Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3637381
Salvatore Guaiana;Nicola Panzavecchia;Giovanni Artale;Antonio Cataliotti;Vito Ditta;Valentina Cosentino;Giovanni Tinè;Dario Di Cara
This article presents new devices and communication architecture for monitoring and controlling distributed generation (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS) in a smart grid. Different communication means, including power line communications, and protocols are presented, which can be adopted for the distribution power system, where DG and ESS are usually connected. The new devices allow the distribution system operator (DSO) to remotely monitor all DGs and ESSs connected to a secondary substation and to remotely interact with each of them with Modbus commands. The proposed communication link was tested, measuring the communication latency, success rate, and bit error rate. Moreover, a test of the whole architecture was carried out, including the power converter and ESS. The results show how DSO can change the power flow, injecting or storing energy in a very short time, confirming the possible contribution of ESS to distribution network management and stability.
{"title":"Implementation and Experimental Validation of a PLC-Based Infrastructure for Distributed Generation and Storage Systems Remote Management","authors":"Salvatore Guaiana;Nicola Panzavecchia;Giovanni Artale;Antonio Cataliotti;Vito Ditta;Valentina Cosentino;Giovanni Tinè;Dario Di Cara","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3637381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3637381","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents new devices and communication architecture for monitoring and controlling distributed generation (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS) in a smart grid. Different communication means, including power line communications, and protocols are presented, which can be adopted for the distribution power system, where DG and ESS are usually connected. The new devices allow the distribution system operator (DSO) to remotely monitor all DGs and ESSs connected to a secondary substation and to remotely interact with each of them with Modbus commands. The proposed communication link was tested, measuring the communication latency, success rate, and bit error rate. Moreover, a test of the whole architecture was carried out, including the power converter and ESS. The results show how DSO can change the power flow, injecting or storing energy in a very short time, confirming the possible contribution of ESS to distribution network management and stability.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11269769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636406
Ryno Gerber;Maarten Jan Kamper
With the recent proliferation in penetration levels of converter-based grid-connected wind turbine systems, a decrease in grid strength has been observed. In pursuit of improving grid strength and power quality, the newly proposed slip-synchronous wind turbine system (SS-WTS) is employed, whereby a synchronous generator (SG) is directly connected to the grid and damping is provided through the use of a slip permanent magnet coupling (S-PMC). However, the proper operation of the turbine drivetrain has yet to be fully investigated under transient loading conditions. This article examines various drivetrain topologies to ensure the optimal placement of the S-PMC for stability and load mitigation. From the stability analysis, various S-PMC slip ranges, SG synchronous reactance values and inertia ratios between the turbine hub and SG rotor were evaluated. This led to more thorough design criteria being established to ensure the proper stability of the SS-WTS under transient conditions, with specific regard to low-voltage ride-throughs (LVRTs). This article found that, although connecting the SS-WTS to the grid is a feasible solution to improve grid strength, instability is observed under certain transient conditions, such as LVRTs. It was noted that direct-drive SS-WTSs are less susceptible to transient instability, as they possess a far larger inertia ratio between the wind turbine and the SG rotor. This article found the optimal slip and synchronous reactance for all SS-WTS variants, where stability under all transient conditions is dependent on the turbine’s rated torque, the turbine’s inertia and the SG inertia. This made it possible to formulate adequate design criteria based on the application and capability needs of the SS-WTS.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Grid-Strengthening Geared Direct Grid-Connected Dual-Speed Slip-Synchronous Wind Turbines","authors":"Ryno Gerber;Maarten Jan Kamper","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636406","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent proliferation in penetration levels of converter-based grid-connected wind turbine systems, a decrease in grid strength has been observed. In pursuit of improving grid strength and power quality, the newly proposed slip-synchronous wind turbine system (SS-WTS) is employed, whereby a synchronous generator (SG) is directly connected to the grid and damping is provided through the use of a slip permanent magnet coupling (S-PMC). However, the proper operation of the turbine drivetrain has yet to be fully investigated under transient loading conditions. This article examines various drivetrain topologies to ensure the optimal placement of the S-PMC for stability and load mitigation. From the stability analysis, various S-PMC slip ranges, SG synchronous reactance values and inertia ratios between the turbine hub and SG rotor were evaluated. This led