Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3636624
{"title":"2025 Index IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3636624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3636624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"417-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11266960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145612219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3627820
{"title":"The Journal of Miniaturized Air and Space Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3627820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3627820","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11261885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3613723
Matheus R. Torres;Diego A. Coutinho;Evandro C. Vilas Boas
This work presents a compact and modular electrical power subsystem (EPS) tailored for CubeSats operating in low Earth orbit (LEO). The design integrates off-the-shelf components, including a microcontroller-based battery management system, analog solar panel regulators, and a digitally reconfigurable step-up converter. These components manage the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, optimize solar energy harvesting, and deliver multiple regulated voltage outputs to mission-critical subsystems. Experimental validation demonstrates reliable power regulation, efficient battery management, and robust solar panel integration, confirming the system’s effectiveness under varying load and input conditions. The architecture’s hybrid nature, combining analog and digital control, provides a flexible and scalable solution for small satellite missions with strict resource constraints and evolving power demands.
{"title":"A Hybrid Electrical Power Subsystem for CubeSats: Design and Experimental Validation","authors":"Matheus R. Torres;Diego A. Coutinho;Evandro C. Vilas Boas","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3613723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3613723","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a compact and modular electrical power subsystem (EPS) tailored for CubeSats operating in low Earth orbit (LEO). The design integrates off-the-shelf components, including a microcontroller-based battery management system, analog solar panel regulators, and a digitally reconfigurable step-up converter. These components manage the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, optimize solar energy harvesting, and deliver multiple regulated voltage outputs to mission-critical subsystems. Experimental validation demonstrates reliable power regulation, efficient battery management, and robust solar panel integration, confirming the system’s effectiveness under varying load and input conditions. The architecture’s hybrid nature, combining analog and digital control, provides a flexible and scalable solution for small satellite missions with strict resource constraints and evolving power demands.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"392-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3609830
Anastasios N. Bikos;Sathish A. P. Kumar
This article introduces SAT-IOTA, a lightweight and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cybersecurity framework designed for blockchain-powered satellite infrastructures. Unlike traditional detection approaches, SAT-IOTA employs predictive anomaly analytics combined with a sliding window (SW) machine learning mechanism to proactively identify and mitigate security threats in SAGIN. The proposed framework integrates IOTA distributed ledger technology (DLT) for secure, decentralized telemetry data management, tokenized satellite components, and resilience against cyber–physical attacks. Through a custom-built testbed with Hornet nodes, we evaluate the framework’s performance under Denial of Service (DoS) scenarios, achieving 97% prediction accuracy and an F-measure of 80%. The results confirm that SAT-IOTA enhances space system security by combining blockchain-driven trust with AI-based anomaly prediction, offering a scalable and resource-efficient solution for next-generation satellite communications.
