Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3447457
Gazali Bashir;Amit K. Singh;Ankit Dubey
This article introduces a compact wideband beam-switching digital metasurface reflector (MSR) array antenna featuring extreme offset illumination for satellite communications in the Ka band. The MSR comprises phase-modulating subwave length unit cell elements. The unit cell consists of a cross dipole loaded with curved stubs. The arrangement of the stubs across the dipole modulates the phase characteristics of the incident electric field. An MSR composed of $15times 15$ metabits is designed, fabricated, and validated. The metasurface reflectarray is excited by three antipodal Vivaldi antennas with an extreme offset configuration, which effectively mitigates the blockage due to the feeding source. The measured results show highly directive, stable beam-switching characteristics over a broad spectrum ranging from 26 to 32 GHz. A beam steering range of −35° to +35° is obtained along the azimuthal plane, with a maximum measured peak gain of 19.1 dBi at 28.5 GHz and maximum beam-switching loss of 1.5 dBi. A maximum measured aperture efficiency of 35% is obtained, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 20.7%.
{"title":"Beam-Switching Digital Metasurface Reflectarray Antenna With Extreme Offset Illumination for Satellite Communications","authors":"Gazali Bashir;Amit K. Singh;Ankit Dubey","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3447457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3447457","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a compact wideband beam-switching digital metasurface reflector (MSR) array antenna featuring extreme offset illumination for satellite communications in the Ka band. The MSR comprises phase-modulating subwave length unit cell elements. The unit cell consists of a cross dipole loaded with curved stubs. The arrangement of the stubs across the dipole modulates the phase characteristics of the incident electric field. An MSR composed of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$15times 15$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 metabits is designed, fabricated, and validated. The metasurface reflectarray is excited by three antipodal Vivaldi antennas with an extreme offset configuration, which effectively mitigates the blockage due to the feeding source. The measured results show highly directive, stable beam-switching characteristics over a broad spectrum ranging from 26 to 32 GHz. A beam steering range of −35° to +35° is obtained along the azimuthal plane, with a maximum measured peak gain of 19.1 dBi at 28.5 GHz and maximum beam-switching loss of 1.5 dBi. A maximum measured aperture efficiency of 35% is obtained, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 20.7%.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 4","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3445257
Jiawang Li;Yitong Shi;Lei Xiang
This article presents a novel wide stopband suppression millimeter wave (mmWave) filtering antenna (filtenna). A three-order resonance substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) topology structure, including a driven patch and a radiation patch, is applied to enhance the bandwidth. In contrast to traditional stacked patch antennas, this design modifies the driven and radiation patches in different shapes. The full mode SIW (FMSIW) cavity is adopted due to its high-quality (high-Q) factor, which effectively improves the antenna’s selectivity. Besides, the generation of main upper band radiation nulls is attributed to the designed FMSIW cavity. Four parasitic vertical dumbbell structures are added to increase the stopband bandwidth. A pair of U-shape slots are etched on the driven patch to generate a lower band radiation null. A polycyclic structure rather than a single radiation patch can generate another lower band radiation null. To reduce the effect of the antenna element on the ground area and increase the isolation between elements, a via array is added around it, which also slightly enhances the sideband suppression of the antenna in the upper sideband. For verification, a filtenna working for the N258 band (24.25–27.5 GHz) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that a measured −10-dB impedance bandwidth covering from 24.25 to 29.06 GHz is successfully implemented. The average realized gain can reach 5 dBi, and the lower and upper band suppression can reach more than 30 and 19.1 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the upper stopband achieves wide suppression from 30 to 50 GHz. Overall, this filtenna is a competitive candidate for 5G mmWave applications.
