Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3598640
Umer Amir Khan
High-voltage insulators play a critical role in ensuring the reliability of power transmission systems by preventing flashover under severe environmental conditions. Traditional monitoring techniques rely on visual inspection or static classification schemes, which often fail to capture the progressive nature of surface discharge activity leading to flashover. This article presents a novel machine learning framework that addresses this limitation by classifying leakage current signals into five distinct operational stages: negligible leakage current, leakage current starting, leading to flashover, preflashover, and flashover. This multistage classification approach enables more accurate early warning of impending flashover by identifying subtle changes in leakage current behavior that precede catastrophic insulation failure. Controlled contamination experiments were conducted using porcelain insulators under varying environmental stressors and leakage current data was systematically acquired, segmented, and labeled based on amplitude variations, harmonic distortion, and dry band arcing characteristics. The proposed model, based on inception modules with residual connections, effectively captures multiscale temporal patterns in leakage current signals. Furthermore, posttraining quantization was applied to compress the model for edge deployment, achieving a 91.4% reduction in model size and a 90% decrease in inference time with negligible accuracy loss. Comparative evaluation against conventional neural networks and state-of-the-art ML architectures demonstrated the superior classification accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency of the proposed framework. This architecture not only facilitates early detection of flashover stages but also enables low-latency, low-power deployment on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded systems, in remote substations.
{"title":"Toward Real-Time Monitoring of High-Voltage Insulators: Progressive Flashover Classification Using Quantized Deep Learning","authors":"Umer Amir Khan","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3598640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3598640","url":null,"abstract":"High-voltage insulators play a critical role in ensuring the reliability of power transmission systems by preventing flashover under severe environmental conditions. Traditional monitoring techniques rely on visual inspection or static classification schemes, which often fail to capture the progressive nature of surface discharge activity leading to flashover. This article presents a novel machine learning framework that addresses this limitation by classifying leakage current signals into five distinct operational stages: negligible leakage current, leakage current starting, leading to flashover, preflashover, and flashover. This multistage classification approach enables more accurate early warning of impending flashover by identifying subtle changes in leakage current behavior that precede catastrophic insulation failure. Controlled contamination experiments were conducted using porcelain insulators under varying environmental stressors and leakage current data was systematically acquired, segmented, and labeled based on amplitude variations, harmonic distortion, and dry band arcing characteristics. The proposed model, based on inception modules with residual connections, effectively captures multiscale temporal patterns in leakage current signals. Furthermore, posttraining quantization was applied to compress the model for edge deployment, achieving a 91.4% reduction in model size and a 90% decrease in inference time with negligible accuracy loss. Comparative evaluation against conventional neural networks and state-of-the-art ML architectures demonstrated the superior classification accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency of the proposed framework. This architecture not only facilitates early detection of flashover stages but also enables low-latency, low-power deployment on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded systems, in remote substations.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"630-646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11123745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3591740
Zahra Masoumi;Bijan Moaveni
This article presents a data-driven approach for diagnosing interturn short-circuit (ITSC) faults in the field winding of synchronous generators (SGs). A notable advantage of this method is its independence from the load’s linearity or nonlinearity. The method’s foundation is derived from analyzing the impact of ITSC faults on the state-space model of an SG, utilizing the SG equations in the dq rotor reference frame. Based on the state-space model, subspace identification and input–output data, including voltages and currents, are used to estimate the eigenvalues of the state matrix. The detection, isolation, and estimation of faults are achieved through the estimated eigenvalues, without relying on the model. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this data-driven fault diagnosis methodology.
{"title":"Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis Approach for Synchronous Generators","authors":"Zahra Masoumi;Bijan Moaveni","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3591740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3591740","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a data-driven approach for diagnosing interturn short-circuit (ITSC) faults in the field winding of synchronous generators (SGs). A notable advantage of this method is its independence from the load’s linearity or nonlinearity. The method’s foundation is derived from analyzing the impact of ITSC faults on the state-space model of an SG, utilizing the SG equations in the <italic>dq</i> rotor reference frame. Based on the state-space model, subspace identification and input–output data, including voltages and currents, are used to estimate the eigenvalues of the state matrix. The detection, isolation, and estimation of faults are achieved through the estimated eigenvalues, without relying on the model. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this data-driven fault diagnosis methodology.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"593-602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11121658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrically excited synchronous machines (EESMs) have historically been used as efficient and reliable synchronous generators. However, the actual need for cost-effective, sustainable motors without rare-earth magnets has notably increased the interest in EESMs, which are considered a valid replacement for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in electrified powertrains. As the electrical machines employed in automotive applications exhibit deep magnetic saturation, the EESM introduces significant challenges in properly modeling the magnetic behavior, especially considering the cross-coupling effects between stator and rotor. EESM-based electrical drive development requires accurate circuital models to predict EESM behavior. Therefore, this article proposes a novel voltage-behind-reactance (VBR) model based on flux maps provided by finite element analysis (FEA) or experimental identification procedures. The proposed VBR model has been validated in simulation and experimentally on a commercial 100 kW EESM currently used on the Renault Zoe EV R135, demonstrating its potential for accurately modeling EESMs designed for traction applications.
