Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献_第9页

Application of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and mortar) for the removal of metal ions, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ 建筑和拆迁垃圾（石膏和砂浆）去除金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+、Ni2+的应用

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100174

Jefferson Luiz Alves Marinho , Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha , Raimundo Nonato Pereira Teixeira , Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho , Jorge Marcell Coelho Menezes , Francisco José de Paula Filho , Lucia Raquel de Lima , Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira Tintino , Hyan Thompson Oliveira Lopes , Paulo Ives Pereira de Alcântara

The intensification of human activities, consumption, production, and exploitation of raw materials, coupled with rapid population growth and industrial activity development, has led to significant environmental impacts. As civilization progresses, the level of environmental pollution with toxic metals has also intensified. The ability to quickly detect heavy metal pollution in wastewater and find its source is critical for environmental monitoring and protection. In the search for cheaper and more economical materials to be used as precipitants, civil construction waste has been used for this application. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the utilization of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and cementitious mortar) in the retention of Copper, Lead, and Nickel metal ions. The assessment of the removal capacity of these metal ions using gypsum powder and cementitious mortar was conducted through chemical precipitation using batch experiments. The results obtained for Pb²⁺ ions showed that increasing the mass of gypsum from 10 to 100 g resulted in precipitation rates ranging from 97.29 to 98.31 %. Gypsum also proved to be a viable alternative for Cu²⁺ precipitation with rates of 92.99 to 96.65 %, while the most significant retention rate for Ni²⁺ was observed for the mass of 100 g, reaching 94.63 %. In experiments using different types of cementitious mortar (ACI, ACII, ACIII, and common) as precipitants in a solution contaminated with copper at a constant concentration of 600 mg/L, it was found that the precipitation rates were practically the same, with ACIII mortar showing the highest percentage of precipitation. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrated that construction and demolition waste by-products rich in gypsum and cementitious mortar are efficient in removing toxic metals, representing promising alternatives for wastewater decontamination.

人类活动、原材料的消费、生产和开发的加剧，加上人口的迅速增长和工业活动的发展，导致了重大的环境影响。随着文明的进步，有毒金属对环境的污染程度也在加剧。快速检测废水中重金属污染并找到其来源的能力对于环境监测和保护至关重要。在寻找更便宜和更经济的材料用作沉淀剂的过程中，民用建筑垃圾已被用于这一应用。在此背景下，本研究旨在评估建筑和拆除废物（石膏和胶凝砂浆）在保留铜、铅和镍金属离子方面的利用。采用化学沉淀法对石膏粉和胶凝砂浆对这些金属离子的去除能力进行了评价。对Pb2+离子的结果表明，当石膏质量从10 g增加到100 g时，沉淀率为97.29 ~ 98.31%。石膏也被证明是Cu2+沉淀的可行选择，其沉淀率为92.99 ~ 96.65%，而Ni2+的保留率在100 g时最高，达到94.63%。在恒定浓度为600 mg/L的铜污染溶液中，使用不同类型的胶凝砂浆（ACI、ACII、ACIII和普通）作为沉淀剂进行实验，发现沉淀率基本相同，其中ACIII砂浆的沉淀率最高。因此，获得的结果表明，富含石膏和胶凝砂浆的建筑和拆除废物副产品可以有效去除有毒金属，代表了废水净化的有希望的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering methanolysis of Calophyllum inophyllum oil into biodiesel using KOH-doped Aegle marmelos biochar catalyst: Thermo-kinetics, optimization and cost analysis 用koh掺杂的蜜瓜生物炭催化剂解译花椒油甲醇分解制备生物柴油：热动力学、优化和成本分析