{"title":"Compact Wide Upper Stopband Suppression Filtering Antenna for Aerospace Applications","authors":"Jiawang Li;Yitong Shi;Lei Xiang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3445257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3445257","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel wide stopband suppression millimeter wave (mmWave) filtering antenna (filtenna). A three-order resonance substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) topology structure, including a driven patch and a radiation patch, is applied to enhance the bandwidth. In contrast to traditional stacked patch antennas, this design modifies the driven and radiation patches in different shapes. The full mode SIW (FMSIW) cavity is adopted due to its high-quality (high-Q) factor, which effectively improves the antenna’s selectivity. Besides, the generation of main upper band radiation nulls is attributed to the designed FMSIW cavity. Four parasitic vertical dumbbell structures are added to increase the stopband bandwidth. A pair of U-shape slots are etched on the driven patch to generate a lower band radiation null. A polycyclic structure rather than a single radiation patch can generate another lower band radiation null. To reduce the effect of the antenna element on the ground area and increase the isolation between elements, a via array is added around it, which also slightly enhances the sideband suppression of the antenna in the upper sideband. For verification, a filtenna working for the N258 band (24.25–27.5 GHz) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that a measured −10-dB impedance bandwidth covering from 24.25 to 29.06 GHz is successfully implemented. The average realized gain can reach 5 dBi, and the lower and upper band suppression can reach more than 30 and 19.1 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the upper stopband achieves wide suppression from 30 to 50 GHz. Overall, this filtenna is a competitive candidate for 5G mmWave applications.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 4","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3436642
Danyang Wang;Ji Wang;Jinxiu Wang;Jin Liu
Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in various fields in recent years due to their affordability, mobility flexibility, and convenience. However, faced with the emergence of a large number of UAVs, the shortage of spectrum resources has become a key bottleneck that restricts the quality of service and communication efficiency of UAV networks. The cognitive radio (CR) technology can help to solve this spectrum shortage problem through spectrum-sharing technology. In order to make full use of the available spectrum resources, this article proposes a spectrum-sharing scheme based on multiagent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in a scenario where the UAV network and terrestrial network coexist. The spectrum used by the UAVs in this scenario consists of two parts: 1) the dedicated spectrum of the UAV network and 2) the shared spectrum of the terrestrial network. The goal of our work in this article is to maximize the total throughput of the UAV network, with the maximum allowable transmission power of the UAV and the mutual interference between the UAV network and the terrestrial network as constraints. The optimization function is a mixed-integer nonconvex programming problem, DRL algorithms are an effective way to solve this problem. Therefore, we propose a multiagent DRL approach that jointly optimizes UAV signal-to-noise ratio control, power control, and access control (USPA) to effectively address this issue. Finally, by comparing with traditional algorithms, simulation results show that using the USPA algorithm can improve the effectiveness of data transmission in UAV networks.
{"title":"Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive UAV Networks Based on Multiagent Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Danyang Wang;Ji Wang;Jinxiu Wang;Jin Liu","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3436642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3436642","url":null,"abstract":"Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in various fields in recent years due to their affordability, mobility flexibility, and convenience. However, faced with the emergence of a large number of UAVs, the shortage of spectrum resources has become a key bottleneck that restricts the quality of service and communication efficiency of UAV networks. The cognitive radio (CR) technology can help to solve this spectrum shortage problem through spectrum-sharing technology. In order to make full use of the available spectrum resources, this article proposes a spectrum-sharing scheme based on multiagent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in a scenario where the UAV network and terrestrial network coexist. The spectrum used by the UAVs in this scenario consists of two parts: 1) the dedicated spectrum of the UAV network and 2) the shared spectrum of the terrestrial network. The goal of our work in this article is to maximize the total throughput of the UAV network, with the maximum allowable transmission power of the UAV and the mutual interference between the UAV network and the terrestrial network as constraints. The optimization function is a mixed-integer nonconvex programming problem, DRL algorithms are an effective way to solve this problem. Therefore, we propose a multiagent DRL approach that jointly optimizes UAV signal-to-noise ratio control, power control, and access control (USPA) to effectively address this issue. Finally, by comparing with traditional algorithms, simulation results show that using the USPA algorithm can improve the effectiveness of data transmission in UAV networks.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 2","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3429514
Yulong Sun;Guoshen Ding;Yandong Zhao;Renchi Zhang;Wenjun Wang
Due to the increasingly widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the study of flight conflict resolution can effectively avoid the collision of different UAVs. First, describe flight conflict resolution as an optimization problem. Second, the improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA) is proposed. The smell concentration judgment is equal to the coordinate instead of the reciprocal of the distance in order to make the variable accessible to be negative and occur with equal probability in the defined domain. Next, introduce the limited number of searches of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to avoid falling into the local optimum. Meanwhile, generate a direction and distance of the fruit fly individual through roulette. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by computational experiments on 18 benchmark functions and the simulation of the flight conflict resolution of two and four UAVs. The results show that compared with the standard fruit fly optimization algorithm, the IFOA has superior global convergence ability and effectively reduces the delay distance, which has important potential in flight conflict resolution.
