Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735
Diego Di Lallo;Rashida Khalid;Vincenzo Catania;M. Jibran S. Zuberi;Carmen L.T. Borges;Norma Anglani
This article presents an optimal management strategy, first, to better deploy an overproduction from a photovoltaic power plant, along with hydrogen storage, second, by reorganizing all the energy flows and using a combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) plant to decrease the primary energy consumption, and, third, without deteriorating the carbon footprint of the facility. The scope is to show how to support an industrial application of green hydrogen from an energy management and decarbonization standpoint. The main hydrogen production techniques are investigated, and the results are compared and validated by literature. A two-years monitoring campaign at a dairy firm consuming electricity, heat, and cooling energy is the test bed of the study: the best configuration consists of a CCHP plant with a green Hydrogen-based energy storage system, which depending on the season, is able to save between 40% and 42% in terms of operative costs, a range in the emissions between 1% and 12%. Only the primary energy consumption slightly increase in summer (+0.2 toe/day).
{"title":"Development of the Hydrogen Supply Chain to Support a CCHP Plant With PV Overproduction Test Bed on a Dairy Firm","authors":"Diego Di Lallo;Rashida Khalid;Vincenzo Catania;M. Jibran S. Zuberi;Carmen L.T. Borges;Norma Anglani","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3625735","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an optimal management strategy, first, to better deploy an overproduction from a photovoltaic power plant, along with hydrogen storage, second, by reorganizing all the energy flows and using a combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) plant to decrease the primary energy consumption, and, third, without deteriorating the carbon footprint of the facility. The scope is to show how to support an industrial application of <italic>green</i> hydrogen from an energy management and decarbonization standpoint. The main hydrogen production techniques are investigated, and the results are compared and validated by literature. A two-years monitoring campaign at a dairy firm consuming electricity, heat, and cooling energy is the test bed of the study: the best configuration consists of a CCHP plant with a green Hydrogen-based energy storage system, which depending on the season, is able to save between 40% and 42% in terms of operative costs, a range in the emissions between 1% and 12%. Only the primary energy consumption slightly increase in summer (+0.2 toe/day).","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"772-784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11218018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623932
Little Pradhan;Abhijit Kshirsagar;D. Venkatramanan;Marco Di Benedetto;Alessandro Lidozzi
Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters are well-suited for medium-voltage charging stations because of their inherent modularity, scalability, and efficient voltage conversion capability. However, conventional level-shifted PWM (LSPWM) schemes often lead to uneven distribution of active and reactive power among individual modules. This imbalance produces nonuniform semiconductor losses, increases thermal stress, and accelerates premature failures in overstressed modules. Alternative methods, such as space-vector modulation and switching-angle adjustment, can mitigate these issues, but their computational complexity becomes prohibitive for higher-level CHB topologies. Carrier-reassignment PWM strategies, including First-In-First-Out (FIFO), provide simpler implementations but still fail to achieve complete power and loss balancing. This article contributes to the state-of-the-art in two key ways. First, it extends carrier-reassignment PWM, previously demonstrated only for 9-level CHBs, to a 17-level CHB inverter, introducing two new reassignment strategies: Type-A and Type-B. The Type-A scheme enables highly uniform real-power sharing under a unity power factor (PF). At the same time, the Type-B approach achieves balanced loss distribution across the full PF range and effectively eliminates circulating power at zero PF, surpassing existing rotation-based methods. Second, the article proposes a comprehensive validation framework that integrates analytical loss modeling of CoolSiC™ devices with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments, employing an OP4510 digital simulator and a PED-Board controller. Experimental results confirm that the proposed schemes substantially enhance both power and loss distribution, while also reducing current total harmonic distortion compared to conventional approaches. Overall, the proposed methods provide a practical pathway toward more reliable and efficient CHB converters for electric vehicle charging and medium-voltage applications.