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100153

Bisheswar Karmakar , Gopinath Halder

The current study presents the catalysed conversion of Calophyllum inophyllum oil with methanol into biodiesel using a single stage approach. Here, the catalyst development essentially valorises waste Aegle marmelos fruit shell through carbonization and subsequent doping with KOH. An indigenously developed heterogeneous catalyst was obtained that can be easily recovered and reused multiple times, proving to be cost efficient according to calculated estimates. This also reduces fuel synthesis costs owing to drastic reduction in wastewater generation. The reaction is optimized through central composite design (CCD) using five process parameters viz. reaction temperature, duration, catalyst concentration, methanol concentration and agitation speed, which resulted in maximum fuel yield of 95.77 %. Conversion of oil was optimal using methanol at 40 %w/w concentration at 60 °C reaction temperature, when the reaction occurs for a duration of 150 min with KOH-doped catalyst at 4 %w/w concentration, requiring a high agitation speed of 850 rpm. From analysis of variance (ANOVA) studies it is clear that the developed model is consistent and statistically relevant. From kinetic and thermodynamic studies, it is seen that the base catalysed transesterification has an activation energy (E_a) = 98.895 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) = 90.74 min^-1, as the reaction is endothermic since enthalpy change (ΔH) was noted to be 809.64 J, along with an entropy change (ΔS) of -64.59 J/K-mol, showing it to be non-spontaneous as well as increasing order in the system.

本研究采用单阶段法，用甲醇催化将茶树油转化为生物柴油。在这里，催化剂的开发本质上是通过碳化和随后的KOH掺杂使废埃格尔甜瓜果壳增值。获得了一种易于回收和多次重复使用的自主开发的多相催化剂，根据计算估计证明了其成本效益。由于废水产生的急剧减少，这也降低了燃料合成成本。采用中心复合设计（CCD）对反应温度、反应时间、催化剂浓度、甲醇浓度和搅拌速度5个工艺参数进行优化，使反应收率达到95.77%。反应温度为60℃，甲醇浓度为40% w/w， koh掺杂催化剂浓度为4% w/w，反应时间为150 min，搅拌速度为850 rpm。从方差分析（ANOVA）研究中可以清楚地看出，所开发的模型是一致的，并且具有统计相关性。从动力学和热力学研究中可以看出，碱催化酯交换反应的活化能(Ea) = 98.895 kJ/mol，频率因子(A) = 90.74 min-1，因为该反应是吸热反应，焓变（ΔH）为809.64 J，熵变（ΔS）为-64.59 J/K-mol，表明该反应是非自发的，并且在体系中呈递增顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Soybean biochar as highly efficient adsorbent for ofloxacin from aqueous and CO2 from gaseous phase: Mathematical modelling and regeneration studies 大豆生物炭作为氧氟沙星水相和CO2气相的高效吸附剂：数学模型和再生研究

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100154

Vaishnavi Gomase , Tejaswini Rathi , Aparna Muley , D. Saravanan , Ravin Jugade

This study seeks to repurpose soybean biowaste by activating and pyrolyzing it, resulting in phosphoric acid-treated soybean biochar (PTSB). The novelty of this approach lies in its ability to effectively remove both aqueous and gaseous pollutants, making it a versatile solution for environmental remediation. By transforming agricultural waste into a high-value material, this method not only promotes sustainability but also offers a dual-purpose adsorbent capable of addressing a broader range of contaminants than traditional adsorbents. This innovative process represents a significant advancement in both waste valorization and pollution control. With a substantial surface area of 289.82 m² g⁻¹, this carbonized biochar effectively adsorbs ofloxacin (OFX) from water and captures CO₂ in its gaseous form. Characterization of PTSB was conducted using various techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in over 95 % adsorption efficiency. Isotherm and kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption process adheres to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Notably, a significant observation was made regarding the increase in adsorption with rising temperature. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_m) at temperatures of 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K were determined to be 96.83 mg g⁻¹, 147.56 mg g⁻¹, and 201.82 mg g⁻¹, respectively, as derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Examination of CO₂ sequestration at various temperatures demonstrated highest adsorption recorded at 273 K, reaching 49.96 mL g⁻¹. Furthermore, Q_st values for CO₂ removal were consistently below 40 kJ mol⁻¹, indicating a physisorption process. Furthermore, mathematical modeling techniques were applied to forecast the OFX breakthrough curve and assess various removal approaches. The results of this research aid in the advancement of efficient remediation techniques aimed at reducing the environmental repercussions of OFX contamination. The study investigated the regeneration of PTSB and the degradation of OFX using reagents, UV, and gamma radiation.