{"title":"Flight Conflict Resolution Simulation Study Based on the Improved Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Yulong Sun;Guoshen Ding;Yandong Zhao;Renchi Zhang;Wenjun Wang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3429514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3429514","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasingly widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the study of flight conflict resolution can effectively avoid the collision of different UAVs. First, describe flight conflict resolution as an optimization problem. Second, the improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA) is proposed. The smell concentration judgment is equal to the coordinate instead of the reciprocal of the distance in order to make the variable accessible to be negative and occur with equal probability in the defined domain. Next, introduce the limited number of searches of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to avoid falling into the local optimum. Meanwhile, generate a direction and distance of the fruit fly individual through roulette. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by computational experiments on 18 benchmark functions and the simulation of the flight conflict resolution of two and four UAVs. The results show that compared with the standard fruit fly optimization algorithm, the IFOA has superior global convergence ability and effectively reduces the delay distance, which has important potential in flight conflict resolution.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 3","pages":"200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3420893
Wentao Sun;Zan Li;Jia Shi;Zixuan Bai;Feng Wang;Tony Q. S. Quek
As an aerial base station (BS), uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) has been considered as a promising platform to provide wireless data service in future networks due to its flexible, swift, and low-cost features. However, since the suddenness and randomness of ground users’ (GUs’) data requirements, it is challenging for the UAV BSs to dynamically make decisions to provide real-time data services to GUs. In a multimode UAV-assisted wireless network, we formulate a multiobjective optimization problem to minimize the average peak age of information (APAoI) and energy consumption of UAVs and to maximize the accumulated service data (ASD) for GUs. Therefore, this article proposes the multiagent hybrid twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (MAHTD-DDPG) algorithm with hybrid action space design, which is empowered by the centralized training and distributed execution (CTDE) framework. In the proposed algorithm, the UAVs can cooperatively make decisions by sharing the GU status information, in a result of jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, mode selection, and transmit power. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves 79.6% and 120.4% higher rewards than the multiagent DDPG algorithm and HTD-DDPG algorithm, respectively.
