Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3137589
Mi Tang;Marco di Benedetto;Stefano Bifaretti;Alessandro Lidozzi;Pericle Zanchetta
Power electronic systems present a non-linear behavior mainly due to their switching nature. This is often combined with their interaction with non-linear systems, such as other switching converters, diode rectifiers, motor drives, etc. and with possible non linearities of the power grid in the case of grid connected systems. The major effect of these non-linear interactions is the generation of harmonic distortion on voltages and currents (both in DC and AC), which needs to be compensated to achieve high power quality systems. The use of passive filters is often the simplest and most immediate solution; however, this decreases converter efficiency and increases its weight and volume. Thus, the use of a control strategy capable of tracking periodic signals, rejecting periodic disturbance and largely improving steady state behavior and harmonic distortion with a limited bandwidth is a very desirable feature. Repetitive Control (RC) represents an extremely practical and efficient solution for the aforementioned issues, and it is widely employed in many different applications. This paper focuses on state of the art of RC used in power electronics and drives. RC basic concepts, different control structures, design methods, fixed and variable frequency operating conditions, etc. are investigated. Furthermore, many example applications and existing control approaches developed in recent years for power electronics and drive systems based on RC, have also been discussed in detail.
{"title":"State of the Art of Repetitive Control in Power Electronics and Drive Applications","authors":"Mi Tang;Marco di Benedetto;Stefano Bifaretti;Alessandro Lidozzi;Pericle Zanchetta","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3137589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3137589","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic systems present a non-linear behavior mainly due to their switching nature. This is often combined with their interaction with non-linear systems, such as other switching converters, diode rectifiers, motor drives, etc. and with possible non linearities of the power grid in the case of grid connected systems. The major effect of these non-linear interactions is the generation of harmonic distortion on voltages and currents (both in DC and AC), which needs to be compensated to achieve high power quality systems. The use of passive filters is often the simplest and most immediate solution; however, this decreases converter efficiency and increases its weight and volume. Thus, the use of a control strategy capable of tracking periodic signals, rejecting periodic disturbance and largely improving steady state behavior and harmonic distortion with a limited bandwidth is a very desirable feature. Repetitive Control (RC) represents an extremely practical and efficient solution for the aforementioned issues, and it is widely employed in many different applications. This paper focuses on state of the art of RC used in power electronics and drives. RC basic concepts, different control structures, design methods, fixed and variable frequency operating conditions, etc. are investigated. Furthermore, many example applications and existing control approaches developed in recent years for power electronics and drive systems based on RC, have also been discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"13-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09661411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3134585
Caio R. D. Osório;Dimas A. Schuetz;Gustavo G. Koch;Fernanda Carnielutti;Daniel M. Lima;Luiz A. Maccari Jr;Vinícius F. Montagner;Humberto Pinheiro
This paper proposes a modulated model predictive strategy suitable for current control of grid-connected converters with LCL filters, allowing fast dynamic responses with a fixed switching frequency, for both strong and weak grid conditions. The duty cycles are optimized within each switching period based on the minimization of a quadratic cost function with linear constraints from the space vector modulation. Full and reduced-order models are considered for the control design, and closed-form analytical solutions for the optimization problem are derived based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The closed-form expressions for the optimal solution make it possible to implement the algorithm in real time using off-the-shelf microcontrollers. Extensive evaluation illustrates good transient and steady state performances for different grid conditions. In addition, the proposed MPC takes into account the voltage synthesis capability of the inverter and copes with overmodulation in an orderly fashion even in large transients.