本研究旨在通过活化和热解大豆生物废弃物，得到磷酸处理的大豆生物炭（PTSB）。这种方法的新颖之处在于它能够有效地去除水和气体污染物，使其成为环境修复的通用解决方案。通过将农业废弃物转化为高价值材料，这种方法不仅促进了可持续性，而且提供了一种双重用途的吸附剂，能够处理比传统吸附剂更广泛的污染物。这一创新过程在废物增值和污染控制方面都取得了重大进展。这种碳化的生物炭具有289.82 m²g的表面积，能有效地吸附水中的氧氟沙星（OFX），并能捕获气态的二氧化碳。用不同的技术对PTSB进行表征。采用响应面法（RSM）对间歇吸附实验进行优化，获得了95%以上的吸附效率。等温线和动力学研究表明，吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二级动力学。值得注意的是，随着温度的升高，吸附量增加了。根据Langmuir吸附等温线，在303 K、313 K和323 K温度下的最大吸附量qm分别为96.83 mg g - 1、147.56 mg g - 1和201.82 mg g - 1。在不同温度下对CO2固存的检测表明，273 K时的吸附性最高，达到49.96 mL g−1。此外，CO2去除的Qst值始终低于40 kJ mol−1，表明存在物理吸附过程。此外，应用数学建模技术预测OFX突破曲线并评估各种清除方法。这项研究的结果有助于提高有效的修复技术，旨在减少OFX污染对环境的影响。本研究利用试剂、紫外线和伽马辐射研究了PTSB的再生和OFX的降解。

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引用次数: 0

Simulating natural gas combustion with steam injection to reduce NOx emissions 模拟天然气燃烧与蒸汽喷射，以减少氮氧化物排放

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100212

Amir Kavoosi, Ali Keshavarz

NOx emissions from combustion processes pose significant environmental challenges. In response, researchers worldwide are investigating methods to reduce these pollutants. This paper explores the effectiveness of steam injection in reducing NOx emissions through numerical simulations of a diffusion-type combustion process in a gas turbine combustion chamber. In this study, steam and methane are premixed and then introduced into the combustion chamber through parallel inlets along with air. Key parameters such as boundary conditions, wall conditions, and flow rates are meticulously defined. The simulations are performed using ANSYS Fluent software, with validation against experimental data to ensure accuracy. After validation, various steam mass fractions, specifically 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % H₂O by mass fraction relative to methane, are examined for their impact. The simulation results, including temperature, carbon monoxide, and NOx concentrations, are compared across different steam mass fractions. The simulation results show that increasing the steam fraction from 10 % to 30 % relative to methane reduces NOx emissions from 7 ppm to 0.12 ppm at a radial distance of 4 cm, demonstrating a significant NOx reduction effect through steam injection. The findings indicate that increasing the steam mass fraction reduces NOx emissions, demonstrating the potential of this method for cleaner combustion processes.

燃烧过程中产生的氮氧化物排放对环境构成了重大挑战。作为回应，世界各地的研究人员正在研究减少这些污染物的方法。本文通过对燃气轮机燃烧室扩散型燃烧过程的数值模拟，探讨了蒸汽喷射降低NOx排放的有效性。在这项研究中，蒸汽和甲烷被预先混合，然后与空气一起通过平行入口引入燃烧室。关键参数，如边界条件，壁面条件和流速精心定义。利用ANSYS Fluent软件进行了仿真，并与实验数据进行了验证，确保了仿真的准确性。验证后，检查各种蒸汽质量分数，特别是相对于甲烷的质量分数为0%，10%，20%和30%的H2O的影响。模拟结果，包括温度，一氧化碳和氮氧化物浓度，在不同的蒸汽质量分数进行比较。模拟结果表明，在4 cm径向距离上，将相对于甲烷的蒸汽分数从10%增加到30%，NOx排放量从7 ppm减少到0.12 ppm，表明蒸汽注入对NOx的减少效果显著。研究结果表明，增加蒸汽质量分数可以减少氮氧化物的排放，证明了这种方法在清洁燃烧过程中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of furfural production from xylose over sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides catalyst in biphasic system 优化硫酸化钛铌混合氧化物催化剂在双相体系中利用木糖生产糠醛的工艺

