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Enhanced Low-Rank Matrix Decomposition for High-Resolution UAV-SAR Imagery 用于高分辨率无人机-合成孔径雷达成像的增强型低阶矩阵分解
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3406783
Bin Gao;Anna Song;Hanwen Xu;Zenan Zhang;Wenhui Lian;Lei Yang
Low-rank matrix decomposition is effective for sparse recovery. However, the conventions are limited in accuracy for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery due to the shrinkage effect in the cost function, which leads to biased estimates. To this end, an enhanced-low rank matrix decomposition (E-LRMD) SAR imaging algorithm is proposed, which employs a factor group-sparse regularization (FGSR) to approximate the intended cost function, so that the low-rank features can be represented. Since, the constructed regularization function is factorized, the singular value decomposition is avoided, and the computational burden can be reduced accordingly. Furthermore, $ell _{1}$ -norm is incorporated to encode the sparse feature. To incorporate with the enhancement of multiple features, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework is utilized. Therefore, both the low-rank and sparse features can be accurately recovered and enhanced, cooperatively, where the error propagation between the enhancement of multiple features is minimized. In the experiments, the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm are verified by the simulated data and practical UAV-SAR data, respectively. Also, a phase transition diagram (PTD) experiment is carried out to analyse the advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of quantitative aspects compared with the conventional methods.
低秩矩阵分解对稀疏恢复很有效。然而,对于高分辨率合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像来说,由于成本函数的收缩效应,这些约定的精确度有限,从而导致估计值有偏差。为此,我们提出了一种增强型低秩矩阵分解(E-LRMD)合成孔径雷达成像算法,该算法采用因子群稀疏正则化(FGSR)来近似预定的代价函数,从而可以表示低秩特征。由于构建的正则化函数是因子化的,因此避免了奇异值分解,计算负担也相应减轻。此外,$ell _{1}$-norm还被用来对稀疏特征进行编码。为了结合多个特征的增强,利用了交替方向乘法(ADMM)框架。因此,低秩特征和稀疏特征都能被精确地恢复和增强,并在增强多个特征时将误差传播降至最低。在实验中,该算法的有效性和鲁棒性分别通过模拟数据和实际的无人机-合成孔径雷达数据得到了验证。此外,还进行了相变图(PTD)实验,从定量方面分析了所提算法与传统方法相比的优势。
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Nonlinear Phase Error Estimation and Compensation Method for Terahertz Radar Imaging System 太赫兹雷达成像系统的自适应非线性相位误差估计与补偿方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3382942
Mengyang Zhan;Jiawei Wu;Yinwei Li;Gang Xu;Yiming Zhu
Terahertz (THz) radar imaging has been getting a lot more attention in recent years because it has a faster frame rate and better resolution. However, nonlinear phase errors resulting from the immaturity and instability of THz devices inevitably affect the transmitted signal of THz radar imaging systems, causing the range image to blur. In this work, we present an adaptive correction approach for improving the imaging quality of THz radar by the elimination of nonlinear phase error. First, the nonparametric model is created with high accuracy; this model accounts for nonlinear phase errors introduced by the signal source and other broadband hardware devices like the frequency multiplier. After that, the suggested technique employs nonlinear phase error estimates and compensation by iterative optimization, with the picture contrast of multiple pulse compression serving as the evaluation criterion. The proposed method has been validated through the use of both synthetic data and field data gathered with a 0.22-THz airborne synthetic aperture radar equipment. The experimental results further highlight the suggested method’s high robustness, low computational cost, and several potential uses.