电激励同步电机（eesm）历来被用作高效可靠的同步发电机。然而，对经济高效、可持续的无稀土磁铁电机的实际需求显著增加了对eesm的兴趣，eesm被认为是电气化动力系统中永磁同步电机（pmsm）的有效替代品。由于汽车应用中使用的电机表现出深度磁饱和，EESM在正确建模磁行为方面引入了重大挑战，特别是考虑到定子和转子之间的交叉耦合效应。基于EESM的电气驱动开发需要精确的电路模型来预测EESM的行为。因此，本文提出了一种基于有限元分析（FEA）或实验识别程序提供的磁通图的新型电抗电压（VBR）模型。该VBR模型已在雷诺Zoe EV R135上使用的100 kW商用EESM上进行了仿真和实验验证，证明了其在为牵引应用设计的EESM精确建模方面的潜力。
{"title":"High-Fidelity Voltage-Behind-Reactance Model of Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines Using Flux Maps","authors":"Alessandro Ionta;Sandro Rubino;Federica Graffeo;Radu Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3597812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3597812","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically excited synchronous machines (EESMs) have historically been used as efficient and reliable synchronous generators. However, the actual need for cost-effective, sustainable motors without rare-earth magnets has notably increased the interest in EESMs, which are considered a valid replacement for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in electrified powertrains. As the electrical machines employed in automotive applications exhibit deep magnetic saturation, the EESM introduces significant challenges in properly modeling the magnetic behavior, especially considering the cross-coupling effects between stator and rotor. EESM-based electrical drive development requires accurate circuital models to predict EESM behavior. Therefore, this article proposes a novel voltage-behind-reactance (VBR) model based on flux maps provided by finite element analysis (FEA) or experimental identification procedures. The proposed VBR model has been validated in simulation and experimentally on a commercial 100 kW EESM currently used on the Renault Zoe EV R135, demonstrating its potential for accurately modeling EESMs designed for traction applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"603-618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11122645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional high-speed rotor configurations employing magnetic bearing technology, which typically integrates two radial bearings and one axial bearing to suspend the rotor, are sensitive to changes in impeller mass properties. This article focuses on modular magnetically levitated rotor technology, which enables drivelines with two or more impellers and three or more radial active magnetic bearings (AMBs). This configuration ensures the reliability and robustness of the rotordynamic behavior by providing a structure that enables adaptable integration of components, such as compressors and turbines, onto the same long high-speed shaft. The structure considered here includes a 2-MW, 12 000 r/min induction machine with three radial magnetic bearings and a rotor system where the impeller is installed on a separate shaft and connected to the motor drive with a flexible coupling. The main focus of this article is on the proof-of-concept testing and commissioning of such a technology, with particular attention given to modeling and control aspects. An $H_{infty }$ loop-shaping approach is adopted for model-based control design, using a model that incorporates two flexible modes and adaptive notch structures to eliminate speed-synchronous components from the feedback signal. The AMB–rotor system modeling is validated through system identification routines. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modular technology provides improvements in rotordynamics despite the increased complexity of the system and control.