{"title":"Module Power and Loss Balancing Through Carrier-Reassignment PWM in a 17-Level CHB Inverter","authors":"Little Pradhan;Abhijit Kshirsagar;D. Venkatramanan;Marco Di Benedetto;Alessandro Lidozzi","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623932","url":null,"abstract":"Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters are well-suited for medium-voltage charging stations because of their inherent modularity, scalability, and efficient voltage conversion capability. However, conventional level-shifted PWM (LSPWM) schemes often lead to uneven distribution of active and reactive power among individual modules. This imbalance produces nonuniform semiconductor losses, increases thermal stress, and accelerates premature failures in overstressed modules. Alternative methods, such as space-vector modulation and switching-angle adjustment, can mitigate these issues, but their computational complexity becomes prohibitive for higher-level CHB topologies. Carrier-reassignment PWM strategies, including First-In-First-Out (FIFO), provide simpler implementations but still fail to achieve complete power and loss balancing. This article contributes to the state-of-the-art in two key ways. First, it extends carrier-reassignment PWM, previously demonstrated only for 9-level CHBs, to a 17-level CHB inverter, introducing two new reassignment strategies: Type-A and Type-B. The Type-A scheme enables highly uniform real-power sharing under a unity power factor (PF). At the same time, the Type-B approach achieves balanced loss distribution across the full PF range and effectively eliminates circulating power at zero PF, surpassing existing rotation-based methods. Second, the article proposes a comprehensive validation framework that integrates analytical loss modeling of CoolSiC™ devices with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments, employing an OP4510 digital simulator and a PED-Board controller. Experimental results confirm that the proposed schemes substantially enhance both power and loss distribution, while also reducing current total harmonic distortion compared to conventional approaches. Overall, the proposed methods provide a practical pathway toward more reliable and efficient CHB converters for electric vehicle charging and medium-voltage applications.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"742-757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11214360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623936
Giovanni Marini;Nícolas Baschera;Alessandro Lidozzi;Marco di Benedetto;Luca Solero
This article introduces a novel method for self-commissioning controllers and active damping in LCL grid-tied three-phase voltage source inverters. The proposed impedance estimation method is designed with the goal of minimizing invasiveness on the grid and ultimately optimizing the result. To obtain the values of resistance and inductance, a cyclical algorithm is performed. The estimated values are then fed into the self-commissioning proportional-integral (PI) controller, in which the gains are calculated based on the current estimated values of the grid resistance and inductance, and into the self-commissioning active damping system, in which the resonance frequency is calculated using the estimated grid inductance and used to change the operating frequency of the active damping. The experimental results are obtained using hardware-in-the-loop and actual hardware. The experimental results validate the proposed estimation along with its functioning with the self-commissioning control system and active damping. The contributions of this article are a presentation of active impedance estimation, a control design that adapts PI gains based on current grid impedance estimates, and an improved active damping method using second-order Butterworth filters to enhance stability and noise mitigation.
{"title":"Multi-SIN-Based Real-Time Impedance Estimation for Self-Commissioning Controller and Active Damping in an LCL-Grid-Tied VSI","authors":"Giovanni Marini;Nícolas Baschera;Alessandro Lidozzi;Marco di Benedetto;Luca Solero","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623936","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a novel method for self-commissioning controllers and active damping in LCL grid-tied three-phase voltage source inverters. The proposed impedance estimation method is designed with the goal of minimizing invasiveness on the grid and ultimately optimizing the result. To obtain the values of resistance and inductance, a cyclical algorithm is performed. The estimated values are then fed into the self-commissioning proportional-integral (PI) controller, in which the gains are calculated based on the current estimated values of the grid resistance and inductance, and into the self-commissioning active damping system, in which the resonance frequency is calculated using the estimated grid inductance and used to change the operating frequency of the active damping. The experimental results are obtained using hardware-in-the-loop and actual hardware. The experimental results validate the proposed estimation along with its functioning with the self-commissioning control system and active damping. The contributions of this article are a presentation of active impedance estimation, a control design that adapts PI gains based on current grid impedance estimates, and an improved active damping method using second-order Butterworth filters to enhance stability and noise mitigation.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"785-798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11208693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623467
Andrea Golino;Lorenzo Frattale Mascioli;Riccardo Loggia;Cristina Moscatiello;Maria Carmen Falvo;Luigi Martirano
Increasing attention to sustainable energy solutions has rekindled the focus on microgrids integrated with vehicle-to-building (V2B) technologies, which enable bidirectional energy exchange between electric vehicles and the building grid. This article presents a model for optimizing energy exchange in the LAMBDA lab’s microgrid, consisting of photovoltaic panels, an energy storage system, and a V2B-enabled charging station. After a short review of the state of the art on V2B, including operating principles and practical applications, an innovative algorithm was developed, specifically designed to optimize building’s energy flows, with the target of increasing its efficiency and promoting its energy self-sufficiency. The microgrid is managed by a programmable logic controller with the suggested algorithm implemented in a Python model, under different operational scenarios. The simulations use realistic PV generation and consumption profiles of lab loads, randomly varying vehicle parameters such as parking duration and charge levels. The article ends with a real implementation of the algorithm on the microgrid, analysis of the results obtained, highlighting opportunities for improving the model.
