Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the role of material substitution in cost reduction and demand mitigation for sustainable wind energy infrastructure","authors":"Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated assessment of how material substitution can lower costs and reduce mineral demand in sustainable wind energy infrastructure. Using a multidimensional modeling framework, the study forecast demand for key minerals—including copper, neodymium, dysprosium, and nickel—between 2023 and 2050 under different global policy scenarios such as Stated Policies, Announced Pledges, and Net Zero targets. The methodology combines historical trend analysis, growth forecasting using nonlinear regression, and scenario-based projections to model future demand patterns. The study assesses how changes in price and availability influence mineral use through economic sensitivity modeling and elasticity analysis, identifying which materials are most responsive to market shifts. Risk and uncertainty are quantified using Monte Carlo simulations that model a wide range of future outcomes, including supply disruptions and policy volatility. Optimization modeling is employed to identify substitution pathways—such as advanced composites and engineered alternatives—that maintain turbine performance while reducing reliance on critical or high-cost materials. The results suggest that material substitution strategies can reduce total mineral demand by up to 25 % and cut production costs by 10–30 %, particularly in rare-earth-intensive components. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and investors seeking to align energy infrastructure development with environmental and economic sustainability. While comprehensive, the analysis acknowledges certain limitations. The projections are scenario-based and depend on assumptions about technological innovation, market dynamics, and policy execution. Additionally, uncertainties in global mineral reserve data and supply chain transparency may influence the accuracy of demand forecasts. Overall, this research provides a data-driven, novel roadmap for building more resilient, cost-efficient, and environmentally responsible wind energy systems by integrating substitution technologies and sustainable material strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical, thermal, chemical and biological approaches for plastics degradation–A review","authors":"Seetharam Pondala,&nbsp;Sathish Mohan Botsa","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics are pervasive pollutants in soil and water that break down slowly. Microplastics can adsorb other pollutants and have a high stability, long life time, and high fragmentation potential. The widespread presence of microplastics and their possible ecological effects make their removal from the environment a critical issue at the moment. This makes it necessary to find ways to eliminate micro plastics from the water and other media. Here, we go over numerous approaches have been put forth and examined in an effort to tackle this problem. Chemical, physical, and biological techniques are used in removal processes. The primary breakdown of microplastics by bacteria, fungi, algae, and macrophytes is the main function of biological methods. Physical methods include membrane technology, adsorption, centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration techniques. Chemical techniques contain the plasma treatment, Fenton and photo-Fenton process and thermal degradation. Every technique has benefits and drawbacks, which emphasizes the requirement for integrated strategies catered to various environmental conditions and microplastic kinds. The main topics we covered were the mechanisms, effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of different removal techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of waste avocado–banana fruit peels catalyst in the transesterification of non-edible Mafura kernel oil: Process optimization by Taguchi","authors":"A.O. Etim,&nbsp;P. Musonge","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit waste resources are expansive carriers of fundamental minerals and chemicals that are useful in energy generation. In this work, the combination of waste avocado and banana fruit peels as an active, environmentally friendly catalyst was studied in the transesterification of Mafura kernel oil (MKO), a non-edible oil with a high FFA content of 5 %. The catalyst was produced by calcining the burnt waste fruit materials at 700 °C. The calcined biochar was further examined for structural, chemical, and thermal properties using scientific instruments such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC-TGA. The results showed that inorganic minerals and carbonates of Sylvite (KCl), calcium phosphate (Ca₅(PO₄)₃), monticellite (K₂MgSiO₄), and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were obtained after the calcination, which facilitated the conversion of MKO via a one-step transesterification process. The L9 orthogonal Taguchi design-response surface methodology (RSM-L9OTD) was employed to optimize and statistically characterize the transesterification process. The ideal conditions established for the process variables for the optimum yield were CH₃OH: MKO molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 4.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, and time 80 min. The results showed that the Mafura kernel methyl ester (MKOME), which is within the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specified standard, was obtained at a confirmatory optimum yield of 96.06 % using the above conditions. Thus, the utilized feedstock offers attractive feasibility to sustainable biodiesel development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and application of copper-based cholesteryl chloroformate gelator for oil spill remediation","authors":"Raymond T. Iorhemen,&nbsp;Abdulmumin A. Nuhu,&nbsp;Israel K. Omoniyi,&nbsp;Abubakar B. Aliyu","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil spill impact negatively on the environment. Its remediation has been very challenging, and researchers have developed high efficient methods in handling this anomaly, but end up introducing secondary pollutants to the environment. The aim