Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3190905
Anant K Singh;Ramakrishnan Raja;Tomy Sebastian;Kaushik Rajashekara
Torque smoothness is an essential requirement for high-performance motor drive applications. Synchronous reluctance machines (SyRM) have high torque ripple due to non-linear magnetic circuit and saturation. Typically, in Permanent magnet machines the active torque ripple compensation is achieved by injecting a compensating ripple current in the q-axis . For SyRM, the current injection method for active torque ripple cancellation can be used in both the d-axis and q-axis . However, the saturation of the motor parameters with the changing current can result in varied performance between the two methods. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of both of these methods for torque ripple cancellation. For evaluation, the impact of parameter saturation with ripple current injection on the d-axis and the q-axis is studied. The mathematical conclusions obtained are evaluated by both the simulation and the experimental results performed on a 4 pole 1200W Synchronous reluctance machine.
{"title":"Torque Ripple Minimization Control Strategy in Synchronous Reluctance Machines","authors":"Anant K Singh;Ramakrishnan Raja;Tomy Sebastian;Kaushik Rajashekara","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3190905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3190905","url":null,"abstract":"Torque smoothness is an essential requirement for high-performance motor drive applications. Synchronous reluctance machines (SyRM) have high torque ripple due to non-linear magnetic circuit and saturation. Typically, in Permanent magnet machines the active torque ripple compensation is achieved by injecting a compensating ripple current in the \u0000<italic>q-axis</i>\u0000. For SyRM, the current injection method for active torque ripple cancellation can be used in both the \u0000<italic>d-axis</i>\u0000 and \u0000<italic>q-axis</i>\u0000. However, the saturation of the motor parameters with the changing current can result in varied performance between the two methods. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of both of these methods for torque ripple cancellation. For evaluation, the impact of parameter saturation with ripple current injection on the \u0000<italic>d-axis</i>\u0000 and the \u0000<italic>q-axis</i>\u0000 is studied. The mathematical conclusions obtained are evaluated by both the simulation and the experimental results performed on a 4 pole 1200W Synchronous reluctance machine.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09829907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feed-forward current control, which employs a single-pulse mode of inverters over a wide speed range, is applied in inertial load drive applications such as electric vehicles and electric railway vehicles. It is necessary to identify both primary and secondary motor parameters to realize sophisticated torque control in the feed-forward current control region, wherein the current controller cannot compensate for motor parameter errors. An online auto-tuning method that is based on the fundamental components of motor voltages during acceleration with an inertial load is proposed in this study. The convergence of the proposed auto-tuning is discussed, and a calculation method for correction gains is proposed to compensate for the motor parameters. The proposed method is verified via numerical simulation and experiments with a 750 W induction motor and an inertial load.
{"title":"Online Auto-Tuning Method in Field-Orientation-Controlled Induction Motor Driving Inertial Load","authors":"Masaki Nagataki;Keiichiro Kondo;Osamu Yamazaki;Kazuaki Yuki;Yosuke Nakazawa","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3189343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3189343","url":null,"abstract":"Feed-forward current control, which employs a single-pulse mode of inverters over a wide speed range, is applied in inertial load drive applications such as electric vehicles and electric railway vehicles. It is necessary to identify both primary and secondary motor parameters to realize sophisticated torque control in the feed-forward current control region, wherein the current controller cannot compensate for motor parameter errors. An online auto-tuning method that is based on the fundamental components of motor voltages during acceleration with an inertial load is proposed in this study. The convergence of the proposed auto-tuning is discussed, and a calculation method for correction gains is proposed to compensate for the motor parameters. The proposed method is verified via numerical simulation and experiments with a 750 W induction motor and an inertial load.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09823410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-motor drive systems (MMDS) combine several drives that work together to fulfill one task. Compared to conventional single-motor drive systems modular product concepts can be realized with MMDS thanks to additional degrees of freedom. Because of their mechanical structure consisting of several shafts, clutches, and gear pairings, complex deflection shapes arise which lead to unintended torque oscillations.To compensate for these torque oscillations a data-driven adaptive multiple-input single-output scheme based on two cascaded recursive least squares estimators is proposed. Here, weights (manipulable amplitudes) for each order (multiple of a fundamental frequency) to be compensated are multiplied with unit amplitude harmonic signals of a reference oscillator and added as reference torques to the torque controllers of the MMDS’s drives. These weights are continually adapted by an online identification of transfer paths and disturbances. Furthermore, the torque contribution of the individual drives concerning the compensation task can be changed at runtime utilizing a weighting matrix as tuning parameter by analytically solving a quadratic program with a linear equality constraint. Hence, the proposed algorithm is suitable for automatic self-commissioning requiring only marginal expert intervention. Experimental investigations prove the compensation capability of the approach whereby a reduction of the output torque’s total harmonic distortion (THD) of up to $80%$ from $26.8%$ to $5.4%$ for a representative operation point is achieved.