{"title":"MAHTD-DDPG-Based Multiobjective Resource Allocation for UAV-Assisted Wireless Network","authors":"Wentao Sun;Zan Li;Jia Shi;Zixuan Bai;Feng Wang;Tony Q. S. Quek","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3420893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3420893","url":null,"abstract":"As an aerial base station (BS), uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) has been considered as a promising platform to provide wireless data service in future networks due to its flexible, swift, and low-cost features. However, since the suddenness and randomness of ground users’ (GUs’) data requirements, it is challenging for the UAV BSs to dynamically make decisions to provide real-time data services to GUs. In a multimode UAV-assisted wireless network, we formulate a multiobjective optimization problem to minimize the average peak age of information (APAoI) and energy consumption of UAVs and to maximize the accumulated service data (ASD) for GUs. Therefore, this article proposes the multiagent hybrid twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (MAHTD-DDPG) algorithm with hybrid action space design, which is empowered by the centralized training and distributed execution (CTDE) framework. In the proposed algorithm, the UAVs can cooperatively make decisions by sharing the GU status information, in a result of jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, mode selection, and transmit power. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves 79.6% and 120.4% higher rewards than the multiagent DDPG algorithm and HTD-DDPG algorithm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"6 2","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3389097
Curtis Manore;Alan J. Fenn;Hanumant Singh
In suboptimal environments for satellite reception, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) can navigate to a higher vantage point to receive better quality satellite broadcasts. Small UAS platforms are constrained by weight and size, making VHF antenna implementation difficult for satellite reception onboard a UAS. This research designs, simulates, and implements a small form factor V-dipole antenna with matching circuit and low-noise amplifiers to receive high-quality National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite imagery and weather data from a custom DJI Matrice 100 UAS platform. A software-defined radio was used to filter and demodulate VHF satellite signals, and an Nvidia TX2-embedded computer processed the satellite images onboard the UAS. Performance was evaluated by the quality of the image reception and practicality of the antenna design in flight.
在卫星接收不理想的环境中，无人机系统（UAS）可以导航到更高的有利位置，以接收质量更好的卫星广播。小型无人机系统平台受到重量和尺寸的限制，因此很难在无人机系统上实施甚高频天线来接收卫星。本研究设计、模拟并实现了一种小型 V 型偶极子天线，该天线配有匹配电路和低噪声放大器，可从定制的大疆 Matrice 100 无人机系统平台接收高质量的美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）卫星图像和气象数据。软件定义无线电用于过滤和解调甚高频卫星信号，Nvidia TX2-嵌入式计算机在无人机系统上处理卫星图像。通过图像接收质量和飞行中天线设计的实用性对性能进行了评估。
{"title":"Design of Active V-Dipole Antenna on UAS for Receiving NOAA Polar Satellite Imagery","authors":"Curtis Manore;Alan J. Fenn;Hanumant Singh","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3389097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3389097","url":null,"abstract":"In suboptimal environments for satellite reception, an unmanned aerial system (UAS) can navigate to a higher vantage point to receive better quality satellite broadcasts. Small UAS platforms are constrained by weight and size, making VHF antenna implementation difficult for satellite reception onboard a UAS. This research designs, simulates, and implements a small form factor V-dipole antenna with matching circuit and low-noise amplifiers to receive high-quality National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite imagery and weather data from a custom DJI Matrice 100 UAS platform. A software-defined radio was used to filter and demodulate VHF satellite signals, and an Nvidia TX2-embedded computer processed the satellite images onboard the UAS. Performance was evaluated by the quality of the image reception and practicality of the antenna design in flight.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 3","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3385699
Suchitra Tiwari;Amit K. Singh;Ankit Dubey
A highly efficient low-profile binary metasurface lens (BMSL) antenna is designed and developed to achieve wide-angle beamsteering at the millimeter-wave band of fifth-generation (5G) aerospace communication systems. First, a subwavelength-sized phase-shift element (meta-element) with a crossed-arrow geometry having two-line symmetry structure is designed possessing special characteristics of insensitivity to polarization as well as the oblique angle of incidence, wide-band transmission, and compactness. Further, 1-bit quantized radial phase-graded metasurface lens is designed by arranging the proposed elements in $19times19$ array resulting in an aperture area of $33.6~lambda _{0}^{2}$ . To realize beamsteering along 0°, ±15°, ±30°, ±45°, and ±60°, BMSLs with distinct phase-quantization are designed and spatially fed through antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) which acts as a primary feed source positioned at optimum focal point thereby radiating highly concentrated beams in the intended directions. The complete BMSL antenna system is then fabricated and characterized in an ideal free-space environment achieving a measured peak gain of up to 20.8 dBi in broadside direction and 1.6 dB of maximum scan loss for ±60° steering. The proposed BMSL antenna achieves an aperture efficiency of 28.4 % at 28 GHz and a −3-dB gain bandwidth of 16.5 %. Thus, the proposed BMSL antenna is a promising contender for facilitating terrestrial (air) as well as nonterrestrial (space) communication links between low-Earth orbit satellites and 5G base stations.
