically combining PIL and HPA. This paper summarizes different synthesis methods of PIL and different combination methods of PIL with HPA. The application of PILH, mainly in electrochemistry, catalysis and adsorption field, is also summarized. It is considered that PILH have good application performance as a new kind of composite material, which provides reference for further research on the application of PILH.

杂多酸（HPA）作为一种新型绿色催化剂，已被广泛应用于各个领域，并取得了良好的效果。然而，其表面积低、易自聚集、难回收等缺点限制了其发展。聚阴离子液体（PIL）作为一种结构可配置的聚电解质，具有易加工、化学结构和功能可调性强、易与反应物分离等优点。为了解决 HPA 存在的问题，研究人员将 PIL 与 HPA 有机结合，制备了一种具有催化能力的新型聚阴离子液体杂多酸（PILH）。本文总结了 PIL 的不同合成方法以及 PIL 与 HPA 的不同结合方法。此外，还总结了 PILH 在电化学、催化和吸附领域的应用。认为 PILH 作为一种新型复合材料具有良好的应用性能，为进一步研究 PILH 的应用提供了参考。

引用次数: 0

Experimental and theoretical modeling of droplet break-up of W/O emulsion flow in ESPs 静电除尘器中油包水乳化液流动液滴破裂的实验和理论建模

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.025

The behavior of water-in-oil emulsions flow within Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) is of significant interest in the oil and gas industry due to its complex rheological characteristics, which are influenced by operational parameters and the chemical properties of both phases. Operational parameters such as dispersed phase fraction, temperature, flow rate, and pump design were investigated experimentally in this work. Improved semi-empirical models for mean and maximum droplet diameter estimation were also proposed. Through extensive experimentation and statistical analysis, this study reveals that smaller droplets form with increasing dispersed phase fraction and the flow geometry significantly affects droplet breakage intensity. The proposed models integrate the dispersed phase fraction, dimensionless flow rate, specific speed, and energy dissipation rate, exhibiting commendable alignment with experimental findings. This not only helps predict effective viscosity but offers valuable insights for further analyses, particularly regarding catastrophic phase inversion (CPI) prediction. These aspects have significant importance in the oil and gas industry and can enable the optimization of production systems and processing facilities.

油包水型乳化液在电潜泵（ESP）内的流动行为因其复杂的流变特性而备受油气行业关注，而流变特性又受到操作参数和两相化学特性的影响。在这项工作中，对分散相分数、温度、流速和泵设计等操作参数进行了实验研究。此外，还提出了用于估算平均和最大液滴直径的改进型半经验模型。通过大量的实验和统计分析，本研究发现，随着分散相分数的增加，形成的液滴会越来越小，而流动几何形状会显著影响液滴的破碎强度。所提出的模型综合了分散相分数、无量纲流速、比速度和能量耗散率，与实验结果一致，值得称赞。这不仅有助于预测有效粘度，还为进一步分析，尤其是灾难性相位反转（CPI）预测提供了宝贵的见解。这些方面对石油和天然气行业具有重要意义，可以优化生产系统和加工设施。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Implications for control systems in highly volatile energy markets: Using a high purity distillation electrification case study” [Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 203 (2024) 431–440] 能源市场剧烈波动对控制系统的影响：使用高纯度蒸馏电气化案例研究" [Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 203 (2024) 431-440] 的更正

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.08.016

引用次数: 0

Influence of ultrasound treatment over CuZnAlCr mixed oxide catalysts in high-temperature water gas shift reaction 超声处理对高温水煤气变换反应中铜锌铝铬混合氧化物催化剂的影响

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.043

An ultrasonic pretreatment was applied to prepare ZnO-CuO-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ mixed oxide catalysts for high-temperature water-gas shift reactions. XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, TPR, TGA, and FT-IR characterization tests were administered. Sonication time (1, 1.5, 2.5 h) and power (70, 140, 210 W) studied. Characterization results indicated that ultrasonic waves significantly accelerated the chemical reaction, effectively decreasing particle agglomeration and increasing particle distribution uniformity. In SEM images, the particle size of the prepared sample with 30 % ultrasonic intensity is reduced with a uniform size distribution that increases surface area and creates excellent performance. The significant impact of ultrasound irradiation has been demonstrated in the development and growth of particles under various experimental synthesis conditions. The sample synthesized under 1.5 hour of ultrasound irradiation and 400℃ calcination obtained the best results because of morphology, surface area, and crystallinity contributing factors.