{"title":"Data-Driven Adaptive Torque Oscillation Compensation for Multi-Motor Drive Systems","authors":"Anian Brosch;Johann Rauhaus;Oliver Wallscheid;Detmar Zimmer;Joachim Böcker","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3171333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3171333","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-motor drive systems (MMDS) combine several drives that work together to fulfill one task. Compared to conventional single-motor drive systems modular product concepts can be realized with MMDS thanks to additional degrees of freedom. Because of their mechanical structure consisting of several shafts, clutches, and gear pairings, complex deflection shapes arise which lead to unintended torque oscillations.To compensate for these torque oscillations a data-driven adaptive multiple-input single-output scheme based on two cascaded recursive least squares estimators is proposed. Here, weights (manipulable amplitudes) for each order (multiple of a fundamental frequency) to be compensated are multiplied with unit amplitude harmonic signals of a reference oscillator and added as reference torques to the torque controllers of the MMDS’s drives. These weights are continually adapted by an online identification of transfer paths and disturbances. Furthermore, the torque contribution of the individual drives concerning the compensation task can be changed at runtime utilizing a weighting matrix as tuning parameter by analytically solving a quadratic program with a linear equality constraint. Hence, the proposed algorithm is suitable for automatic self-commissioning requiring only marginal expert intervention. Experimental investigations prove the compensation capability of the approach whereby a reduction of the output torque’s total harmonic distortion (THD) of up to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$80%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 from \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$26.8%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$5.4%$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for a representative operation point is achieved.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09765673.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3179225
Haichen Liu;Tiefu Zhao;Xuezhi Wu
In this paper, two types of Silicon (Si) IGBT and Silicon Carbide (SiC) hybrid switch (Si/SiC HyS) based three-level active neutral-point-clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter are proposed for high efficiency and low device cost. The proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverters are compared with the full Si IGBT, full SiC MOSFET, and Si with SiC devices-based hybrid 3L-ANPC solutions on the inverter efficiency, power capacity, and device cost. It is shown that compared with the full Si IGBT 3L-ANPC solution, the inverter efficiency improvement by Si/SiC HyS is 2.4% and 1.8% at light load condition and heavy load condition, respectively. Compared to the full SiC MOSFET solution and 2-SiC MOSFET hybrid scheme, the device cost of 2-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC is reduced by 78% and 50% with 0.28% and 0.21% maximum inverter efficiency sacrifices. The testing results show that the proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter is a cost-effective way to realize high inverter efficiency. Between the two proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverters, the 2-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter has lower device cost which makes it more suitable for cost-sensitive and high efficiency applications. While the 4-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter has higher output power capacity, making it a better candidate for high power density, high power capacity, and high efficiency applications.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Si/SiC Hybrid Switch-Based Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter","authors":"Haichen Liu;Tiefu Zhao;Xuezhi Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3179225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3179225","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two types of Silicon (Si) IGBT and Silicon Carbide (SiC) hybrid switch (Si/SiC HyS) based three-level active neutral-point-clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter are proposed for high efficiency and low device cost. The proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverters are compared with the full Si IGBT, full SiC MOSFET, and Si with SiC devices-based hybrid 3L-ANPC solutions on the inverter efficiency, power capacity, and device cost. It is shown that compared with the full Si IGBT 3L-ANPC solution, the inverter efficiency improvement by Si/SiC HyS is 2.4% and 1.8% at light load condition and heavy load condition, respectively. Compared to the full SiC MOSFET solution and 2-SiC MOSFET hybrid scheme, the device cost of 2-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC is reduced by 78% and 50% with 0.28% and 0.21% maximum inverter efficiency sacrifices. The testing results show that the proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter is a cost-effective way to realize high inverter efficiency. Between the two proposed Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverters, the 2-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter has lower device cost which makes it more suitable for cost-sensitive and high efficiency applications. While the 4-Si/SiC HyS-based 3L-ANPC inverter has higher output power capacity, making it a better candidate for high power density, high power capacity, and high efficiency applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"90-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09785900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3178235