{"title":"Commissioning of a Modular Active-Magnetic-Bearing-Suspended Rotor System","authors":"Atte Putkonen;Juuso Narsakka;Gyan Ranjan;Tuomo Lindh;Jussi Sopanen;Niko Nevaranta","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3596973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3596973","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional high-speed rotor configurations employing magnetic bearing technology, which typically integrates two radial bearings and one axial bearing to suspend the rotor, are sensitive to changes in impeller mass properties. This article focuses on modular magnetically levitated rotor technology, which enables drivelines with two or more impellers and three or more radial active magnetic bearings (AMBs). This configuration ensures the reliability and robustness of the rotordynamic behavior by providing a structure that enables adaptable integration of components, such as compressors and turbines, onto the same long high-speed shaft. The structure considered here includes a 2-MW, 12 000 r/min induction machine with three radial magnetic bearings and a rotor system where the impeller is installed on a separate shaft and connected to the motor drive with a flexible coupling. The main focus of this article is on the proof-of-concept testing and commissioning of such a technology, with particular attention given to modeling and control aspects. An <inline-formula><tex-math>$H_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> loop-shaping approach is adopted for model-based control design, using a model that incorporates two flexible modes and adaptive notch structures to eliminate speed-synchronous components from the feedback signal. The AMB–rotor system modeling is validated through system identification routines. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modular technology provides improvements in rotordynamics despite the increased complexity of the system and control.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"619-629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11120452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unscheduled event handling capability and swift recovery from transient events are indispensable study areas to ensure reliability in offshore multiterminal high-voltage dc (MT-HVdc) grids. This article focuses on enhancing the reliability of half-bridge modular multilevel converters (HB-MMCs) in MT-HVdc grids by introducing a predictive dc fault ride-through (DC-FRT) recovery controller and fault separation devices. A novel dc protection-informed zonal DC-FRT scheme for HB-MMCs is proposed, incorporating a model predictive planner for optimized control inputs based on local and interstation measurements and converter constraints. A real-time digital simulator environment simulates the approach, which improves lower level control during fault interruption and suppression by utilizing fault detection and location information. In addition, the study examines two control schemes to assess the impact of communication delays in MT-HVdc grids, a critical factor for system stability and reliability during faults. These schemes include a centralized scheme with delays in input and output signals and a decentralized approach focusing on external signal delays. Both are compared against a baseline centralized control with no delays. These approaches explore alternatives for the placement of the proposed controller, considering potential delays in interstation high-speed communication. The findings underscore the significance of the proposed DC-FRT control in reinforcing MT-HVdc systems against faults, which contributes to efficient recovery and grid stability.
{"title":"Predictive DC Fault Ride-Through for Offshore MMC-Based MT-HVDC Grid","authors":"Ajay Shetgaonkar;Vaibhav Nougain;Marjan Popov;Peter Palensky;Aleksandra Lekić","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3590306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3590306","url":null,"abstract":"Unscheduled event handling capability and swift recovery from transient events are indispensable study areas to ensure reliability in offshore multiterminal high-voltage dc (MT-HVdc) grids. This article focuses on enhancing the reliability of half-bridge modular multilevel converters (HB-MMCs) in MT-HVdc grids by introducing a predictive dc fault ride-through (DC-FRT) recovery controller and fault separation devices. A novel dc protection-informed zonal DC-FRT scheme for HB-MMCs is proposed, incorporating a model predictive planner for optimized control inputs based on local and interstation measurements and converter constraints. A real-time digital simulator environment simulates the approach, which improves lower level control during fault interruption and suppression by utilizing fault detection and location information. In addition, the study examines two control schemes to assess the impact of communication delays in MT-HVdc grids, a critical factor for system stability and reliability during faults. These schemes include a centralized scheme with delays in input and output signals and a decentralized approach focusing on external signal delays. Both are compared against a baseline centralized control with no delays. These approaches explore alternatives for the placement of the proposed controller, considering potential delays in interstation high-speed communication. The findings underscore the significance of the proposed DC-FRT control in reinforcing MT-HVdc systems against faults, which contributes to efficient recovery and grid stability.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"579-592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11083622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3590137
Keitaro Kawarazaki;Ryoto Kojima;Nobukazu Hoshi
This article proposes a discontinuous current vector control method for a three-phase switched reluctance motor driven by an asymmetric H-bridge converter. The proposed method enables vector control with three-phase discontinuous currents, improving the torque per ampere ratio and the efficiency of both the converter and motor compared to conventional continuous current vector control. Moreover, the proposed method reduced vibration and acoustic noise, as the control parameters can be designed using a mathematical model, and the switching frequency can be determined by a carrier signal, similar to conventional vector control. This article derives a torque equation considering discontinuous current conditions and describes the configuration of the control system. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and experimental verification. In the experimental verification, the efficiency of the proposed method was improved by a maximum of 7.73 percentage points in the converter efficiency, 4.06% points in the motor efficiency, and 9.12% points in the system efficiency compared to the conventional vector control method. Furthermore, FFT analysis of acoustic noise showed a noise level reduction of up to 36.0 dB at 10.9 kHz compared to current hysteresis control, making it equivalent to the noise level of conventional vector control.