{"title":"SAT-IOTA: A Cybersecurity Reinforcement Framework for Blockchain-Driven Space Satellites Utilizing Anomaly Prediction","authors":"Anastasios N. Bikos;Sathish A. P. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3609830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3609830","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces SAT-IOTA, a lightweight and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cybersecurity framework designed for blockchain-powered satellite infrastructures. Unlike traditional detection approaches, SAT-IOTA employs predictive anomaly analytics combined with a sliding window (SW) machine learning mechanism to proactively identify and mitigate security threats in SAGIN. The proposed framework integrates IOTA distributed ledger technology (DLT) for secure, decentralized telemetry data management, tokenized satellite components, and resilience against cyber–physical attacks. Through a custom-built testbed with Hornet nodes, we evaluate the framework’s performance under Denial of Service (DoS) scenarios, achieving 97% prediction accuracy and an F-measure of 80%. The results confirm that SAT-IOTA enhances space system security by combining blockchain-driven trust with AI-based anomaly prediction, offering a scalable and resource-efficient solution for next-generation satellite communications.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"378-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3594863
{"title":"The Journal of Miniaturized Air and Space Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3594863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3594863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11134541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3592724
Ferry Pascal Lanter;Adrian Sutinjo
Integrating low power radio frequency (RF) amplifiers (hundreds of milliwatts to watts) with a small multifrequency antenna ($lt lambda /4$ ) can miniaturize small satellite communication systems. This requires impedance matching networks (MNs) with large impedance transformation ratios within a multiplexer to transform the low antenna resistance of a small antenna to the high optimum load line impedance of a low power RF amplifier. However, large impedance transformation ratios make MNs highly sensitive to unavoidable circuit variations, e.g., tolerances, causing mismatches that degrade performance beyond utility. This article presents a multiplexer design method that permits the predictable correction of such unavoidable impedance mismatches in the realized circuit. This is achieved by isolating each impedance transformation within the multiplexer configuration; this permits independent impedance match corrections that does not alter the remaining multiplexer performance. This condition is generated by introducing a new method to synthesize multiplexer branches by resonating ladder section impedance matching circuits. To validate our multiplexer design methodology, a triplexer circuit for a small tri-band 3U CubeSat antenna was designed, manufactured, and measured. The impedance match of each multiplexer branch was highly sensitive; Monte-Carlo simulation results show that resulting the anticipated variation in amplifier output power exceeds $6.8,$ dB due to the variation in load line impedance. The impedance match of each multiplexer branch was successfully recovered to a realized impedance that yields less than 1 dB variation in transmit power from the target value, and the realized insertion loss was within 2 dB of the simulated insertion loss, confirming the practicability of this methodology.
{"title":"A Multiplexer Design Methodology for Small Multifrequency Antennas","authors":"Ferry Pascal Lanter;Adrian Sutinjo","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3592724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3592724","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating low power radio frequency (RF) amplifiers (hundreds of milliwatts to watts) with a small multifrequency antenna (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lt lambda /4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can miniaturize small satellite communication systems. This requires impedance matching networks (MNs) with large impedance transformation ratios within a multiplexer to transform the low antenna resistance of a small antenna to the high optimum load line impedance of a low power RF amplifier. However, large impedance transformation ratios make MNs highly sensitive to unavoidable circuit variations, e.g., tolerances, causing mismatches that degrade performance beyond utility. This article presents a multiplexer design method that permits the predictable correction of such unavoidable impedance mismatches in the realized circuit. This is achieved by isolating each impedance transformation within the multiplexer configuration; this permits independent impedance match corrections that does not alter the remaining multiplexer performance. This condition is generated by introducing a new method to synthesize multiplexer branches by resonating ladder section impedance matching circuits. To validate our multiplexer design methodology, a triplexer circuit for a small tri-band 3U CubeSat antenna was designed, manufactured, and measured. The impedance match of each multiplexer branch was highly sensitive; Monte-Carlo simulation results show that resulting the anticipated variation in amplifier output power exceeds <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.8,$ </tex-math></inline-formula>dB due to the variation in load line impedance. The impedance match of each multiplexer branch was successfully recovered to a realized impedance that yields less than 1 dB variation in transmit power from the target value, and the realized insertion loss was within 2 dB of the simulated insertion loss, confirming the practicability of this methodology.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"364-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3587284
Xin Tian;Luhan Li;Sai Wang;Siyu Gu
Energy infrastructure development is a core component of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative. This study utilizes multisource remote sensing data to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of energy development. The study enhances remote sensing ecological indicators and establishes the improved Remote Sensing Energy Project Ecological Index (EPEI) and a comprehensive evaluation analysis method for ecological and environmental impacts. It conducts a thorough assessment of the ecological and environmental impacts of energy projects along the CPEC. The main findings of the analysis are as follows: there is a correlation between land cover types and ecological and environmental quality; climate change and human activities within the study area have led to ecological and environmental changes in the region; the negative impacts of coal-fired power, hydropower, solar power, and wind power projects within CPEC on the local ecosystems decrease in severity in that order.