to more thorough design criteria being established to ensure the proper stability of the SS-WTS under transient conditions, with specific regard to low-voltage ride-throughs (LVRTs). This article found that, although connecting the SS-WTS to the grid is a feasible solution to improve grid strength, instability is observed under certain transient conditions, such as LVRTs. It was noted that direct-drive SS-WTSs are less susceptible to transient instability, as they possess a far larger inertia ratio between the wind turbine and the SG rotor. This article found the optimal slip and synchronous reactance for all SS-WTS variants, where stability under all transient conditions is dependent on the turbine’s rated torque, the turbine’s inertia and the SG inertia. This made it possible to formulate adequate design criteria based on the application and capability needs of the SS-WTS.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"3-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11264835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power electronic systems are widely used for efficient power processing across various applications. However, due to their nonlinear behavior and susceptibility to disturbances, modeling and simulation are essential for fully understanding their complex interactions. The waveform relaxation (WR) method is employed to solve subsystems independently, with data exchanged until convergence is reached, offering flexibility in selecting solvers and integration techniques. In power electronics, applying the WR method with time windowing improves simulation stability and accuracy by introducing an equation to determine the optimal number of time windows. A time windowing technique is proposed, for the first time, for the cosimulation of a closed-loop power circuit divided into a first subsystem (converter) and a second subsystem (proportional–integral controller). These two subsystems are supposed to be designed by two different entities, which are not allowed to exchange their respective models for intellectual property reasons. The time windowing WR method is applied to transfer the data from subsystem 1 to 2. More importantly, an analytical model for the implementation of a time windowing WR technique is developed. This equation allows a deterministic choice of the number of time windows at each iteration, for convergence, based on windowing size and simulation parameters. Results show consistent output within a specified voltage range, with reduced CPU simulation time compared to cosimulation with an arbitrary selection of numbers of time windows, while being comparable to the full system simulation. The proposed technique is implemented with an input voltage range of 1.8–3 V, resulting in consistent outputs of 3.3 V in both continuous-time and discrete-time simulation modes. The comparative analysis demonstrates that with an increased number of iterations, the elapsed time is 11.1% and 5.6% faster for continuous-time and discrete-time simulation modes, respectively, compared to a cosimulation with time windows. Furthermore, the time windowing WR method closely aligns with the full system result, with only a slight difference in elapsed time. In addition, to validate the proposed analytical model using the time windowing WR technique in a closed-loop circuit, the buck converter is evaluated and compared without the full system. These results highlight the accuracy of WR with time windowing method and illustrate the quicker convergence achieved when used in circuit cosimulation.
{"title":"Optimization of Time Windowing Technique for Closed-Loop Circuit Cosimulation Using WR Method","authors":"Md Moktarul Alam;Mohsen Koohestani;Mohammed Ramdani;Philippe Besnier;Richard Perdriau","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636063","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic systems are widely used for efficient power processing across various applications. However, due to their nonlinear behavior and susceptibility to disturbances, modeling and simulation are essential for fully understanding their complex interactions. The waveform relaxation (WR) method is employed to solve subsystems independently, with data exchanged until convergence is reached, offering flexibility in selecting solvers and integration techniques. In power electronics, applying the WR method with time windowing improves simulation stability and accuracy by introducing an equation to determine the optimal number of time windows. A time windowing technique is proposed, for the first time, for the cosimulation of a closed-loop power circuit divided into a first subsystem (converter) and a second subsystem (proportional–integral controller). These two subsystems are supposed to be designed by two different entities, which are not allowed to exchange their respective models for intellectual property reasons. The time windowing WR method is applied to transfer the data from subsystem 1 to 2. More importantly, an analytical model for the implementation of a time windowing WR technique is developed. This equation allows a deterministic choice of the number of time windows at each iteration, for convergence, based on windowing size and simulation parameters. Results show consistent output within a specified voltage range, with reduced CPU simulation time compared to cosimulation with an arbitrary selection of numbers of time windows, while being comparable to the full system simulation. The proposed technique is implemented with an input voltage range of 1.8–3 V, resulting in consistent outputs of 3.3 V in both continuous-time and discrete-time simulation modes. The comparative analysis demonstrates that with an increased number of iterations, the elapsed time is 11.1% and 5.6% faster for continuous-time and discrete-time simulation modes, respectively, compared to a cosimulation with time windows. Furthermore, the time windowing WR method closely aligns with the full system result, with only a slight difference in elapsed time. In addition, to validate the proposed analytical model using the time windowing WR technique in a closed-loop circuit, the buck converter is evaluated and compared without the full system. These results highlight the accuracy of WR with time windowing method and illustrate the quicker convergence achieved when used in circuit cosimulation.