{"title":"Modulated Model Predictive Control Applied to LCL-Filtered Grid-Tied Inverters: A Convex Optimization Approach","authors":"Caio R. D. Osório;Dimas A. Schuetz;Gustavo G. Koch;Fernanda Carnielutti;Daniel M. Lima;Luiz A. Maccari Jr;Vinícius F. Montagner;Humberto Pinheiro","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3134585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3134585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a modulated model predictive strategy suitable for current control of grid-connected converters with LCL filters, allowing fast dynamic responses with a fixed switching frequency, for both strong and weak grid conditions. The duty cycles are optimized within each switching period based on the minimization of a quadratic cost function with linear constraints from the space vector modulation. Full and reduced-order models are considered for the control design, and closed-form analytical solutions for the optimization problem are derived based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The closed-form expressions for the optimal solution make it possible to implement the algorithm in real time using off-the-shelf microcontrollers. Extensive evaluation illustrates good transient and steady state performances for different grid conditions. In addition, the proposed MPC takes into account the voltage synthesis capability of the inverter and copes with overmodulation in an orderly fashion even in large transients.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"366-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09648217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50326997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3133477
Eyke Liegmann;Petros Karamanakos;Ralph Kennel
This paper deals with the real-time implementation of a long-horizon finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm on an embedded system. The targeted application is a medium-voltage drive system which means that operation at a very low switching frequency is needed so that the switching power losses are kept relatively low. However, a small sampling interval is required to achieve a fine granularity of switching, and thus ensure superior system performance. This renders the real-time implementation of the controller challenging. To facilitate this, a high level synthesis (HLS) tool, which synthesizes C ++ code into VHDL, is employed to enable a higher level of abstraction and faster prototype development of the real-time solver of the long-horizon FCS-MPC problem, namely the sphere decoder. Experimental results based on a small-scale prototype, consisting of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter and an induction machine, confirm that the algorithm can be executed in real time within the targeted control period of 25 $mu$ s.
{"title":"Real-Time Implementation of Long-Horizon Direct Model Predictive Control on an Embedded System","authors":"Eyke Liegmann;Petros Karamanakos;Ralph Kennel","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3133477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3133477","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the real-time implementation of a long-horizon finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm on an embedded system. The targeted application is a medium-voltage drive system which means that operation at a very low switching frequency is needed so that the switching power losses are kept relatively low. However, a small sampling interval is required to achieve a fine granularity of switching, and thus ensure superior system performance. This renders the real-time implementation of the controller challenging. To facilitate this, a high level synthesis (HLS) tool, which synthesizes C\u0000<monospace>++</monospace>\u0000 code into VHDL, is employed to enable a higher level of abstraction and faster prototype development of the real-time solver of the long-horizon FCS-MPC problem, namely the sphere decoder. Experimental results based on a small-scale prototype, consisting of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter and an induction machine, confirm that the algorithm can be executed in real time within the targeted control period of 25 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000s.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"3 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9666452/09640575.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50323985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a double axial gap type induction motor having a toroidal winding stator structure is proposed for the purpose of improving the torque density and efficiency of the induction machine. It consists of an axial type squirrel-cage induction rotor, and a toroidal winding stator structure suitable for armature copper loss reduction, miniaturization and a double axial gap structure. After explaining the reasons for selecting the single stator and double rotor structures, the structural design of the prototype and the experimental setup will be reported. The slip- vs .-torque characteristics are measured to clarify the drive characteristics, and the features of the proposed motor used soft magnetic composites are discussed by the equivalent circuit method. As a result, it was experimentally clarified that the double axial gap type induction motor with soft magnetic composites has a high slip torque characteristic and the reduction of the excitation current is an important issue for improving the performance.