{"title":"Vehicle to Building (V2B) Technologies Integrated in LVAC Microgrids: A Case Study of a Smart University Lab","authors":"Andrea Golino;Lorenzo Frattale Mascioli;Riccardo Loggia;Cristina Moscatiello;Maria Carmen Falvo;Luigi Martirano","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3623467","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing attention to sustainable energy solutions has rekindled the focus on microgrids integrated with vehicle-to-building (V2B) technologies, which enable bidirectional energy exchange between electric vehicles and the building grid. This article presents a model for optimizing energy exchange in the LAMBDA lab’s microgrid, consisting of photovoltaic panels, an energy storage system, and a V2B-enabled charging station. After a short review of the state of the art on V2B, including operating principles and practical applications, an innovative algorithm was developed, specifically designed to optimize building’s energy flows, with the target of increasing its efficiency and promoting its energy self-sufficiency. The microgrid is managed by a programmable logic controller with the suggested algorithm implemented in a Python model, under different operational scenarios. The simulations use realistic PV generation and consumption profiles of lab loads, randomly varying vehicle parameters such as parking duration and charge levels. The article ends with a real implementation of the algorithm on the microgrid, analysis of the results obtained, highlighting opportunities for improving the model.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"758-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11207720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3622910
S. A. Saleh
Common-mode voltages are considered major challenges for variable frequency electric motor drives (VFDs), including permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The switching techniques of VFD inverter have demonstrated promising abilities to reduce common-mode voltage in PMSM-VFDs. This article proposes the use of $3phi$, voltage-source, wavelet modulated six-pulse dc–ac power electronic converter (PEC) to minimize the common-mode voltage in PMSM-VFDs. The wavelet modulation technique is set to be featured with an optimized resolution-level, in order to adjust the duration and location of each ON switching pulse generated by the wavelet modulation technique. Such adjustments aim to decrease the energy present in harmonic frequencies of stator voltages, and to significantly reduce the instantaneous unbalance of stator voltages. These applied actions to stator voltages can offer minimizing the common-mode voltage without the need for filtering circuits and/or a special design of the $3phi$ dc–ac PEC comprising a PMSM-VFD. The performance of the resolution-level optimization method is experimentally tested using a 10$hp$ PMSM-VFD for various loading levels and operating speeds. Test results demonstrate that the use of a wavelet modulated dc–ac PEC with an optimized resolution-level, can have remarkable improvements on the operation of the PMSM-VFD, in terms of reduced common-mode voltages and torque pulsations. Furthermore, test results show that the resolution-level optimization method has minor effects on the actions of the PMSM-VFD controller.
共模电压被认为是变频电机驱动（vfd）的主要挑战，包括永磁同步电机（PMSM）驱动。VFD逆变器的开关技术在降低pmsm -VFD共模电压方面表现出了良好的能力。本文提出使用$3phi$电压源，小波调制的六脉冲直流-交流电力电子转换器（PEC）来降低pmsm - vfd的共模电压。为了调整小波调制技术产生的每个ON开关脉冲的持续时间和位置，将小波调制技术设置为具有优化的分辨率水平。这种调整旨在降低定子电压谐波频率中存在的能量，并显著降低定子电压的瞬时不平衡。这些作用于定子电压的动作可以提供最小的共模电压，而不需要滤波电路和/或包含PMSM-VFD的$3phi$ dc-ac PEC的特殊设计。在不同负载水平和运行速度下，采用10 hp PMSM-VFD对分辨率级优化方法的性能进行了实验测试。测试结果表明，采用优化分辨率水平的小波调制dc-ac PEC，可以显著改善PMSM-VFD的工作，降低共模电压和转矩脉动。此外，测试结果表明，分辨率级优化方法对PMSM-VFD控制器的动作影响较小。
{"title":"Minimizing the Common-Mode Voltage in Variable Frequency Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Using Resolution-Level Optimization","authors":"S. A. Saleh","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3622910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3622910","url":null,"abstract":"Common-mode voltages are considered major challenges for variable frequency electric motor drives (VFDs), including permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The switching techniques of VFD inverter have demonstrated promising abilities to reduce common-mode voltage in PMSM-VFDs. This article proposes the use of <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>, voltage-source, wavelet modulated six-pulse dc–ac power electronic converter (PEC) to minimize the common-mode voltage in PMSM-VFDs. The wavelet modulation technique is set to be featured with an optimized resolution-level, in order to adjust the duration and location of each ON switching pulse generated by the wavelet modulation technique. Such adjustments aim to decrease the energy present in harmonic frequencies of stator voltages, and to significantly reduce the instantaneous unbalance of stator voltages. These applied actions to stator voltages can offer minimizing the common-mode voltage without the need for filtering circuits and/or a special design of the <inline-formula><tex-math>$3phi$</tex-math></inline-formula> dc–ac PEC comprising a PMSM-VFD. The performance of the resolution-level optimization method is experimentally tested using a 10<inline-formula><tex-math>$hp$</tex-math></inline-formula> PMSM-VFD for various loading levels and operating speeds. Test results demonstrate that the use of a wavelet modulated dc–ac PEC with an optimized resolution-level, can have remarkable improvements on the operation of the PMSM-VFD, in terms of reduced common-mode voltages and torque pulsations. Furthermore, test results show that the resolution-level optimization method has minor effects on the actions of the PMSM-VFD controller.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"728-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11206483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3619763