太赫兹(THz)雷达成像具有更快的帧频和更高的分辨率,因此近年来受到越来越多的关注。然而,由于太赫兹器件的不成熟和不稳定所产生的非线性相位误差不可避免地会影响太赫兹雷达成像系统的传输信号,导致测距图像模糊。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种通过消除非线性相位误差来提高太赫兹雷达成像质量的自适应校正方法。首先,我们创建了高精度的非参数模型;该模型考虑了信号源和其他宽带硬件设备(如频率倍增器)引入的非线性相位误差。然后,建议的技术采用非线性相位误差估算,并通过迭代优化进行补偿,将多脉冲压缩的图像对比度作为评估标准。通过使用 0.22-THz 机载合成孔径雷达设备收集的合成数据和现场数据,对所提出的方法进行了验证。实验结果进一步凸显了所建议方法的高鲁棒性、低计算成本和多种潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
Mining-Related Subsidence Measurements Using a Robust Multitemporal InSAR Method and Logistic Model 利用稳健的多时相 InSAR 方法和 Logistic 模型测量采矿相关的沉降量
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3381788
Peifeng Ma;Chang Yu;Zherong Wu;Zhanze Wang;Jiehong Chen
Ground subsidence is a representative geohazard in mining areas that threatens human safety and infrastructure. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) was used to measure ground subsidence related to mining activities. However, mining areas are often subjected to severe temporal and geometric decorrelation problems, resulting in sparse persistent scatterers (PSs) and lower measurement accuracy. To improve deformation measurements, a robust multitemporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) method that jointly detects PS and distributed scatterers (DSs) in a two-tier network was utilized here. To solve the mismatch in the traditional linear velocity model, a logistic model was introduced for MT-InSAR processing. Forty-four Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2021 were used to measure ground subsidence in Zhoutaizi Village, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China, which endured geohazards induced and exacerbated by mining activities. We observed that more measurement points were produced using the logistic model (11 607) compared with the constant velocity model (10 980) in the mining areas with an increase of 5.7%, while the mean value of the standard deviation of the estimated residuals reduced from 1.45 to 1.13 with a decrease of 22%. Results are beneficial for geohazard assessment and management in mining areas.
地面沉降是矿区具有代表性的地质灾害,威胁着人类安全和基础设施。干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)被用来测量与采矿活动有关的地面沉降。然而,矿区往往存在严重的时间和几何相关性问题,导致持久散射体(PS)稀疏,测量精度较低。为了改进形变测量,本文采用了一种稳健的多时空 InSAR(MT-InSAR)方法,在两层网络中联合探测持久散射体和分布式散射体(DSs)。为了解决传统线性速度模型中的不匹配问题,在 MT-InSAR 处理中引入了逻辑模型。我们利用在 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 6 月 30 日期间获取的 44 幅 Sentinel-1A SAR 图像测量了中国河北省承德市周台子村的地面沉降情况,该地区因采矿活动诱发和加剧了地质灾害。我们观察到,在采矿区,使用逻辑模型(11 607 个)与恒速模型(10 980 个)相比,产生了更多的测量点,增加了 5.7%,而估计残差的标准偏差均值从 1.45 降至 1.13,减少了 22%。这些结果有利于矿区地质灾害的评估和管理。
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引用次数: 0
A Complex-Valued PolSAR Image Segmentation Network With Lovász-Softmax Loss Optimization 具有 Lovász-Softmax 损失优化功能的复值 PolSAR 图像分割网络
Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3381974
Rui Guo;Xiaopeng Zhao;Liang Guo;Ruiqi Xu;Yi Liang
In recent years, complex-valued convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image segmentation by utilizing both amplitude and phase information in PolSAR data. This article introduces a complex-valued network for PolSAR image segmentation termed as complex-valued Lovász-softmax loss optimization synthetic aperture radar network (CV-LoSARNet), which is in fact a complex-valued Lovász-softmax loss optimization framework. The bilateral structure of CV-LoSARNet provides efficient feature extraction, while the complex-valued network adapting to PolSAR data can improve feature extraction capabilities. The introduced loss function combines both the Lovász-softmax loss and cross-entropy loss, which can improve the optimization objective of the segmentation. Comparative experiments conducted on E-SAR data and AIRSAR data demonstrate the superiority of the proposed network over the classical full CNN and the classic bilateral networks. Compared with the classic bilateral network, the CV-LoSARNet has improved the mean intersection over union and mean pixel accuracy of E-SAR data sets by 2.37% and 2.29%, for AIRSAR data sets, the improvement is 12.95% and 6.70%. Moreover, the segmentation performance of the proposed network on different polarimetric modes is discussed.