{"title":"Discontinuous Current Vector Control Using PWM Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Driven With Asymmetric H-Bridge Converter","authors":"Keitaro Kawarazaki;Ryoto Kojima;Nobukazu Hoshi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3590137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3590137","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a discontinuous current vector control method for a three-phase switched reluctance motor driven by an asymmetric H-bridge converter. The proposed method enables vector control with three-phase discontinuous currents, improving the torque per ampere ratio and the efficiency of both the converter and motor compared to conventional continuous current vector control. Moreover, the proposed method reduced vibration and acoustic noise, as the control parameters can be designed using a mathematical model, and the switching frequency can be determined by a carrier signal, similar to conventional vector control. This article derives a torque equation considering discontinuous current conditions and describes the configuration of the control system. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and experimental verification. In the experimental verification, the efficiency of the proposed method was improved by a maximum of 7.73 percentage points in the converter efficiency, 4.06% points in the motor efficiency, and 9.12% points in the system efficiency compared to the conventional vector control method. Furthermore, FFT analysis of acoustic noise showed a noise level reduction of up to 36.0 dB at 10.9 kHz compared to current hysteresis control, making it equivalent to the noise level of conventional vector control.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"551-564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11082682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3587342
Salvatore Pollaccia;Massimo Caruso;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Rosario Miceli
This article presents a novel fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for three-phase induction motor drives designed to maintain adequate operation during a fault occurring on either the electrical machine or the power converter sides. The proposed FTC ensures uninterrupted operation through software and hardware reconfigurations, which are specifically related to the fault type, leveraging a flexible machine and power devices fault-tolerant inverter topology. The system employs modified voltage references and asymmetric transformation matrices to adapt to inverter or motor faults while maintaining balanced operation and reduced torque, flux, and speed oscillations. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in restoring operational integrity with limited performance degradation, highlighting its flexibility and suitability for critical industrial applications.
{"title":"A New Comprehensive Methodology for Postfault Operation of Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives","authors":"Salvatore Pollaccia;Massimo Caruso;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Rosario Miceli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3587342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3587342","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for three-phase induction motor drives designed to maintain adequate operation during a fault occurring on either the electrical machine or the power converter sides. The proposed FTC ensures uninterrupted operation through software and hardware reconfigurations, which are specifically related to the fault type, leveraging a flexible machine and power devices fault-tolerant inverter topology. The system employs modified voltage references and asymmetric transformation matrices to adapt to inverter or motor faults while maintaining balanced operation and reduced torque, flux, and speed oscillations. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in restoring operational integrity with limited performance degradation, highlighting its flexibility and suitability for critical industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"506-524"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11074713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept is a well-established control solution that facilitates the integration of power electronics-interfaced renewable sources into the electric grid. The VSG algorithm enables power converters to support the grid in case of voltage dips by injecting a large short-circuit current. However, a current limitation strategy must be implemented to address the hardware limitation of power converters. As demonstrated in the literature, the current constraint affects the VSG’s dynamics by limiting the output power, thus causing a substantial acceleration of the virtual rotor and potentially leading to a loss of synchronism. Several available solutions utilize the measured actual active power as feedback, thereby modifying the VSG with complex control algorithms. On the other hand, this article proposes a different approach, highlighting the benefits of using the virtual power instead of the measured power feedback for the most adopted limitation strategies available in the literature. This paradigm shift leads to a significant improvement in stability without requiring fault detection capability or switching the control structure, as demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in this article.
{"title":"The Virtual Power Feedback: Enhancing the Transient Stability of Virtual Synchronous Generators Under Current Limitation","authors":"Alessia Camboni;Vincenzo Mallemaci;Fabio Mandrile;Radu Bojoi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3586412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3586412","url":null,"abstract":"The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept is a well-established control solution that facilitates the integration of power electronics-interfaced renewable sources into the electric grid. The VSG algorithm enables power converters to support the grid in case of voltage dips by injecting a large short-circuit current. However, a current limitation strategy must be implemented to address the hardware limitation of power converters. As demonstrated in the literature, the current constraint affects the VSG’s dynamics by limiting the output power, thus causing a substantial acceleration of the virtual rotor and potentially leading to a loss of synchronism. Several available solutions utilize the measured actual active power as feedback, thereby modifying the VSG with complex control algorithms. On the other hand, this article proposes a different approach, highlighting the benefits of using the virtual power instead of the measured power feedback for the most adopted limitation strategies available in the literature. This paradigm shift leads to a significant improvement in stability without requiring fault detection capability or switching the control structure, as demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in this article.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"490-505"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3586810
Andrea Credo;Paolo Pescetto
The recent advances in computational power and motor design software, supported by finite elements analysis (FEA), permit accurate prediction of the losses and electromagnetic performance of the machine at the design stage. Anyway, the simulation accuracy strictly depends on the real motor geometry and material properties, which are affected by the manufacturing process. This article offers a systematic method for accurately calibrating the electromagnetic FEA models, permitting to consider the production process within the motor design stage. A synchronous reluctance motor prototype is designed, manufactured, and experimentally characterized, and the measured flux and torque characteristics are exploited for ex-post calibrating the FEA model of the machine. This approach led to a reduction in torque estimation error from 18% to 4%, and an improvement of the flux maps evaluation, thus enhancing and validating the design procedure and permitting further optimization steps of machines with similar geometry and dimensions. The effects are particularly evident in the proposed motor due to the reduced size of the rotor flux barriers, stator teeth, and yoke. The mechanical tolerances are analyzed through a Monte Carlo analysis covering different areas of the machine. Then, the effects of uncertain airgap length and iron degradation due to the manufacturing process are considered, determining an equivalent degraded BH curve.