Komal Khan;Islam El-Sayed;Pablo Arboleya
Fast-growing distributed energy resources, prosumers, and electric vehicles risk overloading the grid and would require costly infrastructure expansion. In this respect, local energy markets seem to be a promising solution that enables the participation of prosumers and consumers in peer-to-peer energy transactions. However, most existing solutions require substantial computational resources and detailed real-time data, limiting practical deployment on edge devices and in large-scale environments. Conventional negotiation frameworks are mainly synchronous and prepaid, lacking lightweight, scalable, postpaid, and concurrent negotiation protocols to streamline transactions and minimize communication overhead. To address these gaps, we present an advanced three-stage multiagent model for peer-to-peer energy trading within the context of local energy markets, designed for simplicity and ease of integration in resource-constrained settings. This model is strategically engineered to optimize market participation and grid support by orchestrating a one-to-many concurrent composite negotiation strategy that supports postpaid transactions. Empowered by the smart Python multiagent development environment, which harnesses the instant extensible messaging and presence communication protocol, our model ensures seamless execution of peer-to-peer energy transactions with minimal computational burden. Furthermore, the methodology presented is extremely simple and generic compared to other procedures in the literature, facilitating scalable implementation on edge devices and supporting wide real-world adoption.
{"title":"A Multiagent Framework Coordinating One-to-Many Concurrent Composite Negotiations in a Multistage Postpaid P2P Energy Trading Model","authors":"Komal Khan;Islam El-Sayed;Pablo Arboleya","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3619763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3619763","url":null,"abstract":"Fast-growing distributed energy resources, prosumers, and electric vehicles risk overloading the grid and would require costly infrastructure expansion. In this respect, local energy markets seem to be a promising solution that enables the participation of prosumers and consumers in peer-to-peer energy transactions. However, most existing solutions require substantial computational resources and detailed real-time data, limiting practical deployment on edge devices and in large-scale environments. Conventional negotiation frameworks are mainly synchronous and prepaid, lacking lightweight, scalable, postpaid, and concurrent negotiation protocols to streamline transactions and minimize communication overhead. To address these gaps, we present an advanced three-stage multiagent model for peer-to-peer energy trading within the context of local energy markets, designed for simplicity and ease of integration in resource-constrained settings. This model is strategically engineered to optimize market participation and grid support by orchestrating a one-to-many concurrent composite negotiation strategy that supports postpaid transactions. Empowered by the smart Python multiagent development environment, which harnesses the instant extensible messaging and presence communication protocol, our model ensures seamless execution of peer-to-peer energy transactions with minimal computational burden. Furthermore, the methodology presented is extremely simple and generic compared to other procedures in the literature, facilitating scalable implementation on edge devices and supporting wide real-world adoption.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"717-727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3618191
Kaif Ahmed Lodi;Khaled Ali Al Jaafari;Abdul R. Beig
This article presents an improved duty-ratio-based direct torque control (Duty-DTC) scheme for open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drives. Unlike conventional DTC (CDTC), which applies a single voltage vector over the entire sampling interval, the proposed method adjusts the duty ratio of the active voltage vector based on the instantaneous torque error. A computationally efficient and robust algorithm is developed to determine the optimal duty ratio, achieving reductions in torque ripple, flux ripple, and switching frequency variations while preserving the transient response of CDTC. A torque reference compensation method is introduced to mitigate the steady-state torque error caused by variations in motor speed. A novel switching state optimization method is used, in which the dwell time of the zero-voltage vector is split into two equal intervals and the active voltage vector is placed at the center of the switching interval, further improving the steady-state error and ripples. The proposed Duty-DTC algorithm is verified experimentally under various operating conditions using a 5-kW OEWIM drive laboratory prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 2.41%, 3.8%, and 4.5% torque ripple at 60 r/min, 720 r/min, and 1440 r/min, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed Duty-DTC in reducing torque ripples. The comparative results demonstrate a 85% reduction in torque ripple without an increase in computational time and complexity compared to CDTC. The results also show that the proposed algorithm achieves performance comparable to that of artificial neural network-based Duty-DTC algorithms, but with reduced computational time and complexity.