{"title":"Experience of Toroidally Wound Double Rotor Axial-Gap Induction Machine With Soft Magnetic Composites","authors":"Masahiro Aoyama;Hiroki Tsuya;Syotaro Hirata;Lars Sjöberg","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3132631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3132631","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a double axial gap type induction motor having a toroidal winding stator structure is proposed for the purpose of improving the torque density and efficiency of the induction machine. It consists of an axial type squirrel-cage induction rotor, and a toroidal winding stator structure suitable for armature copper loss reduction, miniaturization and a double axial gap structure. After explaining the reasons for selecting the single stator and double rotor structures, the structural design of the prototype and the experimental setup will be reported. The slip-\u0000<italic>vs</i>\u0000.-torque characteristics are measured to clarify the drive characteristics, and the features of the proposed motor used soft magnetic composites are discussed by the equivalent circuit method. As a result, it was experimentally clarified that the double axial gap type induction motor with soft magnetic composites has a high slip torque characteristic and the reduction of the excitation current is an important issue for improving the performance.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"378-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09638332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50326996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3130288
G. Schettino;C. Nevoloso;R. Miceli;A.O. Di Tommaso;F. Viola
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the use of a novel Harmonic Mitigation algorithm for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter in electrical drives for the transportation field. For this purpose, an enhanced mathematical model of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), that takes into account simultaneously saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effects, has been used. In detail, this model allows estimating accurately the efficiency and the torque ripple of the IPMSM, crucial parameters for transportation applications. Moreover, two traditional pulse width modulation strategies, Sinusoidal Phase-Shifted and Switching Frequency Optimal Phase-Shifted have been considered for comparison purposes with an optimized harmonic mitigation algorithm. Thus, this work provides a deep analysis of IPMSM drive performance fed by CHBMI, paying attention to various aspects such as the IPMSM efficiency, torque ripple, current, and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD). Finally, experimental investigations have been carried out to validate the analysis conducted.
{"title":"Impact Evaluation of Innovative Selective Harmonic Mitigation Algorithm for Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter on IPMSM Drive Application","authors":"G. Schettino;C. Nevoloso;R. Miceli;A.O. Di Tommaso;F. Viola","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3130288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3130288","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a detailed analysis of the use of a novel Harmonic Mitigation algorithm for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter in electrical drives for the transportation field. For this purpose, an enhanced mathematical model of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), that takes into account simultaneously saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics, and iron loss effects, has been used. In detail, this model allows estimating accurately the efficiency and the torque ripple of the IPMSM, crucial parameters for transportation applications. Moreover, two traditional pulse width modulation strategies, Sinusoidal Phase-Shifted and Switching Frequency Optimal Phase-Shifted have been considered for comparison purposes with an optimized harmonic mitigation algorithm. Thus, this work provides a deep analysis of IPMSM drive performance fed by CHBMI, paying attention to various aspects such as the IPMSM efficiency, torque ripple, current, and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD). Finally, experimental investigations have been carried out to validate the analysis conducted.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"347-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09626621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50328370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3129260
Yuqi Wei;Zhiqing Wang;Quanming Luo;H. Alan Mantooth
LLC resonant converters have been widely adopted in many different industrial applications due to their characteristics of high efficiency and high power density. Simulation tools are of great importance for the analysis and design of LLC resonant converters. For example, many LLC design methods require massive simulations to finalize the circuit parameters, iterations are necessary, which can be tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, in this work, accurate and complete steady state simulation tools based on MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) are designed for LLC resonant converters. All common and possible operation modes and LLC converter topologies are included in the designed simulation tools, which makes them practical for different applications and operation conditions. An improved mode judgement method and guidelines for initial point setting are proposed to ensure fast simulation speed. More than that, the key circuit voltage and current values are summarized for the user to evaluate the converter performance, which is more convenient than commercial simulation software. Moreover, the designed simulation tools are suitable and convenient for automatic converter parameter design.