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"852-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11266946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The parallel connection of interleaved H-bridges (HBs) is widely used in high-current low-ripple applications, such as particle accelerators and nuclear fusion systems, to handle the high-energy requirements and the four-quadrant functioning of the power converters. This parallel HB approach leverages low-power-rated semiconductors, while the interleaving technique offers output current ripple cancellation. The connection of a generic number of parallel HBs sharing a common dc bus is indicated as the common dc-bus configuration (CDC), whereas the configuration with galvanically isolated dc buses is referred to as the split dc-bus configuration (SDC). This article investigates both CDC and SDC topologies and compares the HB currents, the RMS of the HB currents, the RMS of the nonzero frequency component of the HB current, and the associated losses of the power converter. Specifically, the RMS of the nonzero frequency component of the current in CDC, which differs from that in SDC due to the presence of circulating current, is validated experimentally over specific sets of parallel HBs and gain ratios. The normalization of the RMS current in CDC is discussed to decouple the effect of the circulating current from the output current. Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of CDC and SDC, an algorithm is proposed to automatically select the most appropriate topology for the power converter. The functionality of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through illustrative design cases and validated numerically under varying system parameters and algorithm inputs, highlighting its robustness and adaptability.
{"title":"Topology Selection Algorithm for Interleaved H-Bridge Converters in Particle Accelerator and Nuclear Fusion Applications","authors":"Bhavana Gudala;Riccardo Mandrioli;Felice Liccardo;Vincenzo Cirimele","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3636052","url":null,"abstract":"The parallel connection of interleaved H-bridges (HBs) is widely used in high-current low-ripple applications, such as particle accelerators and nuclear fusion systems, to handle the high-energy requirements and the four-quadrant functioning of the power converters. This parallel HB approach leverages low-power-rated semiconductors, while the interleaving technique offers output current ripple cancellation. The connection of a generic number of parallel HBs sharing a common dc bus is indicated as the common dc-bus configuration (CDC), whereas the configuration with galvanically isolated dc buses is referred to as the split dc-bus configuration (SDC). This article investigates both CDC and SDC topologies and compares the HB currents, the RMS of the HB currents, the RMS of the nonzero frequency component of the HB current, and the associated losses of the power converter. Specifically, the RMS of the nonzero frequency component of the current in CDC, which differs from that in SDC due to the presence of circulating current, is validated experimentally over specific sets of parallel HBs and gain ratios. The normalization of the RMS current in CDC is discussed to decouple the effect of the circulating current from the output current. Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of CDC and SDC, an algorithm is proposed to automatically select the most appropriate topology for the power converter. The functionality of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through illustrative design cases and validated numerically under varying system parameters and algorithm inputs, highlighting its robustness and adaptability.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"809-820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11266954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635891
Seyed Hossein Aleyasin;Fausto Stella;Radu Bojoi;Enrico Vico;Chaohui Liu
DC-link capacitors are among the most critical components in traction inverters, with a high likelihood of failure. Effective condition monitoring (CM) of these capacitors is crucial for improving converter reliability and preventing catastrophic failures. This article presents a cost-effective and reliable methodology for evaluating the health state of film capacitors used as dc-link in traction inverters. The proposed approach uses a controlled discharge test to track capacitance variations over time, which can be used as an indirect indicator of the capacitor’s health state. Key advantages of this technique include the minimal additional component requirements for cost efficiency, strong noise immunity, and high precision. Furthermore, the proposed aging detection test can be fully automated without requiring the removal of the capacitor or modifications to the converter’s power stage. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