{"title":"Improved Duty Ratio-Based Direct Torque Control for Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drives","authors":"Kaif Ahmed Lodi;Khaled Ali Al Jaafari;Abdul R. Beig","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3618191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3618191","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an improved duty-ratio-based direct torque control (Duty-DTC) scheme for open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drives. Unlike conventional DTC (CDTC), which applies a single voltage vector over the entire sampling interval, the proposed method adjusts the duty ratio of the active voltage vector based on the instantaneous torque error. A computationally efficient and robust algorithm is developed to determine the optimal duty ratio, achieving reductions in torque ripple, flux ripple, and switching frequency variations while preserving the transient response of CDTC. A torque reference compensation method is introduced to mitigate the steady-state torque error caused by variations in motor speed. A novel switching state optimization method is used, in which the dwell time of the zero-voltage vector is split into two equal intervals and the active voltage vector is placed at the center of the switching interval, further improving the steady-state error and ripples. The proposed Duty-DTC algorithm is verified experimentally under various operating conditions using a 5-kW OEWIM drive laboratory prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 2.41%, 3.8%, and 4.5% torque ripple at 60 r/min, 720 r/min, and 1440 r/min, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed Duty-DTC in reducing torque ripples. The comparative results demonstrate a 85% reduction in torque ripple without an increase in computational time and complexity compared to CDTC. The results also show that the proposed algorithm achieves performance comparable to that of artificial neural network-based Duty-DTC algorithms, but with reduced computational time and complexity.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11193708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3616287
Nicolaus Jennings;David Wetz;Alexander Johnston;Rick Langley;Nancy LaFlair;John Heinzel
Many civilian and defense applications are either considering or actively incorporating 1000 V electrochemical energy sources into their power systems for a multitude of uses. It is well known that lithium-ion batteries can introduce significant safety challenges, but the risk is most often worth the reward. In addition to the shock hazard that comes with high operational voltages, the potential danger to workers from arc flash hazard—intense heat, bright (blinding) light, and loud (deafening) sound—also exists, and it is not well documented from dc sources. As batteries become more attractive for use across industry, the risks posed by these sources drives a need to study the arc flash phenomena produced at application-relevant potentials. Consequently, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) have performed 91 arc flash experiments with battery sources at voltages roughly 1000 Vdc. Data collected from these experiments are the first comprehensive experimental analysis of dc arc flash phenomena from 1000 V lithium-ion battery systems, revealing previously unreported nonthermal hazards and overestimations from models typically employed. Two lithium-ion chemistries have been studied, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) and Lithium Titanate (LTO). LFP modules studied previously at 540 V produced incident energies as high as 6.12 cal/cm2 from an arc lasting 2.39 s with a gap distance of 0.25 in. At 908 V, the same LFPs exhibited upward of 4.48 cal/cm2 from a 0.5 in gap distance tests that had to be manually cut off. LTOs at 730 V produced 2.16 cal/cm2 for an arc lasting 0.88 s at a gap distance of 0.5 in. The light and sound intensity studied in some tests indicates the necessity for workers to use hearing and vision precautions. Models developed through this research and two relevant models from literature have been used to evaluate overestimations and their effectiveness at predicting the incident energy for arc flash events sourced from lithium-ion batteries.