David Toquica;Kodjo Agbossou;Roland Malhamé;Nilson Henao;Sousso Kelouwani;Michaël Fournier
Flexibility from demand-side resources is increasingly required in modern power systems to maintain the dynamic balance between demand and supply. This flexibility comes from elastic users managing controllable loads. In this context, controlling Electric Space Heaters (ESHs) is of particular interest because it can leverage building inner thermal storage capacity to shift consumption while maintaining comfort conditions. Some economic Demand Response (DR) programs have considered exploiting EHSs flexibility potentials in recent years. However, these programs still struggle to engage customers due to the complexity of processing price signals for inexpert users. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automated tools for helping users to operate their loads. Accordingly, this paper presents a recommender system based on Gaussian processes to discover users’ valuations of thermal comfort and perform the predictive control of their ESHs. The proposed method enables customers to participate in DR programs and impose their preferences through straightforward queries instead of directly changing control parameters. Validation results demonstrate that users maximize their utility by supplying noiseless and consistent data to the recommender system. Additionally, the suggested approach achieves a higher acceptance rate than other methods from the literature, such as persistency and support vector machines.
{"title":"A Recommender System for Predictive Control of Heating Systems in Economic Demand Response Programs","authors":"David Toquica;Kodjo Agbossou;Roland Malhamé;Nilson Henao;Sousso Kelouwani;Michaël Fournier","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3178235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3178235","url":null,"abstract":"Flexibility from demand-side resources is increasingly required in modern power systems to maintain the dynamic balance between demand and supply. This flexibility comes from elastic users managing controllable loads. In this context, controlling Electric Space Heaters (ESHs) is of particular interest because it can leverage building inner thermal storage capacity to shift consumption while maintaining comfort conditions. Some economic Demand Response (DR) programs have considered exploiting EHSs flexibility potentials in recent years. However, these programs still struggle to engage customers due to the complexity of processing price signals for inexpert users. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automated tools for helping users to operate their loads. Accordingly, this paper presents a recommender system based on Gaussian processes to discover users’ valuations of thermal comfort and perform the predictive control of their ESHs. The proposed method enables customers to participate in DR programs and impose their preferences through straightforward queries instead of directly changing control parameters. Validation results demonstrate that users maximize their utility by supplying noiseless and consistent data to the recommender system. Additionally, the suggested approach achieves a higher acceptance rate than other methods from the literature, such as persistency and support vector machines.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"79-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09783190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177862
S.M. Muslem Uddin;Galina Mirzaeva;Graham C. Goodwin
This paper proposes a novel and robust version of Model Predictive Control scheme for AC drives based on Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with Active Front End (AFE). The main feature of the proposed MPC is elimination of Common Mode Voltage (CMV) without imposing a penalty on the corresponding term in the cost function, but rather by a smart utilisation of the restricted set of switching states in a computationally efficient algorithm. Furthermore, the paper proposes to split the conventional MPC scheme into separate Control and Modulation stages, and to enhance the Control stage by integral action, and the Modulation stage - by a Feedback Quantizer. The resulting AC drive scheme provides high tracking accuracy over the full speed range, robustness to disturbances and parameters error, coupled with practically zero CMV and consequently - very low levels of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). This makes the proposed scheme a competitive alternative to the existing AC drive solutions in the most challenging industrial applications. The benefits of the proposed scheme are validated by simulation and experiment.