{"title":"A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for Condition Monitoring of Inverter DC-Link Film Capacitors Based on Capacitance Variation","authors":"Seyed Hossein Aleyasin;Fausto Stella;Radu Bojoi;Enrico Vico;Chaohui Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635891","url":null,"abstract":"DC-link capacitors are among the most critical components in traction inverters, with a high likelihood of failure. Effective condition monitoring (CM) of these capacitors is crucial for improving converter reliability and preventing catastrophic failures. This article presents a cost-effective and reliable methodology for evaluating the health state of film capacitors used as dc-link in traction inverters. The proposed approach uses a controlled discharge test to track capacitance variations over time, which can be used as an indirect indicator of the capacitor’s health state. Key advantages of this technique include the minimal additional component requirements for cost efficiency, strong noise immunity, and high precision. Furthermore, the proposed aging detection test can be fully automated without requiring the removal of the capacitor or modifications to the converter’s power stage. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"867-876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11266941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635867
Aqeel Ur Rahman;Nicola Campagna;Filippo Pellitteri;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Rosario Miceli
In this article, the control of a photovalatic (PV)-battery-based dc microgrid is presented to power an electrolyzer-based hydrogen system. The three-phase interleaving topology is considered for three different converters: an interleaving boost converter, an interleaving four-switch single-inductor buck–boost converter, and an interleaving buck converter. MPPT and droop-based control are recommended for maximum power extraction from the PV system and regulation of the dc-bus voltage. A cascaded hybrid nonlinear controller is developed for current and voltage control, merging the advantages of both linear and nonlinear control theory. The design ensures an uninterrupted power supply to the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The algorithm is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated through rapid control prototyping using a TI C2000 microcontroller unit (MCU) and a Typhoon 404 device for real-time results. Moreover, a comparative analysis with other state-of-the-art control structures is also presented to show the efficiency of the proposed controller. The simulation results, comparative analysis, and hardware results under different conditions confirm the adaptability of the proposed control algorithms for real applications.
{"title":"Cascaded Lyapunov-Based Hybrid Control of Multiphase Interleaving Converters for Power-to-Hydrogen in DC Microgrid","authors":"Aqeel Ur Rahman;Nicola Campagna;Filippo Pellitteri;Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso;Rosario Miceli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3635867","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the control of a photovalatic (PV)-battery-based dc microgrid is presented to power an electrolyzer-based hydrogen system. The three-phase interleaving topology is considered for three different converters: an interleaving boost converter, an interleaving four-switch single-inductor buck–boost converter, and an interleaving buck converter. MPPT and droop-based control are recommended for maximum power extraction from the PV system and regulation of the dc-bus voltage. A cascaded hybrid nonlinear controller is developed for current and voltage control, merging the advantages of both linear and nonlinear control theory. The design ensures an uninterrupted power supply to the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The algorithm is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated through rapid control prototyping using a TI C2000 microcontroller unit (MCU) and a Typhoon 404 device for real-time results. Moreover, a comparative analysis with other state-of-the-art control structures is also presented to show the efficiency of the proposed controller. The simulation results, comparative analysis, and hardware results under different conditions confirm the adaptability of the proposed control algorithms for real applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"836-851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11266901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3633191
Byungchul Kim
Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is effective for addressing optimal power flow (OPF) convex optimization. However, ADMM significant drawback is absence of guaranteed convergence. Considering OPF interactions resulting from the unstable voltage relationship among energy storage system-photovoltaic (ESS-PV) inverters, a steady state voltage security area is established for these inverters. To assess the voltage security margin between the operational state and the security boundary, a voltage excursion indicator is proposed for processing OPF within the local area. The proposed approach enables a fully guaranteed convergence and optimized power flow within a decentralized distributed energy management framework, systematically via multiblock ADMM handling of large-scale and distributed data via energy internet. This approach guaranteed convergence of OPF via local consensus control by distributed ESS-PV systems with energy internet via all-to-all communication between centralized energy managers and inverters. Simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed approach.