通过超声波预处理制备了用于高温水-气变换反应的 ZnO-CuO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 混合氧化物催化剂。进行了 XRD、BET、SEM、EDX、TPR、TGA 和 FT-IR 表征测试。研究了超声时间（1、1.5、2.5 小时）和功率（70、140、210 瓦）。表征结果表明，超声波明显加速了化学反应，有效减少了颗粒团聚，提高了颗粒分布的均匀性。在 SEM 图像中，超声波强度为 30% 的制备样品的粒度减小，粒度分布均匀，增加了比表面积，性能优异。在不同的实验合成条件下，超声辐照对颗粒的发育和生长产生了重大影响。由于形态、比表面积和结晶度等因素的影响，在 1.5 小时超声辐照和 400℃ 煅烧条件下合成的样品获得了最佳结果。

引用次数: 0

CFD simulation of liquid-liquid extraction mechanism and enhancement schemes in microchannels based on three mass transfer models 基于三种传质模型的微通道液-液萃取机理及强化方案的 CFD 仿真

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.042

Microreactors are highly efficient devices with a large specific surface area to improve the mass transfer efficiency. In this paper, a comprehensive three-dimensional CFD model was constructed based on three mass transfer theories to simulate the liquid-liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer process in a microchannel reactor, and two enhancement schemes were proposed. The multiphase flow and mass transfer characteristics were investigated by visualization and extraction experiments. The results indicated that the extraction efficiencies (E) and overall mass transfer coefficients (

K_{L} a

) calculated by the penetration model and surface renewal model were within

\pm

15 % errors compared to the experimental values. Moreover, E primarily increases with the increase of fluid residence time, while

K_{L} a

increases with increasing flow rate. As the flow rate increases from 0.3 ml/min to 1.5 ml/min, E decreases by 15 %, and

K_{L} a

rises from 0.78 s⁻¹ to 2.65 s⁻¹. Whereas the channel width decreases from 0.8 mm to 0.3 mm, E decreases by 3 %, and

K_{L} a

rises from 0.44 s⁻¹ to 2.77 s⁻¹. Finally, microchannel with necked structure and baffles in mixing zone both improve the mass transfer efficient to some extent.

微反应器是一种高效装置，具有较大的比表面积，可提高传质效率。本文基于三种传质理论构建了全面的三维 CFD 模型，模拟了微通道反应器中的液液两相流动和传质过程，并提出了两种增强方案。通过可视化和萃取实验研究了多相流动和传质特性。结果表明，渗透模型和表面更新模型计算出的萃取效率（E）和整体传质系数（KLa）与实验值相比，误差在 ±15 % 以内。此外，E 主要随流体停留时间的增加而增加，而 KLa 则随流速的增加而增加。当流速从 0.3 ml/min 增加到 1.5 ml/min 时，E 下降了 15%，KLa 从 0.78 s-¹ 增加到 2.65 s-¹。而通道宽度从 0.8 毫米减小到 0.3 毫米时，E 下降 3%，KLa 从 0.44 s-¹ 上升到 2.77 s-¹。最后，带颈结构的微通道和混合区的挡板都在一定程度上提高了传质效率。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the engineering aspects of azo dye decolorization in aerobic granular reactors 评估好氧颗粒反应器中偶氮染料脱色的工程问题

IF 3.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Research & Design

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.09.040

This investigation evaluated the impact of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) (50 mg·L⁻¹) on the formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Additionally, the effects of the reactor configuration (conventional and simultaneous fill/draw), use of pre-granulated sludge, and addition of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) (25 and 50 µM) on the removal of C, N, P, and color were assessed. Although granulation was achieved, the AGS grown in the presence of RB5 showed lower concentration, worse settleability, and smaller size. Nevertheless, the dye did not compromise C, N, and P removals (above 90 %, 75 %, and 35 %, respectively). However, color removal was considered low (∼50 %). Neither the reactor configuration nor the use of pre-granulated sludge significantly affected N, P, and color removals. Therefore, except for C removal, using an AGS previously grown in dye presence is not a prerequisite. Finally, AQDS addition increased RB5 decolorization (from 48 % to 64 % at 50 µM). However, unexpectedly, it had a slight negative impact on N removal.

这项研究评估了偶氮染料活性黑 5（RB5）（50 mg-L-1）对好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）的形成和稳定性的影响。此外，还评估了反应器配置（常规和同步填充/抽吸）、预颗粒污泥的使用以及氧化还原介质蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸盐（AQDS）（25 和 50 µM）的添加对去除碳、氮、磷和色度的影响。虽然实现了颗粒化，但在 RB5 存在下生长的 AGS 浓度较低、沉降性较差、体积较小。尽管如此，染料并没有影响碳、氮和磷的去除率（分别超过 90%、75% 和 35%）。不过，色素去除率较低（∼50%）。反应器配置和使用预制粒污泥都不会对氮、磷和色素去除率产生明显影响。因此，除了对 C 的去除，使用之前在染料存在下生长的 AGS 并不是一个先决条件。最后，添加 AQDS 增加了 RB5 的脱色率（50 µM 时从 48% 增加到 64%）。然而，出乎意料的是，它对氮的去除有轻微的负面影响。

引用次数: 0

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