{"title":"MATLAB GUI Based Steady State Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Simulation Tools for Different LLC Converters With all Operation Modes","authors":"Yuqi Wei;Zhiqing Wang;Quanming Luo;H. Alan Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3129260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3129260","url":null,"abstract":"LLC resonant converters have been widely adopted in many different industrial applications due to their characteristics of high efficiency and high power density. Simulation tools are of great importance for the analysis and design of LLC resonant converters. For example, many LLC design methods require massive simulations to finalize the circuit parameters, iterations are necessary, which can be tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, in this work, accurate and complete steady state simulation tools based on MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) are designed for LLC resonant converters. All common and possible operation modes and LLC converter topologies are included in the designed simulation tools, which makes them practical for different applications and operation conditions. An improved mode judgement method and guidelines for initial point setting are proposed to ensure fast simulation speed. More than that, the key circuit voltage and current values are summarized for the user to evaluate the converter performance, which is more convenient than commercial simulation software. Moreover, the designed simulation tools are suitable and convenient for automatic converter parameter design.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"320-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09622155.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50328304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121401
Shuyao Wang;Yiwei Ma;Jingxin Wang;Leon M. Tolbert;Fred Wang
A variable speed drive (VSD) based induction motor power emulator is presented in this paper, which is intended to be used in a real-time multi-converter-based hardware testbed (HTB) system. The presented HTB load emulator can accurately reflect the dynamic performance of a VSD-based load with multiple control algorithms without requiring significant computational resources and simulation time. Therefore, the developed VSD load emulator can not only mimic VSD-driven motor load performance, but also can be flexibly integrated into electric power grid emulators or simulators, which enable more detailed power grid analyses by providing a more accurate model for this particular type of load. This paper discusses the specification of the developed VSD-based load emulator, including multiple control schemes, and the physical realization in a power grid emulator. Finally, the accuracy of the VSD load emulator is demonstrated with experimental results.
{"title":"Variable Speed Drive Connected Motor Load Emulator for a Multi-Converter-Based Hardware Testbed System","authors":"Shuyao Wang;Yiwei Ma;Jingxin Wang;Leon M. Tolbert;Fred Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121401","url":null,"abstract":"A variable speed drive (VSD) based induction motor power emulator is presented in this paper, which is intended to be used in a real-time multi-converter-based hardware testbed (HTB) system. The presented HTB load emulator can accurately reflect the dynamic performance of a VSD-based load with multiple control algorithms without requiring significant computational resources and simulation time. Therefore, the developed VSD load emulator can not only mimic VSD-driven motor load performance, but also can be flexibly integrated into electric power grid emulators or simulators, which enable more detailed power grid analyses by providing a more accurate model for this particular type of load. This paper discusses the specification of the developed VSD-based load emulator, including multiple control schemes, and the physical realization in a power grid emulator. Finally, the accuracy of the VSD load emulator is demonstrated with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09582843.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50328371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121319
Hans Bärnklau;Michaela Harnisch;Jens Proske
This paper deals with medium frequency resonance effects in electrical machine windings, which can be excited by harmonic components of voltage source converters. The topic is getting more and more relevant with steadily increasing switching frequencies. For squirrel-cage induction machines with form-wound coils an algorithm is presented, which allows the prediction of first machine differential mode resonance frequencies already at design stage. Examples of the experimental model verification and interpretation of resonance frequencies complete the article.
{"title":"On Medium Frequency Differential Mode Resonance Effects in Electric Machines","authors":"Hans Bärnklau;Michaela Harnisch;Jens Proske","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3121319","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with medium frequency resonance effects in electrical machine windings, which can be excited by harmonic components of voltage source converters. The topic is getting more and more relevant with steadily increasing switching frequencies. For squirrel-cage induction machines with form-wound coils an algorithm is presented, which allows the prediction of first machine differential mode resonance frequencies already at design stage. Examples of the experimental model verification and interpretation of resonance frequencies complete the article.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09580596.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50328305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120427
D. Xiao;K. S. Alam;R. Dutta;M. F. Rahman
The high number ofsensors, ten in total, required by the traditional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy of a four-leg inverter with LC output filter increases the complexity and cost of the system and limits the practical application and commercialization. To simplify the implementation, reduce the cost and enhance the reliability, a novel current sensorless predictive load voltage control scheme, with only four voltage sensors and no current sensors, is proposed in this work. A new dynamic model of the LC filtered four-leg inverter is constructed in the stationary ( $alpha beta gamma$ ) reference frame for the proposed load voltage and capacitor current observer. The dual-boundary-layer nonlinear feedback is combined with a linear feedback term to enhance the robustness while retaining the accuracy of the observer. Extensive experiments are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The results validate that the proposed sensor-less FCS-MPC with only four voltage sensors achieves an equivalent performance to the conventional FCS-MPC with ten sensors.