{"title":"Wide-Band Wide-Angle Beamsteerable Meta-Lens Antenna for Terrestrial/Nonterrestrial 5G Communication Systems","authors":"Suchitra Tiwari;Amit K. Singh;Ankit Dubey","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3385699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3385699","url":null,"abstract":"A highly efficient low-profile binary metasurface lens (BMSL) antenna is designed and developed to achieve wide-angle beamsteering at the millimeter-wave band of fifth-generation (5G) aerospace communication systems. First, a subwavelength-sized phase-shift element (meta-element) with a crossed-arrow geometry having two-line symmetry structure is designed possessing special characteristics of insensitivity to polarization as well as the oblique angle of incidence, wide-band transmission, and compactness. Further, 1-bit quantized radial phase-graded metasurface lens is designed by arranging the proposed elements in \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$19times19$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 array resulting in an aperture area of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$33.6~lambda _{0}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. To realize beamsteering along 0°, ±15°, ±30°, ±45°, and ±60°, BMSLs with distinct phase-quantization are designed and spatially fed through antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) which acts as a primary feed source positioned at optimum focal point thereby radiating highly concentrated beams in the intended directions. The complete BMSL antenna system is then fabricated and characterized in an ideal free-space environment achieving a measured peak gain of up to 20.8 dBi in broadside direction and 1.6 dB of maximum scan loss for ±60° steering. The proposed BMSL antenna achieves an aperture efficiency of 28.4 % at 28 GHz and a −3-dB gain bandwidth of 16.5 %. Thus, the proposed BMSL antenna is a promising contender for facilitating terrestrial (air) as well as nonterrestrial (space) communication links between low-Earth orbit satellites and 5G base stations.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 2","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multibaseline phase unwrapping (MBPU) is a key procedure of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). However, phase noise is a factor still challenging the MBPU accuracy. This article presents a refined pure integer programming (RPIP)-based MBPU method. In this method, a new parameter is introduced through considering the statistical information of the interferometric phase, which is adopted to improve the tolerance of phase noise. We also provide an effective path for searching of the ambiguity set. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with the PIP method, unwrapping errors of the RPIP method is reduced by 60%.
{"title":"Multibaseline Phase Unwrapping With a Refined Parametric Pure Integer Programming for Noise Suppression","authors":"Jiawei Yue;Qihuan Huang;Hui Liu;Ziqi He;Hanwen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3385026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3385026","url":null,"abstract":"Multibaseline phase unwrapping (MBPU) is a key procedure of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). However, phase noise is a factor still challenging the MBPU accuracy. This article presents a refined pure integer programming (RPIP)-based MBPU method. In this method, a new parameter is introduced through considering the statistical information of the interferometric phase, which is adopted to improve the tolerance of phase noise. We also provide an effective path for searching of the ambiguity set. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with the PIP method, unwrapping errors of the RPIP method is reduced by 60%.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10492469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3406783
Bin Gao;Anna Song;Hanwen Xu;Zenan Zhang;Wenhui Lian;Lei Yang
Low-rank matrix decomposition is effective for sparse recovery. However, the conventions are limited in accuracy for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery due to the shrinkage effect in the cost function, which leads to biased estimates. To this end, an enhanced-low rank matrix decomposition (E-LRMD) SAR imaging algorithm is proposed, which employs a factor group-sparse regularization (FGSR) to approximate the intended cost function, so that the low-rank features can be represented. Since, the constructed regularization function is factorized, the singular value decomposition is avoided, and the computational burden can be reduced accordingly. Furthermore, $ell _{1}$ -norm is incorporated to encode the sparse feature. To incorporate with the enhancement of multiple features, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework is utilized. Therefore, both the low-rank and sparse features can be accurately recovered and enhanced, cooperatively, where the error propagation between the enhancement of multiple features is minimized. In the experiments, the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm are verified by the simulated data and practical UAV-SAR data, respectively. Also, a phase transition diagram (PTD) experiment is carried out to analyse the advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of quantitative aspects compared with the conventional methods.