{"title":"Robust Model Predictive Control for AFE-Inverter Drives With Common Mode Voltage Elimination","authors":"S.M. Muslem Uddin;Galina Mirzaeva;Graham C. Goodwin","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel and robust version of Model Predictive Control scheme for AC drives based on Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with Active Front End (AFE). The main feature of the proposed MPC is elimination of Common Mode Voltage (CMV) without imposing a penalty on the corresponding term in the cost function, but rather by a smart utilisation of the restricted set of switching states in a computationally efficient algorithm. Furthermore, the paper proposes to split the conventional MPC scheme into separate Control and Modulation stages, and to enhance the Control stage by integral action, and the Modulation stage - by a Feedback Quantizer. The resulting AC drive scheme provides high tracking accuracy over the full speed range, robustness to disturbances and parameters error, coupled with practically zero CMV and consequently - very low levels of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). This makes the proposed scheme a competitive alternative to the existing AC drive solutions in the most challenging industrial applications. The benefits of the proposed scheme are validated by simulation and experiment.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"114-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09782122.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177857
Dmitry Miller;Galina Mirzaeva;Christopher David Townsend;Graham C. Goodwin
A microgrid is a proven effective way to integrate renewable resources. This study presents an innovative control concept for decentralized AC microgrids, which is based on the architectural advantage of a radial microgrid structure. Under the proposed concept, power sharing between the distributed sources is achieved without droop control. Thus the need for a secondary control level is eliminated. Moreover, the use of explicit communication is replaced in the paper by a novel coordination mechanism based on the locally measured currents. The paper shows that, with a special design of the current control of grid-feeding converters, the proposed microgrid automatically provides equitable sharing of the load demand amongst the distributed generators (DGs). Moreover, the dynamic responses of the DGs are identical and decoupled from one another. It is further shown that the proposed AC microgrid is stable in the presence of any type of load. The findings of the paper are validated by simulations and laboratory experiments.
{"title":"Decentralised Droopless Control of Islanded Radial AC Microgrids Without Explicit Communication","authors":"Dmitry Miller;Galina Mirzaeva;Christopher David Townsend;Graham C. Goodwin","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3177857","url":null,"abstract":"A microgrid is a proven effective way to integrate renewable resources. This study presents an innovative control concept for decentralized AC microgrids, which is based on the architectural advantage of a radial microgrid structure. Under the proposed concept, power sharing between the distributed sources is achieved without droop control. Thus the need for a secondary control level is eliminated. Moreover, the use of explicit communication is replaced in the paper by a novel coordination mechanism based on the locally measured currents. The paper shows that, with a special design of the current control of grid-feeding converters, the proposed microgrid automatically provides equitable sharing of the load demand amongst the distributed generators (DGs). Moreover, the dynamic responses of the DGs are identical and decoupled from one another. It is further shown that the proposed AC microgrid is stable in the presence of any type of load. The findings of the paper are validated by simulations and laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09782112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50325636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hybrid-voltage-source three-level inverter is a traction circuit system aimed at realizing energy savings with lithium-ion batteries for direct-current-electrified railway vehicles. However, this system has the limitation of being unable to freely control the power flow of the batteries owing to the pulse width modulation. However, because this system has batteries, energy management is required for the batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an energy-management method that achieves the required energy-saving effect while considering the constraints of the battery power control. In this paper, a management method is proposed to control the power flow of the batteries by determining the pulse mode of the inverter and the modulation wave offset based on the state of the charge and inverter frequency. In a 0.75-kW class mini-model verification, the effectiveness of the proposed energy-management method is then confirmed based on the state of the charge, inverter frequency, offset, and battery power. Subsequently, we evaluate the energy-saving effect of this hybrid system using a numerical simulation while considering an actual railway vehicle. In addition, the optimal capacity of the batteries is investigated. As a result, the best energy-saving effect is obtained when two of the assumed batteries are connected in series and three in parallel, and the power consumption is reduced by approximately 21%.