{"title":"Study of DC Arc Flash Phenomenon From 1000 V Lithium Ion Battery Systems","authors":"Nicolaus Jennings;David Wetz;Alexander Johnston;Rick Langley;Nancy LaFlair;John Heinzel","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3616287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3616287","url":null,"abstract":"Many civilian and defense applications are either considering or actively incorporating 1000 V electrochemical energy sources into their power systems for a multitude of uses. It is well known that lithium-ion batteries can introduce significant safety challenges, but the risk is most often worth the reward. In addition to the shock hazard that comes with high operational voltages, the potential danger to workers from arc flash hazard—intense heat, bright (blinding) light, and loud (deafening) sound—also exists, and it is not well documented from dc sources. As batteries become more attractive for use across industry, the risks posed by these sources drives a need to study the arc flash phenomena produced at application-relevant potentials. Consequently, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) have performed 91 arc flash experiments with battery sources at voltages roughly 1000 V<sub>dc</sub>. Data collected from these experiments are the first comprehensive experimental analysis of dc arc flash phenomena from 1000 V lithium-ion battery systems, revealing previously unreported nonthermal hazards and overestimations from models typically employed. Two lithium-ion chemistries have been studied, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) and Lithium Titanate (LTO). LFP modules studied previously at 540 V produced incident energies as high as 6.12 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> from an arc lasting 2.39 s with a gap distance of 0.25 in. At 908 V, the same LFPs exhibited upward of 4.48 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> from a 0.5 in gap distance tests that had to be manually cut off. LTOs at 730 V produced 2.16 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> for an arc lasting 0.88 s at a gap distance of 0.5 in. The light and sound intensity studied in some tests indicates the necessity for workers to use hearing and vision precautions. Models developed through this research and two relevant models from literature have been used to evaluate overestimations and their effectiveness at predicting the incident energy for arc flash events sourced from lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"689-702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11185300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3607115
Zbigniew Gmyrek;Federica Graffeo;Silvio Vaschetto;Andrea Cavagnino
The article addresses the challenge of determining the individual components of ferromagnetic losses within the generally accepted three-component loss model. It carefully examines variations in each loss contribution caused by the varying proportion of material whose characteristics have been altered by the cutting process. Special emphasis is given to the approach for calculating eddy current losses, which are highly dependent on the proportion of damaged material. Additionally, the article investigates the dependence of excess losses on frequency. In this context, the applicability of known analytical formulas for determining eddy current losses and excess losses is discussed. The merit of this article is the accuracy of mapping the measurement results using the proposed methodology.
{"title":"Measurements and Modeling of Iron Losses in Guillotine and Laser Cut Soft-Magnetic Sheets","authors":"Zbigniew Gmyrek;Federica Graffeo;Silvio Vaschetto;Andrea Cavagnino","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3607115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3607115","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the challenge of determining the individual components of ferromagnetic losses within the generally accepted three-component loss model. It carefully examines variations in each loss contribution caused by the varying proportion of material whose characteristics have been altered by the cutting process. Special emphasis is given to the approach for calculating eddy current losses, which are highly dependent on the proportion of damaged material. Additionally, the article investigates the dependence of excess losses on frequency. In this context, the applicability of known analytical formulas for determining eddy current losses and excess losses is discussed. The merit of this article is the accuracy of mapping the measurement results using the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"663-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11153435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3605167
Balram Kumar;Sankar Peddapati;Waleed Alhosaini
In this work, a multilevel inverter with the feature of single and multiswitch fault-tolerant capability is proposed for ensuring uninterrupted power supply in emergency load applications. By integrating a redundant unit into the multilevel inverter, the converter tolerates faults effectively in both symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage modes. To demonstrate the converter’s robust performance, experimental validation on a 500 W prototype is done under various faulty and dynamic conditions. Additionally, the article includes the reliability and efficiency analysis of the proposed converter. Furthermore, a new parameter is introduced in this work to evaluate the fault-tolerant capability of the converter topologies, offering deeper insights into its reliability. A comparative analysis is finally presented to emphasize the advantages of the proposed topology in terms of various performance matrices.
{"title":"A Novel Fault-Tolerant Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter for Reliable UPS Applications","authors":"Balram Kumar;Sankar Peddapati;Waleed Alhosaini","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3605167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3605167","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a multilevel inverter with the feature of single and multiswitch fault-tolerant capability is proposed for ensuring uninterrupted power supply in emergency load applications. By integrating a redundant unit into the multilevel inverter, the converter tolerates faults effectively in both symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage modes. To demonstrate the converter’s robust performance, experimental validation on a 500 W prototype is done under various faulty and dynamic conditions. Additionally, the article includes the reliability and efficiency analysis of the proposed converter. Furthermore, a new parameter is introduced in this work to evaluate the fault-tolerant capability of the converter topologies, offering deeper insights into its reliability. A comparative analysis is finally presented to emphasize the advantages of the proposed topology in terms of various performance matrices.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"647-662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11146677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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