近年来,复值卷积神经网络(CNN)通过利用 PolSAR 数据中的振幅和相位信息,成为极坐标合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像分割的一种有前途的方法。本文介绍了一种用于 PolSAR 图像分割的复值网络,称为复值 Lovász-softmax 损失优化合成孔径雷达网络(CV-LoSARNet),它实际上是一个复值 Lovász-softmax 损失优化框架。CV-LoSARNet 的双边结构可提供高效的特征提取,而适应 PolSAR 数据的复值网络则可提高特征提取能力。引入的损失函数结合了 Lovász-softmax 损失和交叉熵损失,可以改善分割的优化目标。在 E-SAR 数据和 AIRSAR 数据上进行的对比实验证明,所提出的网络优于经典的全 CNN 和经典的双边网络。与经典的双边网络相比,CV-LoSARNet 在 E-SAR 数据集的平均交集大于联合度和平均像素精度上分别提高了 2.37% 和 2.29%,在 AIRSAR 数据集上则分别提高了 12.95% 和 6.70%。此外,还讨论了拟议网络在不同极坐标模式下的分割性能。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems Special Issue on Network Intelligence for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 电气和电子工程师学会《航空航天系统微型化期刊》无人驾驶飞行器网络智能特刊
Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3397068
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引用次数: 0
The Journal of Miniaturized Air and Space Systems 微型化航空航天系统杂志
Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3397026
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引用次数: 0
Attitude Determination and Control in Small Satellites: A Review 小型卫星的姿态确定与控制:综述
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3402984
Mariana Londoño Orozco;Belarmino Segura Giraldo
Small satellites are becoming a significant part of the space industry and educational field. Small satellite development has increased significantly during the past decades due to their low-cost development and construction facility. One of the essential parts of a satellite is the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) which dictates and controls the orientation of the satellite in space and makes the control maneuver. Still, it is also one of the systems that present more issues and that can cause a mission failure. For developing an ADCS, simulation and testing are important before implementation. This article reviews the approaches for small satellite dynamics, types of control that can be implemented in small satellites, and the devices that can be used in the ADCS, mentioning the advantages and disadvantages. Explanations about classical and modern control algorithms that are currently used for small satellites are presented to show the latest advances in the field.
小型卫星正在成为航天工业和教育领域的重要组成部分。由于小型卫星的开发和建造成本低,在过去几十年中,小型卫星的开发量大幅增加。卫星的重要组成部分之一是姿态确定和控制系统(ADCS),它决定和控制卫星在太空中的方向,并进行控制操作。不过,它也是问题较多、可能导致任务失败的系统之一。在开发 ADCS 之前,模拟和测试非常重要。本文回顾了小型卫星动力学方法、可在小型卫星上实施的控制类型以及可用于 ADCS 的设备,并提到了其优缺点。文章还解释了目前用于小型卫星的经典和现代控制算法,以展示该领域的最新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Decision-Making Method of Multi-UAV Cooperate Air Combat Under Uncertain Environment 不确定环境下多无人机协同空战的决策方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3378726
Jialong Jian;Yong Chen;Qiuni Li;Hongbo Li;Xiaokang Zheng;Chongchong Han
Multi-UAV cooperative air combat has attracted wide attention from relative scholars. However, the decision-making problem of UAV swarm confrontation under uncertain conditions makes it more difficult. In this article, a two-layer decision-making method, containing dynamic target assignment and distributed Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS), is proposed to address this issue. Additionally, the possibility degree function method of interval gray number is combined with a genetic algorithm to deal with uncertain information in an air combat environment. Specifically, considering the actual air combat scene, the target value factor is introduced in the target allocation process, and the dynamic target allocation mechanism is established to adjust the cluster combat strategy in real time. The experiments show that the proposed two-level decision-making method can effectively deal with the swarm air combat problem under uncertain environments. First, the improved genetic algorithm can solve the problem of target allocation in an uncertain environment and give the target allocation scheme in the current state. Moreover, the establishment of the dynamic target allocation mechanism makes the cooperative behavior of UAVs emerge in the swarm, which fully reflects the adversarial air combat.