{"title":"Energy-Management Method to Reduce the Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Hybrid-Voltage-Source Three-Level Inverter for DC-Electrified Railway Vehicles","authors":"Tadashi Mizobuchi;Keiichiro Kondo;Yosuke Dairaku;Takeshi Shinomiya;Katsumi Ishikawa","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3160756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3160756","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid-voltage-source three-level inverter is a traction circuit system aimed at realizing energy savings with lithium-ion batteries for direct-current-electrified railway vehicles. However, this system has the limitation of being unable to freely control the power flow of the batteries owing to the pulse width modulation. However, because this system has batteries, energy management is required for the batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an energy-management method that achieves the required energy-saving effect while considering the constraints of the battery power control. In this paper, a management method is proposed to control the power flow of the batteries by determining the pulse mode of the inverter and the modulation wave offset based on the state of the charge and inverter frequency. In a 0.75-kW class mini-model verification, the effectiveness of the proposed energy-management method is then confirmed based on the state of the charge, inverter frequency, offset, and battery power. Subsequently, we evaluate the energy-saving effect of this hybrid system using a numerical simulation while considering an actual railway vehicle. In addition, the optimal capacity of the batteries is investigated. As a result, the best energy-saving effect is obtained when two of the assumed batteries are connected in series and three in parallel, and the power consumption is reduced by approximately 21%.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"41-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09739826.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3157675
Hans Bärnklau;Jens Proske
During synchronization phase of a doubly fed induction machine prototype abnormal high voltages were recorded at stator terminals. By evaluating the measured curves, and the frequency response of a similar machine, these overvoltages could be traced back to differential mode resonance effects within the machine itself. The effect of differential mode resonance is not restricted to doubly fed induction machines but also occurs in other machine types such as squirrel cage induction machines. If not considered in the insulation design, such abnormal voltages will lead to a premature ageing of the insulation. Depending on the operating conditions, premature failures may occur. The measured data presented in the article give an illustrative example what could happen if windings of electric machines are excited near series resonance frequency. As the occurence of this effect becomes more probable the higher the switching frequency of the converter, it is thoroughly important to be aware of it.
{"title":"On Medium Frequency Differential Mode Resonance Effects in Doubly Fed Induction Machines","authors":"Hans Bärnklau;Jens Proske","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2022.3157675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2022.3157675","url":null,"abstract":"During synchronization phase of a doubly fed induction machine prototype abnormal high voltages were recorded at stator terminals. By evaluating the measured curves, and the frequency response of a similar machine, these overvoltages could be traced back to differential mode resonance effects within the machine itself. The effect of differential mode resonance is not restricted to doubly fed induction machines but also occurs in other machine types such as squirrel cage induction machines. If not considered in the insulation design, such abnormal voltages will lead to a premature ageing of the insulation. Depending on the operating conditions, premature failures may occur. The measured data presented in the article give an illustrative example what could happen if windings of electric machines are excited near series resonance frequency. As the occurence of this effect becomes more probable the higher the switching frequency of the converter, it is thoroughly important to be aware of it.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09730001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2022.3148388
Ali S. Haider;Ted K. A. Brekken;Ryan G. Coe;Giorgio Bacelli;Alan McCall
The growing wave energy sector requires an efficient and flexible testing process for the development phase of wave energy systems. Real-time hybrid testing is a promising technique for the accelerated testing of wave energy conversion systems. This article presents an experimental study on developing a hybrid testing platform for wave energy systems at the Wallace Energy System and Renewables Facility (WESRF) at Oregon State University. The wave energy conversion system is broken down into numeric (i.e., virtual) and physical (i.e., hardware) components. The numeric component involves software components such as the control algorithm for Wave Energy Converter (WEC) and controller for the power electronic converters and numerical models for the WEC device hydrodynamics. The hardware involves an ocean wave emulator testbed, Power Take-Off (PTO) mechanism, power electronics, and instrumentation. The numeric components are implemented in a real-time target machine and are interfaced with the experimental system. A case study implementation of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is presented for a single degree of freedom heaving nonlinear WEC model with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) as a PTO system. A Field-Oriented Control (FOC) algorithm controls the PMSG-PTO generation using a three-phase Integrated Intelligent Power (IIP) module converter. A demonstration of the proposed hybrid testing setup is provided.
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