of this study is to synthesise a copper-based organometallogelator with cholesteryl chloroformate and apply it for oil spill remediation in water. In the methodology, the aromatic linker coded CuAL (copper aromatic linker) was first synthesised from a reaction of copper complex (coper reacting with hydrazine) with isophthaloyl chloride, then cholesteryl chloroformate was added to produce a gelator coded CuGe (copper gelator) with the A(LS)₂ (aromatic, linker and steroid) network, which were subsequently characterised. MS results for CuAL and CuGe showed fragments corresponding to the proposed structures, and were both highly crystalline, especially CuGe. Aliphatic primary amines, aromatic rings, aromatic overtones, and conjugated ketones were present in both CuAL and CuGe, with slight variation in peak positions, and the average particle diameter were 5.9 μm (CuAL), and 47.0 μm (CuGe), respectively. The synthesised compounds were thermally stable up to 338 °C (60.1 %) for CuAL and 469.9 °C (74.1 %) for CuGe. Heating-cooling gelation test was positive for methanol, petroleum motor spirit (PMS), kerosene (KSE), and crude oil (COL), with the longest time being 9 min. The highest gelation time and temperature (Tgel) at 2 mg were 3 min (for PMS), and 60 °C for COL respectively. Sorption capacities were 3.0 ± 0.3, 2.0 ± 0.1, and 3.7 ± 0.3 3.0, for PMS, KSE, and COL respectively. The removal efficiency CuGe was 95 % for COL, 89 % for PMS, and 80 % for KSE and is recyclable. In conclusion, a thermally stable, crystalline, eco-friendly, and recyclable copper-cholesteryl chloroformate-based metallogelator has been successfully synthesised. The gelator, CuGe, was successfully applied in the gelation of KSE, PMS, and COL from water with good efficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and comparison of multi-beds PSA technology for separation of carbon dioxide mixtures by processes simulations","authors":"Qiwei Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Chai ,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Zhen Chen,&nbsp;Yuanhang Qin,&nbsp;Tielin Wang,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Cunwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) demonstrates significant potential for post-combustion CO₂ capture from coal-fired flue gas (15 % CO₂/85 % N₂). This study systematically investigates two-bed, four-bed, and six-bed structural configurations of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems to elucidate the purity-recovery trade-off relationship. The six-bed process, incorporating triple pressure equalization steps, achieves the breakthrough performance of 92.7 % CO₂ purity and 92.4 % recovery under industrially feasible conditions (10 bar adsorption pressure, 40 s cycle time), surpassing conventional two-bed systems where neither metric exceeds 90 %. While the four-bed configuration attains ultra-high purity (∼99 % CO₂), its scalability in recovery remains constrained. Rigorous optimization of operational parameters (adsorption pressure, cycle time, bed aspect ratio) balances energy efficiency and separation performance. Results highlight multi-bed PSA, particularly the six-bed system, as a scalable solution for industrial CO₂ capture, effectively bridging the gap between high-purity benchmarks and practical recovery targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on hydrogen supplementation in a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel mixtures: Efficiency and emission trade-offs","authors":"Neeraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of alternative fuels can boost energy security and minimize carbon emissions. Addressing the global climate change challenge, many countries have committed to net-zero targets. Achieving net-zero emissions necessitates decarbonizing every sector of the economy. Hydrogen, produced from renewable energy, poses minimal environmental risks, and expanding its production will aid in meeting net-zero goals. The present study investigates the impact of hydrogen induction with diesel and biodiesel (lemon and orange peel oils) in dual fuel operation to evaluate the engine performance and emissions characteristics. A single-cylinder, diesel engine was used for experimentation. The hydrogen flow rates of 4 litres per minute (L/min),6 L/min, and 8 L/min were used with diesel and biodiesel. A 32.12 % increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and a 22.89 % decrease in Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) were observed when using pure diesel combined with 6 L/min of hydrogen gas. The addition of hydrogen significantly reduced exhaust emissions. Being a carbon-free fuel, hydrogen does not directly contribute to the formation of carbon-related pollutants such as CO, HC, and PM. Furthermore, its high diffusivity and wide flammability range promote superior mixing with intake air, which enhances the homogeneity of the charge and facilitates more complete combustion. The introduction of hydrogen acts as a combustion enhancer, enabling leaner combustion with higher flame propagation rates and more efficient oxidation of the primary fuel. Diesel combined with 6 L/min of hydrogen resulted in minimal Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) as well as lower Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and smoke emissions. But the increase in cylinder temperature and pressures led to a rise in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions caused by hydrogen addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable SHAP-based machine learning-assisted design for selecting ultrafiltration membranes in protein-laden phosphate wastewater","authors":"Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam ,&nbsp;Sani I. Abba ,&nbsp;Jamilu Usman ,&nbsp;Muthumareeswaran Ramamoorthy ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial wastewater contaminated with proteins and phosphates poses a significant challenge for producing clean water. This study innovatively employed regression-based machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the separation performance of proteins with varying molecular weights from synthetic phosphate-laden wastewater using commercially available membranes with different pore sizes. The chosen ML tools are bi-layered