{"title":"A Systematic Method for the Calibration of FEA Model of Synchronous Reluctance Machines Considering Manufacturing Effects","authors":"Andrea Credo;Paolo Pescetto","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3586810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3586810","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advances in computational power and motor design software, supported by finite elements analysis (FEA), permit accurate prediction of the losses and electromagnetic performance of the machine at the design stage. Anyway, the simulation accuracy strictly depends on the real motor geometry and material properties, which are affected by the manufacturing process. This article offers a systematic method for accurately calibrating the electromagnetic FEA models, permitting to consider the production process within the motor design stage. A synchronous reluctance motor prototype is designed, manufactured, and experimentally characterized, and the measured flux and torque characteristics are exploited for ex-post calibrating the FEA model of the machine. This approach led to a reduction in torque estimation error from 18% to 4%, and an improvement of the flux maps evaluation, thus enhancing and validating the design procedure and permitting further optimization steps of machines with similar geometry and dimensions. The effects are particularly evident in the proposed motor due to the reduced size of the rotor flux barriers, stator teeth, and yoke. The mechanical tolerances are analyzed through a Monte Carlo analysis covering different areas of the machine. Then, the effects of uncertain airgap length and iron degradation due to the manufacturing process are considered, determining an equivalent degraded BH curve.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3585676
David Sirianni;Takanobu Ohno;Spasoje Mirić
Robotic systems, such as legged robots or industrial robots used in manufacturing and humanoid assistance, rely on robotic joints to perform multi-degree-of-freedom motions. Each joint typically incorporates a motor and a gear to drive its motion. Power delivery and control for these joints are usually achieved through cables for power and data transfer, which are routed through the joints. However, as the joints move, these cables bend and flex, leading to eventual failure due to the limited number of bending cycles they can withstand. In addition, in high-precision joints, cable slack can disrupt position control accuracy. To address these challenges, this article investigates wireless power and data transfer for robotic joints. The proposed approach leverages a closed magnetic core for power transfer, minimizing stray magnetic fields, and uses photodiode-based communication with a custom-developed control circuit. The approach is validated through experimental measurements and benchmarked against existing solutions in the literature. We demonstrate a system capable of transferring 200 W of power and achieving a data transfer rate of 2 Mbit/s, with the total weight of all components being 96 g.
{"title":"Wireless Power and Data Transfer for Robotic Joints Using High Coupling Magnetic Cores and Photodiode-Based Communication","authors":"David Sirianni;Takanobu Ohno;Spasoje Mirić","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3585676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3585676","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic systems, such as legged robots or industrial robots used in manufacturing and humanoid assistance, rely on robotic joints to perform multi-degree-of-freedom motions. Each joint typically incorporates a motor and a gear to drive its motion. Power delivery and control for these joints are usually achieved through cables for power and data transfer, which are routed through the joints. However, as the joints move, these cables bend and flex, leading to eventual failure due to the limited number of bending cycles they can withstand. In addition, in high-precision joints, cable slack can disrupt position control accuracy. To address these challenges, this article investigates wireless power and data transfer for robotic joints. The proposed approach leverages a closed magnetic core for power transfer, minimizing stray magnetic fields, and uses photodiode-based communication with a custom-developed control circuit. The approach is validated through experimental measurements and benchmarked against existing solutions in the literature. We demonstrate a system capable of transferring 200 W of power and achieving a data transfer rate of 2 Mbit/s, with the total weight of all components being 96 g.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"525-538"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11068112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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