{"title":"Enhanced Low-Rank Matrix Decomposition for High-Resolution UAV-SAR Imagery","authors":"Bin Gao;Anna Song;Hanwen Xu;Zenan Zhang;Wenhui Lian;Lei Yang","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3406783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3406783","url":null,"abstract":"Low-rank matrix decomposition is effective for sparse recovery. However, the conventions are limited in accuracy for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery due to the shrinkage effect in the cost function, which leads to biased estimates. To this end, an enhanced-low rank matrix decomposition (E-LRMD) SAR imaging algorithm is proposed, which employs a factor group-sparse regularization (FGSR) to approximate the intended cost function, so that the low-rank features can be represented. Since, the constructed regularization function is factorized, the singular value decomposition is avoided, and the computational burden can be reduced accordingly. Furthermore, \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-norm is incorporated to encode the sparse feature. To incorporate with the enhancement of multiple features, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework is utilized. Therefore, both the low-rank and sparse features can be accurately recovered and enhanced, cooperatively, where the error propagation between the enhancement of multiple features is minimized. In the experiments, the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm are verified by the simulated data and practical UAV-SAR data, respectively. Also, a phase transition diagram (PTD) experiment is carried out to analyse the advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of quantitative aspects compared with the conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 3","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terahertz (THz) radar imaging has been getting a lot more attention in recent years because it has a faster frame rate and better resolution. However, nonlinear phase errors resulting from the immaturity and instability of THz devices inevitably affect the transmitted signal of THz radar imaging systems, causing the range image to blur. In this work, we present an adaptive correction approach for improving the imaging quality of THz radar by the elimination of nonlinear phase error. First, the nonparametric model is created with high accuracy; this model accounts for nonlinear phase errors introduced by the signal source and other broadband hardware devices like the frequency multiplier. After that, the suggested technique employs nonlinear phase error estimates and compensation by iterative optimization, with the picture contrast of multiple pulse compression serving as the evaluation criterion. The proposed method has been validated through the use of both synthetic data and field data gathered with a 0.22-THz airborne synthetic aperture radar equipment. The experimental results further highlight the suggested method’s high robustness, low computational cost, and several potential uses.
{"title":"An Adaptive Nonlinear Phase Error Estimation and Compensation Method for Terahertz Radar Imaging System","authors":"Mengyang Zhan;Jiawei Wu;Yinwei Li;Gang Xu;Yiming Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JMASS.2024.3382942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMASS.2024.3382942","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) radar imaging has been getting a lot more attention in recent years because it has a faster frame rate and better resolution. However, nonlinear phase errors resulting from the immaturity and instability of THz devices inevitably affect the transmitted signal of THz radar imaging systems, causing the range image to blur. In this work, we present an adaptive correction approach for improving the imaging quality of THz radar by the elimination of nonlinear phase error. First, the nonparametric model is created with high accuracy; this model accounts for nonlinear phase errors introduced by the signal source and other broadband hardware devices like the frequency multiplier. After that, the suggested technique employs nonlinear phase error estimates and compensation by iterative optimization, with the picture contrast of multiple pulse compression serving as the evaluation criterion. The proposed method has been validated through the use of both synthetic data and field data gathered with a 0.22-THz airborne synthetic aperture radar equipment. The experimental results further highlight the suggested method’s high robustness, low computational cost, and several potential uses.","PeriodicalId":100624,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems","volume":"5 2","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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