{"title":"Cloud Energy Internet Based High Optimum Control of Residential ESS-PV Inverters in Local Power Systems","authors":"Byungchul Kim","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3633191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3633191","url":null,"abstract":"Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is effective for addressing optimal power flow (OPF) convex optimization. However, ADMM significant drawback is absence of guaranteed convergence. Considering OPF interactions resulting from the unstable voltage relationship among energy storage system-photovoltaic (ESS-PV) inverters, a steady state voltage security area is established for these inverters. To assess the voltage security margin between the operational state and the security boundary, a voltage excursion indicator is proposed for processing OPF within the local area. The proposed approach enables a fully guaranteed convergence and optimized power flow within a decentralized distributed energy management framework, systematically via multiblock ADMM handling of large-scale and distributed data via energy internet. This approach guaranteed convergence of OPF via local consensus control by distributed ESS-PV systems with energy internet via all-to-all communication between centralized energy managers and inverters. Simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"821-835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11250528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3627886
Wisam Ali Mohamad Issa;Luigi Galotto Junior;Leon M. Tolbert;João Onofre Pereira Pinto
This work presents an analysis of the reduction in energy generation of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their compliance with the IEEE 1547 voltage–reactive power mode control, also known as volt-var, exposing the linkage of this phenomenon with factors such as the strength of the feeder, loading conditions, and the distributed generation penetration. In this study, two batches of three sequences of full-year simulations were conducted using the open-source software OpenDSS in co-simulation with MATLAB, involving three different feeders with and without tap changers activated over different penetration levels of PVs. In order to adequately simulate the time series of annual solar irradiance, a model of solar transposition and a methodology for the choice of the solar panels' tilt angle were adopted in conjunction with a solar radiation dataset obtained from the National Solar Research Database. One notable finding is that for a given feeder, there is an optimal penetration percentage at which the required relative curtailment is minimized. Below this condition, the loss of generation opportunity is mostly caused by the feeder's own voltage regulation issues (i.e., those that happen without PVs), while above it, loss of generation is mostly caused by reverse power flow. It was observed that weak feeders tend to have higher levels of curtailment under both low and high penetration percentages, while strong feeders may share the same conclusion for low levels only. Seasonal variation of available solar irradiation has a measurable influence on the curtailment. Fixed capacitor banks significantly reduce the generation curtailment due to voltage support compliance from the PV inverters when their penetration level is low, while the expected curtailment for high levels of penetration is much lower than anticipated. Although tap changers are capable of reducing the effort demanded from most of the distributed generation inverters, in some cases, they can also increase the effort from others located in specific regions outside of their effective sections. This study makes three main contributions: 1) it integrates IEEE 1547 compliance, feeder loading/strength, distributed energy resource (DER) penetration, and real irradiance models into a long-term simulation framework; 2) it provides practical insights that can support standard setting, distribution system planning, and inverter programming; and 3) it enables the estimation of hosting capacity based on the maximum curtailment tolerable for consumer-owned DERs, thereby supporting technical and economic investment analyses.
{"title":"Analysis of IEEE 1547 Voltage–Reactive Power Mode Control Impact on the Energy Generation Curtailment of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Wisam Ali Mohamad Issa;Luigi Galotto Junior;Leon M. Tolbert;João Onofre Pereira Pinto","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3627886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3627886","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an analysis of the reduction in energy generation of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their compliance with the IEEE 1547 voltage–reactive power mode control, also known as volt-var, exposing the linkage of this phenomenon with factors such as the strength of the feeder, loading conditions, and the distributed generation penetration. In this study, two batches of three sequences of full-year simulations were conducted using the open-source software OpenDSS in co-simulation with MATLAB, involving three different feeders with and without tap changers activated over different penetration levels of PVs. In order to adequately simulate the time series of annual solar irradiance, a model of solar transposition and a methodology for the choice of the solar panels' tilt angle were adopted in conjunction with a solar radiation dataset obtained from the National Solar Research Database. One notable finding is that for a given feeder, there is an optimal penetration percentage at which the required relative curtailment is minimized. Below this condition, the loss of generation opportunity is mostly caused by the feeder's own voltage regulation issues (i.e., those that happen without PVs), while above it, loss of generation is mostly caused by reverse power flow. It was observed that weak feeders tend to have higher levels of curtailment under both low and high penetration percentages, while strong feeders may share the same conclusion for low levels only. Seasonal variation of available solar irradiation has a measurable influence on the curtailment. Fixed capacitor banks significantly reduce the generation curtailment due to voltage support compliance from the PV inverters when their penetration level is low, while the expected curtailment for high levels of penetration is much lower than anticipated. Although tap changers are capable of reducing the effort demanded from most of the distributed generation inverters, in some cases, they can also increase the effort from others located in specific regions outside of their effective sections. This study makes three main contributions: 1) it integrates IEEE 1547 compliance, feeder loading/strength, distributed energy resource (DER) penetration, and real irradiance models into a long-term simulation framework; 2) it provides practical insights that can support standard setting, distribution system planning, and inverter programming; and 3) it enables the estimation of hosting capacity based on the maximum curtailment tolerable for consumer-owned DERs, thereby supporting technical and economic investment analyses.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"7 ","pages":"48-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rise of the carbon neutrality strategy, there has been a global push to harness clean energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower, which are often located in remote areas from central cities. Long-distance transmission lines traverse various complex terrains, potentially crossing regions in China with altitudes ranging from 0 to 4800 m. In this context, this article focuses on studying the corona inception characteristics of large transmission line fittings at different altitudes. First, the corona characteristics of transmission line fittings at altitudes of 60 and 4350 m are examined. The study obtained corona inception electric field characteristics for fittings with different type and size. In addition, to understand the corona inception characteristics of fittings at intermediate altitudes, simulated altitude tests were conducted in an artificial climate laboratory. Based on these experimental results, this study provides recommended fitting parameters for transmission lines at various altitudes. Furthermore, considering that transmission towers, especially tension towers with special conductor structures, may exhibit increased corona characteristics due to conductor bending, the impact of jump lines on corona discharge characteristics in high altitude areas was also investigated. The series of conductor parameters obtained will benefit the construction of transmission lines in various regions globally.