多无人机协同空战已引起相关学者的广泛关注。然而,不确定条件下的无人机群对抗决策问题难度较大。本文针对这一问题,提出了一种包含动态目标分配和分布式蒙特卡洛树搜索(MCTS)的双层决策方法。此外,还将区间灰度数的可能性度函数方法与遗传算法相结合,以处理空战环境中的不确定信息。具体来说,考虑到实际空战场景,在目标分配过程中引入目标值因素,建立动态目标分配机制,实时调整集群作战策略。实验表明,所提出的两级决策方法能有效处理不确定环境下的蜂群空战问题。首先,改进的遗传算法可以解决不确定环境下的目标分配问题,并给出当前状态下的目标分配方案。此外,动态目标分配机制的建立使得无人机群中出现了合作行为,充分体现了对抗性空战的特点。
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引用次数: 0
A Classification Method for Marine Surface Floating Small Targets and Ship Targets 海面漂浮小目标和舰船目标的分类方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3372116
Hengli Yu;Zheng Cao;Guoqing Wang;Hao Ding;Ningbo Liu;Yunlong Dong
Feature-based target detection methods are predominantly used to determine the presence or absence of detection targets under sea clutter conditions, but they exhibit a deficiency in making nuanced classification judgments for the different categories of detected targets. Both ship targets and marine surface floating small objects display specific sea clutter characteristics to various degrees. Given the periodic consistency of transient power and the Doppler centroid bandwidth observed in sea clutter, this article examines the manifestation level of this characteristic in both categories of targets, drawing on their respective motion mechanisms. The ability to distinguish between these two categories of targets using this characteristic has been validated through the analysis of empirical data, subsequently leading to the formulation of discriminant statistics that facilitate target classification. The data confirm the effectiveness of this approach, illustrating its robust classification performance.
基于特征的目标检测方法主要用于确定海面杂波条件下检测目标的存在与否,但在对不同类别的检测目标进行细微分类判断方面存在不足。船舶目标和海面漂浮小物体都在不同程度上显示出特定的海杂波特征。鉴于在海杂波中观察到的瞬态功率和多普勒中心带宽的周期一致性,本文借鉴两类目标各自的运动机制,研究了这一特征在两类目标中的表现程度。通过分析经验数据,验证了利用这一特征区分这两类目标的能力,随后提出了有助于目标分类的判别统计方法。数据证实了这一方法的有效性,显示了其强大的分类性能。
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引用次数: 0
Discrete-Time Estimation/Approximation-Avoidance Control With Prescribed Performance 具有规定性能的离散时间估计/近似-规避控制
Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.1109/JMASS.2024.3396519
Xiangwei Bu;Ruining Luo;Humin Lei
We address the problem of tracking control for uncertain discrete-time systems with unknown and unavailable plant dynamics, aiming to achieve prescribed performance within a preset convergence time for tracking errors. Our proposed control protocol is independent of the knowledge of system dynamics or the utilization of approximators/estimators. Instead, we employ transformed errors to develop novel nonlinear functions for control feedback. Consequently, we establish a new estimation/approximation-free indirect stabilization framework that serves as a standard paradigm for discrete-time prescribed performance control synthesis. Finally, simulation results applied to the missile seeker stabilized platform demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
我们解决了具有未知和不可用植物动态的不确定离散时间系统的跟踪控制问题,目的是在跟踪误差的预设收敛时间内达到规定的性能。我们提出的控制协议与系统动力学知识或近似值/估计值的使用无关。相反,我们利用转换误差来开发用于控制反馈的新型非线性函数。因此,我们建立了一个新的无估计/近似间接稳定框架,可作为离散时间规定性能控制合成的标准范例。最后,应用于导弹寻的稳定平台的仿真结果证明了我们方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems
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