neural network (BNN), linear regression (LR), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Correlation was employed to select the most pertinent variables for constructing an effective model combination while safeguarding against data leakage within the frugal dataset. Among the ML tools, the BNN and GPR algorithms demonstrated effective predictive capabilities for protein rejection. The collaborative integration of all input variable combinations resulted in superior predictive accuracy (R²=0.99) for protein rejection, showcasing minimal error rates for both the BNN and GPR algorithms. Interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis indicated that the molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), protein molecular weight (PMw), and isoelectric point (IEP) were the most influential factors affecting protein separation performance, with mean SHAP values of approximately 25, 12, and 15, respectively. The ML tools revealed that the input variables of MWCO, PMw, and IEP exerted a more substantial impact compared to hydro-dynamic variables. This study provides insights into advancing the development of ML tools tailored to sparse datasets, particularly for accurately predicting protein separation from phosphate-laden wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Optimization, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Modeling of Pulp Production from Plantain stem using the Kraft Process” [Cleaner Chemical Engineering, Volume 11, (2025), 100129]","authors":"Effi Evelyn,&nbsp;Akindele Oyetunde Okewale,&nbsp;Chiedu Ngozi Owabor","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene combined with β-cyclodextrin stabilized cottonseed oil Pickering emulsions for the preparation of nano-cutting fluids","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Mingan Zhou ,&nbsp;Haijiang Xie ,&nbsp;Bin Dai ,&nbsp;Hualin Lin ,&nbsp;Sheng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutting fluids have long occupied an essential position in industrial manufacturing, but traditional mineral oil-based cutting fluids have limited their application in advanced manufacturing due to hazardous health, non-degradability, and poor thermal conductivity and cleaning ability. To this end, MXene (Ti₃C₂) was combined with oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion prepared from β-cyclodextrin-stabilized cottonseed oil to develop a new, highly efficient, environmentally friendly nano-cutting fluid. Among them, β-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide, can be employed as Pickering particles to improve the antioxidant and emulsion stability of cottonseed oil; MXene, an emerging class of 2D nanomaterials possessing excellent lubricating properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability, is an ideal material for the preparation of high-performance nano-cutting fluids. Optimized by the response surface design, the prepared Pickering emulsion with MXene (0.1wt.%) remained stable for about a month without delamination and improved the thermal conductivity by 136.4 % compared to cottonseed oil. Meanwhile, the coefficient of friction (COF), wear spot diameter (WSD), and tapping torque of Pickering emulsion with MXene were reduced by 35.64 %, 10.90 %, and 17.13 %, respectively, compared with cottonseed oil, and also outperformed commercial cutting fluids. The reduction is attributed to the fact that the oxygen functional groups on the surface of MXene can form hydrogen bonds, which are adsorbed on the friction side to form a strong and dense lubricant film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of glass-based catalysts for biodiesel production from a blend of beef tallow and waste cooking oil","authors":"M. Mashamba ,&nbsp;L. Tshuma ,&nbsp;L.B. Moyo ,&nbsp;N. Tshuma ,&nbsp;G.S. Simate","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perennial disparity between supply and demand of energy as a result of burgeoning populations, expeditious urbanisation and industrialisation has driven the need for alternative energy sources. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising vehicular fuel due to its similar physiochemical properties to mineral diesel and its potential to minimise environmental impact. However, the commercialisation of biodiesel production faces challenges, particularly related to feedstock and catalyst selection. This study explored the utilisation of waste laboratory glass to synthesize heterogeneous catalyst for producing biodiesel from a blend of beef tallow and waste cooking oil. Heterogeneous catalysts are crucial for achieving high conversion efficiency, reusability, ease of separation and minimal environmental degradation. The particle size distribution of the catalysts was heterogeneous, with 23.33 % of particles passing 710 μm, 30.83 % passing 500 μm, and 45.83 % passing 350 μm. XRF analysis revealed that silica was the primary elemental constituent, comprising over 70 % of the total sample composition, and successful incorporation of Na, Mg, and Zn in the respective treated catalysts was observed. FTIR analysis of the calcined and uncalcined catalysts showed a sharp decrease in hydroxyl functional groups, indicating successful calcination. All glass-based catalyst samples exhibited strong Si-O-Si vibration stretches around 1100<span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, confirming the presence of silicon as the glass precursor. The FTIR results of the crude biodiesel samples produced by the catalysts at 15 min intervals showed that the NaOH treated glass-based catalyst exhibited the fastest transesterification reaction.. The results showed that the NaOH treated, MgO treated, <em>Zncl</em>₂ treated, and control glass-based catalysts achieved catalyst yields of 80.63 %, 86.13 %, 91.38 %, and 94.25 % respectively, upon calcination. Furthermore, the produced biodiesel was characterised to evaluate its fuel properties: the tested parameters kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and acid value were within the desirable limits for biodiesel according to American and European standards . Moreover, the catalyst showed that it can be reused as after six cycles of reuse a biodiesel yield above 89 % was realised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}