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100125

Sophia Bakili , Thomas Kivevele , Cecil K. King'ondu

The present study investigates the use of SO₄^2-/TiO₂Nb₂O₅ (STNO) catalyst prepared through the modified sol-gel method in the process of xylose dehydration to furfural. The reaction was carried out in a biphasic solvent consisting of toluene and water. The catalyst used in this study was subjected to several characterization methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The textural properties of the catalyst were evaluated by conducting N₂ adsorption and desorption measurements using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The impact of catalyst dosage, resident time, xylose concentration, and reaction temperature in the dehydration of xylose to produce furfural was explored. The study employed response surface methodology to identify the optimal operational parameters that would result in the highest furfural selectivity. At a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a reaction time of 180 min, a maximum conversion of xylose of 98 mol%, furfural selectivity of 74 mol%, and a furfural yield of 63 mol% was obtained. The activation energy for the synthesized catalyst was determined to be 26.7 KJ/mol. The results of this investigation show the great potential that sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides have in transforming biomass resources into value-added compounds.

本研究探讨了在木糖脱水制糠醛过程中使用改良溶胶-凝胶法制备的 SO42-/TiO2Nb2O5 (STNO) 催化剂的问题。反应在甲苯和水组成的双相溶剂中进行。本研究中使用的催化剂采用了多种表征方法，包括傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）。催化剂的质地特性是通过使用布鲁纳-艾美特-泰勒（BET）法进行 N2 吸附和解吸测量来评估的。研究还探讨了催化剂用量、驻留时间、木糖浓度和反应温度对木糖脱水生成糠醛的影响。研究采用了响应面方法，以确定能产生最高糠醛选择性的最佳操作参数。在反应温度为 150 °C 和反应时间为 180 分钟时，木糖的最大转化率为 98 摩尔%，糠醛选择性为 74 摩尔%，糠醛产量为 63 摩尔%。经测定，合成催化剂的活化能为 26.7 KJ/mol。研究结果表明，硫酸化钛铌混合氧化物在将生物质资源转化为高附加值化合物方面具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Technological maturity and future perspectives for green diesel production in Brazil 巴西绿色柴油生产的技术成熟度和未来前景

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100127

Lucas Sudré dos Santos, Henrique Gasparetto, Nina Paula Gonçalves Salau

During technological and social development, non-renewable sources were used to generate energy in various forms. The overexploitation of fossil fuel sources has raised significant concerns about environmental impacts. Given the need to transition to developing a more sustainable energy matrix, biofuels play an essential role as the transport sector contributes to a large percentage of gas emissions into the atmosphere. Among them, green diesel is an advanced biofuel obtained on an industrial scale, mainly by the catalytic hydrotreating of vegetable oils. In terms of technology and properties, green diesel stands out as a drop-in biofuel, which lacks blending restrictions with conventional diesel due to its chemical similarity. This biofuel also contains fewer impurities and has better combustion performance and an efficient production process. The leading green diesel manufacturing technologies are the main topic of this technological prospection review. Their particularities regarding industrial maturity are discussed, and challenges, opportunities, and drawbacks are considered and discussed for the Brazilian scenario. This analysis shows that although existing technologies have higher technological maturity, Brazil would have a special tendency toward catalytic hydrotreating for producing renewable diesel.

在技术和社会发展过程中，不可再生资源被用于生产各种形式的能源。化石燃料的过度开采引起了人们对环境影响的极大关注。鉴于需要过渡到发展更可持续的能源组合，生物燃料发挥着至关重要的作用，因为运输部门向大气排放的气体占很大比例。其中，绿色柴油是一种先进的生物燃料，主要通过对植物油进行催化加氢处理，在工业规模上获得。就技术和特性而言，绿色柴油是一种可直接使用的生物燃料，由于其化学性质相似，因此与传统柴油没有混合限制。这种生物燃料还含有较少的杂质，具有更好的燃烧性能和高效的生产工艺。领先的绿色柴油生产技术是本技术展望综述的主题。我们讨论了这些技术在工业成熟度方面的特点，并针对巴西的情况考虑和讨论了挑战、机遇和缺点。分析表明，虽然现有技术的技术成熟度较高，但巴西特别倾向于催化加氢处理生产可再生柴油。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of olive leaf extract on the physicochemical properties of bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil developed from Neem seed oil 橄榄叶提取物对楝树籽油开发的生物基理发剪润滑油理化特性的影响