{"title":"Ecological Impact Assessment of Energy Projects in China–Pakistan Economic Corridor","authors":"Xin Tian;Luhan Li;Sai Wang;Siyu Gu","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3587284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3587284","url":null,"abstract":"Energy infrastructure development is a core component of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative. This study utilizes multisource remote sensing data to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of energy development. The study enhances remote sensing ecological indicators and establishes the improved Remote Sensing Energy Project Ecological Index (EPEI) and a comprehensive evaluation analysis method for ecological and environmental impacts. It conducts a thorough assessment of the ecological and environmental impacts of energy projects along the CPEC. The main findings of the analysis are as follows: there is a correlation between land cover types and ecological and environmental quality; climate change and human activities within the study area have led to ecological and environmental changes in the region; the negative impacts of coal-fired power, hydropower, solar power, and wind power projects within CPEC on the local ecosystems decrease in severity in that order.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 4","pages":"356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583078
Ju Gao;Zonghui Li;Zhangziyi Jin;Qingwang Wang
Cloaking technology plays a critical role in modern aerospace and defense systems, where reducing the radar cross section (RCS) is essential for achieving invisibility in complex electromagnetic environments. To fulfill the requirements for lightweight and compact designs, high-performance absorbers capable of achieving broadband RCS reduction are indispensable. However, conventional periodic dielectric metamaterial absorbers, despite their lightweight advantages, are inherently constrained by narrow absorption bandwidths, limiting their effectiveness across broad frequency ranges. This study investigates the influence of disorder factors, including permittivity, size, and position, on wave absorption performance in comparison to periodic structures. An innovative design for dielectric metamaterial absorbers employing disordered structures is presented, effectively addressing bandwidth limitations while achieving polarization independence, angular insensitivity, and enhanced broadband absorption. The lightweight and low-profile configuration of the absorber makes it particularly suitable for aerospace applications, offering an advanced solution for cloaking technology and system miniaturization in modern defense systems.
{"title":"Disordered Broadband Dielectric Metamaterial Absorbers for Aerospace Applications","authors":"Ju Gao;Zonghui Li;Zhangziyi Jin;Qingwang Wang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583078","url":null,"abstract":"Cloaking technology plays a critical role in modern aerospace and defense systems, where reducing the radar cross section (RCS) is essential for achieving invisibility in complex electromagnetic environments. To fulfill the requirements for lightweight and compact designs, high-performance absorbers capable of achieving broadband RCS reduction are indispensable. However, conventional periodic dielectric metamaterial absorbers, despite their lightweight advantages, are inherently constrained by narrow absorption bandwidths, limiting their effectiveness across broad frequency ranges. This study investigates the influence of disorder factors, including permittivity, size, and position, on wave absorption performance in comparison to periodic structures. An innovative design for dielectric metamaterial absorbers employing disordered structures is presented, effectively addressing bandwidth limitations while achieving polarization independence, angular insensitivity, and enhanced broadband absorption. The lightweight and low-profile configuration of the absorber makes it particularly suitable for aerospace applications, offering an advanced solution for cloaking technology and system miniaturization in modern defense systems.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 3","pages":"338-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583008
Ju Gao;Zijun Wang;Zhangziyi Jin;Zonghui Li;Qingwang Wang
Audio extraction systems have important applications in the field of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially in the areas of disaster emergency response, environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. However, the large size and high power consumption of existing systems limit their widespread use. In this study, a UAV information acquisition and transmission method based on low-power sensing and 4G remote transmission technology is proposed, aiming to achieve efficient processing and transmission of audio data while meeting the requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption. The system adopts a modular design and achieves low power consumption and efficient data transmission by optimizing the collaborative work between the front-end hardware and the back-end cloud platform. Experimental results show that the system exhibits high stability and significant low power consumption in complex environments (the lowest power consumption is 0.1 mW), while the transmission efficiency is significantly improved over traditional methods (the average rate reaches 4.5 Mb/s). This study provides reliable technical support for the application of UAVs in complex missions.