{"title":"Corona Discharge Characteristics and Size Optimization of Large Fittings for Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Lines up to 4800 m","authors":"Changzhi Peng;Liang Xie;Xuekai Pei;Xuzhu Dong;Pengkang Xie","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3627507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3627507","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of the carbon neutrality strategy, there has been a global push to harness clean energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower, which are often located in remote areas from central cities. Long-distance transmission lines traverse various complex terrains, potentially crossing regions in China with altitudes ranging from 0 to 4800 m. In this context, this article focuses on studying the corona inception characteristics of large transmission line fittings at different altitudes. First, the corona characteristics of transmission line fittings at altitudes of 60 and 4350 m are examined. The study obtained corona inception electric field characteristics for fittings with different type and size. In addition, to understand the corona inception characteristics of fittings at intermediate altitudes, simulated altitude tests were conducted in an artificial climate laboratory. Based on these experimental results, this study provides recommended fitting parameters for transmission lines at various altitudes. Furthermore, considering that transmission towers, especially tension towers with special conductor structures, may exhibit increased corona characteristics due to conductor bending, the impact of jump lines on corona discharge characteristics in high altitude areas was also investigated. The series of conductor parameters obtained will benefit the construction of transmission lines in various regions globally.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"799-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11223115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735
Diego Di Lallo;Rashida Khalid;Vincenzo Catania;M. Jibran S. Zuberi;Carmen L.T. Borges;Norma Anglani
This article presents an optimal management strategy, first, to better deploy an overproduction from a photovoltaic power plant, along with hydrogen storage, second, by reorganizing all the energy flows and using a combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) plant to decrease the primary energy consumption, and, third, without deteriorating the carbon footprint of the facility. The scope is to show how to support an industrial application of green hydrogen from an energy management and decarbonization standpoint. The main hydrogen production techniques are investigated, and the results are compared and validated by literature. A two-years monitoring campaign at a dairy firm consuming electricity, heat, and cooling energy is the test bed of the study: the best configuration consists of a CCHP plant with a green Hydrogen-based energy storage system, which depending on the season, is able to save between 40% and 42% in terms of operative costs, a range in the emissions between 1% and 12%. Only the primary energy consumption slightly increase in summer (+0.2 toe/day).
{"title":"Development of the Hydrogen Supply Chain to Support a CCHP Plant With PV Overproduction Test Bed on a Dairy Firm","authors":"Diego Di Lallo;Rashida Khalid;Vincenzo Catania;M. Jibran S. Zuberi;Carmen L.T. Borges;Norma Anglani","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an optimal management strategy, first, to better deploy an overproduction from a photovoltaic power plant, along with hydrogen storage, second, by reorganizing all the energy flows and using a combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) plant to decrease the primary energy consumption, and, third, without deteriorating the carbon footprint of the facility. The scope is to show how to support an industrial application of <italic>green</i> hydrogen from an energy management and decarbonization standpoint. The main hydrogen production techniques are investigated, and the results are compared and validated by literature. A two-years monitoring campaign at a dairy firm consuming electricity, heat, and cooling energy is the test bed of the study: the best configuration consists of a CCHP plant with a green Hydrogen-based energy storage system, which depending on the season, is able to save between 40% and 42% in terms of operative costs, a range in the emissions between 1% and 12%. Only the primary energy consumption slightly increase in summer (+0.2 toe/day).","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"772-784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11218018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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