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100128

Delkoumnode Bassol Marius , Yinka Sofihullahi Sanusi , Shitu Abubakar , Muhammad Usman Kaisan

Nowadays, mineral-based oil is the most popular used lubricant in hair-clipper applications. However, producing these petroleum-based lubricants contributes to environmental pollution and climate change. This study explores the effect of olive leaf extract on the physicochemical properties of a bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil derived from neem seed oil. Neem crude oil was synthesised using a double transesterification method to develop a neem bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil. The produce neem bio-lubricant was blended with olive leaf extract at concentrations of 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, and 200 mg/ml to enhance its anti-bacterial properties. The physicochemical properties of the blend, including viscosity, density, flash point, and pour point, were evaluated to determine its suitability as a sustainable alternative to conventional clipper oil. The results indicated that the flash point of the blended bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil was 180 °C, 195 °C, and 210 °C respectively, and they were found to be within the minimum requirement of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 2719) and above the conventional clipper oil (129 °C). From the pour point values obtained, the blended bio-lubricant offers a poorer value of 3 °C and 8 °C compared to that of ISO standard value (ISO standard 3016) and conventional clipper oil (-40 to -6 °C). It was also observed that the viscosities of 14.5 cSt, 15.6 cSt, and 16.7 cSt for the blended bio-lubricant conform with the minimum requirement of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 3104) and that of conventional clipper oil (7.5 to 90 cSt) at 40 °C. The density values of the blended bio-lubricant (0.897, 0.898, and 0.902) were found to be slightly above that of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 12185) and the conventional clipper oil (0.85–0.88). The antibacterial sensitivity test results of the blended bio-lubricant demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against all tested microorganisms at both high and low concentrations, except for Escherichia coli, which showed moderate sensitivity at low concentrations (50 mg/mL). In general, the results of this work show that the bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil is a potential alternative to conventional clipper oil.

如今，矿物油是剪发器应用中最常用的润滑油。然而，生产这些石油基润滑油会造成环境污染和气候变化。本研究探讨了橄榄叶提取物对从楝树籽油中提取的生物基剪发器润滑油理化特性的影响。使用双酯交换法合成楝树原油，以开发楝树生物基剪发器润滑油。生产出的楝树生物润滑油与浓度分别为 50 毫克/毫升、100 毫克/毫升和 200 毫克/毫升的橄榄叶提取物混合，以增强其抗菌特性。对混合液的理化特性（包括粘度、密度、闪点和倾点）进行了评估，以确定其是否适合作为传统剪毛机油的可持续替代品。结果表明，混合生物基剪发机润滑油的闪点分别为 180 °C、195 °C 和 210 °C，均符合 ISO 标准值（EN ISO 2719）的最低要求，且高于传统剪发机油（129 °C）。从获得的倾点值来看，混合生物润滑油的倾点值比 ISO 标准值（ISO 标准 3016）和传统剪毛机油的倾点值（-40 至 -6°C）分别低 3°C 和 8°C。此外，还观察到混合生物润滑剂在 40 °C 时的粘度分别为 14.5 厘斯特、15.6 厘斯特和 16.7 厘斯特，符合 ISO 标准值（EN ISO 3104）和传统剪毛机油（7.5 至 90 厘斯特）的最低要求。混合生物润滑剂的密度值（0.897、0.898 和 0.902）略高于 ISO 标准值（EN ISO 12185）和传统剪子油的密度值（0.85-0.88）。混合生物润滑剂的抗菌敏感性测试结果表明，除了大肠杆菌在低浓度（50 毫克/毫升）下表现出中等敏感性外，在高浓度和低浓度下对所有受测微生物都具有广谱活性。总之，这项工作的结果表明，生物基剪发器润滑油是传统剪发器油的潜在替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Functionalized MgONanoparticle integrated with PVDF-PEG fibre enhances strength and contaminant separation efficacy 功能化氧化镁颗粒与聚偏氟乙烯-聚乙二醇纤维相结合，增强了强度和污染物分离效果

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100135

Mohammed Abdulsalam , Mohammed Umar Abba , Ibrahim Babangida Dalha , Badruddeen Saulawa Sani , Katibi Kayode Kamil , Kiman Silas , Ibrahim Garba Shitu , Bello Suleiman