{"title":"Low-Power Modular UAV Data Acquisition and Transmission System Based on Advanced Compression and 4G Communication","authors":"Ju Gao;Zijun Wang;Zhangziyi Jin;Zonghui Li;Qingwang Wang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3583008","url":null,"abstract":"Audio extraction systems have important applications in the field of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially in the areas of disaster emergency response, environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. However, the large size and high power consumption of existing systems limit their widespread use. In this study, a UAV information acquisition and transmission method based on low-power sensing and 4G remote transmission technology is proposed, aiming to achieve efficient processing and transmission of audio data while meeting the requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption. The system adopts a modular design and achieves low power consumption and efficient data transmission by optimizing the collaborative work between the front-end hardware and the back-end cloud platform. Experimental results show that the system exhibits high stability and significant low power consumption in complex environments (the lowest power consumption is 0.1 mW), while the transmission efficiency is significantly improved over traditional methods (the average rate reaches 4.5 Mb/s). This study provides reliable technical support for the application of UAVs in complex missions.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 3","pages":"329-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2025.3581353
Wei He;Qingjun Zhang;Zhibin Wang;Changjun Zhao
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has emerged as a powerful tool for surface deformation monitoring. Conventional low Earth orbit (LEO) SAR systems are constrained by narrow swath widths and long revisit intervals, limiting their applicability in large-scale and rapid-response scenarios. Although satellite constellations partially address these issues, they introduce increased system complexity and operational costs. In contrast, geosynchronous SAR (GeoSAR) offers significantly shorter revisit intervals, on the order of hours rather than days, and much wider swath coverage, expanding from the hundred-kilometer scale of LEO SAR to the thousand-kilometer scale. These advantages make GeoSAR a promising solution to the limitations of LEO SAR systems. However, its decorrelation characteristics and deformation monitoring performance remain insufficiently understood. This study provides a quantitative analysis of key decorrelation sources, including thermal, spatial, temporal, Doppler centroid, and processing-induced decorrelation, and further evaluates the deformation measurement accuracy of GeoSAR using differential interferometric SAR, persistent scatterer interferometry, and the small baseline subset technique. Results indicate that GeoSAR is less susceptible to spatial decorrelation, and that, given a fixed number of acquisitions and invariant decorrelation conditions, longer revisit intervals can significantly enhance the accuracy of deformation measurements. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of GeoSAR for surface deformation monitoring.
{"title":"Assessment of Decorrelation and Deformation Monitoring Accuracy in Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry","authors":"Wei He;Qingjun Zhang;Zhibin Wang;Changjun Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2025.3581353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2025.3581353","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has emerged as a powerful tool for surface deformation monitoring. Conventional low Earth orbit (LEO) SAR systems are constrained by narrow swath widths and long revisit intervals, limiting their applicability in large-scale and rapid-response scenarios. Although satellite constellations partially address these issues, they introduce increased system complexity and operational costs. In contrast, geosynchronous SAR (GeoSAR) offers significantly shorter revisit intervals, on the order of hours rather than days, and much wider swath coverage, expanding from the hundred-kilometer scale of LEO SAR to the thousand-kilometer scale. These advantages make GeoSAR a promising solution to the limitations of LEO SAR systems. However, its decorrelation characteristics and deformation monitoring performance remain insufficiently understood. This study provides a quantitative analysis of key decorrelation sources, including thermal, spatial, temporal, Doppler centroid, and processing-induced decorrelation, and further evaluates the deformation measurement accuracy of GeoSAR using differential interferometric SAR, persistent scatterer interferometry, and the small baseline subset technique. Results indicate that GeoSAR is less susceptible to spatial decorrelation, and that, given a fixed number of acquisitions and invariant decorrelation conditions, longer revisit intervals can significantly enhance the accuracy of deformation measurements. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of GeoSAR for surface deformation monitoring.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 3","pages":"321-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}