{"title":"Reduced-Sensors-Based Predictive Controller for LC Filtered Four-Leg Inverters","authors":"D. Xiao;K. S. Alam;R. Dutta;M. F. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120427","url":null,"abstract":"The high number ofsensors, ten in total, required by the traditional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy of a four-leg inverter with LC output filter increases the complexity and cost of the system and limits the practical application and commercialization. To simplify the implementation, reduce the cost and enhance the reliability, a novel current sensorless predictive load voltage control scheme, with only four voltage sensors and no current sensors, is proposed in this work. A new dynamic model of the LC filtered four-leg inverter is constructed in the stationary (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$alpha beta gamma$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) reference frame for the proposed load voltage and capacitor current observer. The dual-boundary-layer nonlinear feedback is combined with a linear feedback term to enhance the robustness while retaining the accuracy of the observer. Extensive experiments are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The results validate that the proposed sensor-less FCS-MPC with only four voltage sensors achieves an equivalent performance to the conventional FCS-MPC with ten sensors.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09576646.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50326994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120114
P. K. Ngongo;M. T. E. Kahn
A challenge for industries nowadaysis to enhance the functionality of their critical processes. Based on their design specifications and accuracies expected, these processes often tend to have a low tolerance to power disturbances. They require a high integrity power supply to guarantee their correct functioning, increase their robustness against the damaging effect of these disturbances. Network instability, lower energy availability, and poor power quality cannot guarantee this integrity of supply. The old coal-fired power stations have reached the end of their lives, and their reliability has decayed. The country now faces a major electricity crisis, which is why many industries are looking for systems that reduce their reliance on the national grid. The concept of critical power is going through a period of rapid changes. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are required to increase their availability and manageability of power. Facilities are, therefore, called to revisit their concept of critical power and develop new supply methodologies. There is now a strong need to bring up innovative ways that dispatch the battery stored energy differently. Facilities must continually evaluate their time of energy use in relation to their tariff structures for better energy management and costs control. Time-of-use tariffs are structured to reward consumer who lowers their consumption during peak periods. The paper will present a comprehensive assessment that offers a site-specific solution to strengthen energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprint [24]. It will evaluate the financial impact that tariff structures and various modelled energy dispatch have on the facility energy budget.
{"title":"Smart Use of Lithium-Ion-Based Static UPS System: Impact of Storage Capacity and Utility Tariff on the Total Cost of Ownership","authors":"P. K. Ngongo;M. T. E. Kahn","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2021.3120114","url":null,"abstract":"A challenge for industries nowadaysis to enhance the functionality of their critical processes. Based on their design specifications and accuracies expected, these processes often tend to have a low tolerance to power disturbances. They require a high integrity power supply to guarantee their correct functioning, increase their robustness against the damaging effect of these disturbances. Network instability, lower energy availability, and poor power quality cannot guarantee this integrity of supply. The old coal-fired power stations have reached the end of their lives, and their reliability has decayed. The country now faces a major electricity crisis, which is why many industries are looking for systems that reduce their reliance on the national grid. The concept of critical power is going through a period of rapid changes. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are required to increase their availability and manageability of power. Facilities are, therefore, called to revisit their concept of critical power and develop new supply methodologies. There is now a strong need to bring up innovative ways that dispatch the battery stored energy differently. Facilities must continually evaluate their time of energy use in relation to their tariff structures for better energy management and costs control. Time-of-use tariffs are structured to reward consumer who lowers their consumption during peak periods. The paper will present a comprehensive assessment that offers a site-specific solution to strengthen energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprint [24]. It will evaluate the financial impact that tariff structures and various modelled energy dispatch have on the facility energy budget.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"2 ","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782707/9329249/09573386.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50326993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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