The constituent recalcitrant color pigments and other organic pollutants (such as COD, and MLSS) in palm oil mill effluent (POME) are detrimental, yet the commonly employed conventional remediation method has been inefficient. This study focused on the development of an innovative hybrid membrane designed for efficient decolorization and separation of pollutants. The research involves the incorporation of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles at a varied loading (0.0–0.75 wt%) into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethylene-glycol (PEG) hollow-fiber using blending dry-jet wet-swirling phase inversion technique. Initially, the crystallinity and purity of the MgO were examined using X-ray diffraction before the application. Then, morphological characteristics, elemental constituents, mechanical strength, and thermal stability of the resultant membranes were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Diffraction X-ray, tensile loading, and thermogravimetric analysis. The performance results indicated that the membrane sample with the nanoparticles MgO-0.50wt% demonstrated superior mechanical and thermal stability, as well as separation performance. The membrane was able to remove the colorants, COD, suspended solids, total nitrogen, and turbidity by 80.05, 94.10, 98.67, 87.02, and 96.01 %, respectively. Additionally, the sample has the highest flux recovery ratio of 0.929 (or 92.9 %) with a minimal irreversible fouling ratio of 0.071 (or 7.1 %). The regeneration and reusability analysis indicates that at the end of the 4th filtration cycle, the modified membrane (0.50 wt% MgO) exhibited only a 23.22 % reduction in permeability flux. This finding suggests that the nanoparticles MgO 0.50wt% PVDF/PEG sample is a promising technology for POME treatment.

棕榈油厂废水（POME）中含有顽固性色素和其他有机污染物（如COD和MLSS），但通常采用的常规修复方法效率低。本研究的重点是开发一种创新的混合膜，用于有效地脱色和分离污染物。该研究涉及使用混合干喷湿旋相转化技术将不同负载（0.0-0.75 wt%）的氧化镁（MgO）纳米颗粒掺入聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）和聚乙二醇（PEG）中空纤维中。最初，在应用前使用x射线衍射检查了MgO的结晶度和纯度。然后，使用扫描电子显微镜、x射线能量衍射、拉伸载荷和热重分析来检测所得膜的形态特征、元素成分、机械强度和热稳定性。实验结果表明，含MgO-0.50wt%纳米粒子的膜样品具有良好的机械稳定性、热稳定性和分离性能。该膜对着色剂、COD、悬浮物、总氮和浊度的去除率分别为80.05、94.10%、98.67、87.02和96.01%。此外，样品的通量回收率最高为0.929（或92.9%），不可逆结垢率最小为0.071（或7.1%）。再生和可重用性分析表明，在第4个过滤循环结束时，改性膜（0.50 wt% MgO）的渗透通量仅降低23.22%。这一发现表明纳米MgO 0.50wt% PVDF/PEG样品是一种很有前途的POME处理技术。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation the efficiency of individual organic coagulants and associated with aluminum sulfate in the removal of colloidal substances from Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brazil 评价单个有机混凝剂和硫酸铝在去除巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州里约热内卢Doce胶状物质中的效率

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100134

Letícia Reggiane de Carvalho Costa, Igor Ferreira Fioravante

The conventional water treatment process, involving primary, secondary, and tertiary stages, frequently employs chemical coagulants like aluminum sulfate during coagulation/flocculation. However, this practice generates residues with high concentrations of harmful inorganic salts, posing environmental and operational challenges. This study investigates the use of natural organic coagulants as sustainable and effective alternatives, emphasizing their potential to reduce residual inorganic content and leverage resources already present in the environment. Water samples from the Rio Doce in Santana do Paraíso, MG—impacted by the 2015 Fundão tailings dam collapse (SAMARCO)—were treated using Jar-test equipment to simulate coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation processes. The performance of aluminum sulfate, Tanfloc SG, and Moringa oleifera Lam was evaluated for turbidity removal, color reduction, and pH stability. While aluminum sulfate achieved 92 % turbidity and 83 % color removal, the natural coagulants demonstrated competitive results: Tanfloc SG achieved 83 % turbidity and 70 % color removal, and M. oleifera Lam achieved 75 % turbidity and 65 % color removal. Remarkably, combining aluminum sulfate with M. oleifera enhanced removal efficiencies to 99 % for both turbidity and color, with minimal pH variation. The findings highlight the advantages of natural coagulants, including lower residual inorganic waste and the opportunity to repurpose environmentally available resources, making them a promising alternative to conventional aluminum-based coagulants. This approach contributes to more sustainable water treatment practices, particularly for areas impacted by environmental disasters.

常规的水处理工艺包括一级、二级和三级，在混凝/絮凝过程中经常使用硫酸铝等化学混凝剂。然而，这种做法会产生含有高浓度有害无机盐的残留物，给环境和操作带来挑战。本研究调查了天然有机混凝剂作为可持续和有效的替代品的使用，强调了它们减少残留无机含量和利用环境中已经存在的资源的潜力。来自明尼苏达州Santana do Paraíso的里约热内卢Doce的水样-受到2015年fund尾矿坝坍塌（SAMARCO）的影响-使用jar测试设备进行处理，以模拟混凝/絮凝和沉积过程。对硫酸铝、Tanfloc SG和辣木的去浊度、还色性和pH稳定性进行了评价。而硫酸铝达到92%的浊度和83%的去色，天然混凝剂表现出竞争结果：Tanfloc SG达到83%的浊度和70%的去色，M. oleifera Lam达到75%的浊度和65%的去色。值得注意的是，硫酸铝与油橄榄的结合将浊度和颜色的去除效率提高到99%，pH值变化最小。研究结果强调了天然混凝剂的优势，包括低残留无机废物和重新利用环境可用资源的机会，使其成为传统铝基混凝剂的有希望的替代品。这种方法有助于更可持续的水处理实践，特别是受环境灾害影响的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Economic limitation of recent heterogeneous catalysts for ammonia synthesis 近期用于合成氨的异相催化剂的经济局限性

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2024.100119

Masaki Yoshida , Takaya Ogawa , Keiichi N. Ishihara

The economic performance of newly developed catalysts for ammonia synthesis, Ru/Ca(NH₂)₂ and Ru/Pr₂O₃, are evaluated by process simulation using Aspen Plus©. The results show that the high activity of the new catalysts reduces the electricity cost for pressurizing reactant gases; however, the electricity for lowering the temperature in ammonia separation through liquefaction is significant due to the mitigated pressure and almost compensates for the decreased cost. The results show an economic limitation to current research trends that develop a catalyst for ammonia synthesis under low pressure. It is noted that catalyst costs are high due to expensive ruthenium; thus, the lifetime of catalysts significantly influences the total cost. With the assumption of a long lifetime of catalysts, the new catalysts are advantageous when the electricity cost is high, the characteristics of the case in which renewable energy is employed. As the future direction of the catalyst development, recycling or extending the lifetime of the catalysts and replacing Ru with cheap metal will be crucial from the economic viewpoint. Moreover, effective methods for ammonia collection, such as adsorbents, should be focused on reducing the electricity of ammonia liquefaction in cooling separation and giving a vital meaning to the condition mitigated by the newly developed catalysts.

通过使用 Aspen Plus© 进行工艺模拟，评估了新开发的合成氨催化剂 Ru/Ca(NH2)2 和 Ru/Pr2O3 的经济性能。结果表明，新催化剂的高活性降低了反应气体加压的电费；然而，由于压力减轻，液化氨分离过程中降低温度所需的电费非常可观，几乎抵消了成本的下降。研究结果表明，目前开发低压合成氨催化剂的研究趋势存在经济局限性。值得注意的是，由于钌的价格昂贵，催化剂的成本很高；因此，催化剂的使用寿命对总成本有很大影响。假设催化剂的使用寿命较长，那么在电费较高的情况下，新型催化剂就具有优势，而这正是使用可再生能源的特点。从经济角度来看，催化剂的回收利用或延长催化剂的使用寿命以及用廉价金属替代 Ru 将是催化剂未来的发展方向。此外，吸附剂等有效的氨气收集方法应重点关注降低冷却分离过程中的氨气液化电费，并赋予新开发的催化剂缓解条件的重要意义。

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引用次数: 0